{ "format": "usl-public-reading-bindings/1", "checkedHead": "0d789e3844a637a363db7968a425bf0d9f384d0c33bd3dcfb9e54bc4844443ce", "checkedCount": 2170, "registryHead": "6328e3ff26256926b96bc14f1399d67c5f82ec10bfd9f87c9752cb316b6792ec", "verification": "Verified against the complete local reviewed upload package. 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"relations": [ 59, 99 ], "bookId": 58700, "colorAllocation": "adbc9932bc602aa6a05b7342517176b0a08cdc36c405d1e427eecf9f04fe077b" }, { "key": "b50-pg58700-testimonial-interest", "workingId": "w1503", "checkedId": 1527, "anchor": "#05707A", "anchorName": "biz-bokheyi", "name": "testimonial interest distinguished from excluded status", "definition": "Assessing a witness’s relevant interests in truth or deception rather than disqualifying the witness solely through gender, condemnation or an inherited mark of infamy.", "relations": [ 1198 ], "bookId": 58700, "colorAllocation": "bc33781b1151c249f20913b1853e94935e27bc1f03d6b56188010ce656b478c2" }, { "key": "b50-pg58700-informing-suspicion", "workingId": "w1504", "checkedId": 1528, "anchor": "#05707B", "anchorName": "biz-bopheya", "name": "social distrust induced by secret accusation", "definition": "A condition in which hidden informing makes ordinary neighbours appear potential accusers, encouraging concealment and weakening secure public 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"name": "confidence maintained through opportunities for refutation", "definition": "Reliance on a judgment that remains open to contradiction and correction, contrasted with treating confidence as permission to prevent its possible refutation.", "relations": [ 99, 56 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "375cfc92b188b9cbaa6d3035d97fc7c08d0e6c1769186b3cf9c90cefbd2cbf64" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-suppression-loss", "workingId": "w1545", "checkedId": 1569, "anchor": "#0570A4", "anchorName": "biz-demeue", "name": "shared epistemic loss from silencing an opinion", "definition": "The loss to listeners and future readers when a view is suppressed: a true view cannot correct error, and a false view cannot provoke fuller understanding of the opposing case.", "relations": [ 48, 102 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "c8235a993561bc4e7c2c79c638eccc3b940bcdee898daf002ef401c6975e104a" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-dead-dogma", "workingId": "w1546", "checkedId": 1570, "anchor": "#0570A5", "anchorName": "biz-deneya", "name": "true belief held without understanding its grounds", "definition": "Holding an accurate conclusion as unquestioned authority while lacking an understanding of the reasons and objections that would make it a reasoned conviction.", "relations": [ 1360 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "61a85d16be9b1cf70b8c3f7bf7e19081cbf4763181d554d99ca34bd7c721b983" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-opponent-voice", "workingId": "w1547", "checkedId": 1571, "anchor": "#0570A6", "anchorName": "biz-depeyo", "name": "an opposing argument heard from its committed advocate", "definition": "Encountering a disputed position in the strongest form its own defenders can give it, rather than only through an opponent’s summary and accompanying refutation.", "relations": [ 37, 1400 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "4127033222481d9057beb3e64c29cf3fad0b979cb1cf9942506fa8d2a3261d0b" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-bystander-benefit", "workingId": "w1548", "checkedId": 1572, "anchor": "#0570A7", "anchorName": "biz-dereyo", "name": "discussion that informs a bystander despite partisan hardening", "definition": "A disagreement in which participants become more entrenched while a less committed listener gains access to neglected considerations.", "relations": [ 49 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "7da92a06c6b5a757c8e313839398cae6733e40c402e76852119bb8c72b63d5cd" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-context-instigation", "workingId": "w1549", "checkedId": 1573, "anchor": "#0570A8", "anchorName": "biz-deseya", "name": "expression whose circumstances make it an instigation", "definition": "The distinction between circulating an opinion for discussion and presenting it in a setting where it directly incites a harmful act.", "relations": [ 107 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "749c3924d962821a9df594e08866a67d52bc83f4e208637caa94ab8444445f22" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-living-experiments", "workingId": "w1550", "checkedId": 1574, "anchor": "#0570A9", "anchorName": "biz-deteye", "name": "experiments of living within a boundary of others’ harm", "definition": "Trying different ways of life at one’s own cost so their worth can become practically examinable, while retaining limits where conduct injures others.", "relations": [ 28, 89 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "40200bd3d247bd69ce3c8760c9227580c76ddea05cd37a035b114728eaaa38c5" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-custom-evidence", "workingId": "w1551", "checkedId": 1575, "anchor": "#0570AA", "anchorName": "biz-deveyi", "name": "custom as evidence to interpret rather than an order to copy", "definition": "Treating an inherited practice as a record of others’ experience whose interpretation and fit require judgment in one’s present circumstances.", "relations": [ 1168, 55 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "2483fc1884e4fda2c78c133f5d8fdcb61ccf321d0b30a27ecf4c5756e4e3463a" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-competitive-loss", "workingId": "w1552", "checkedId": 1576, "anchor": "#0570AB", "anchorName": "biz-deweya", "name": "competitive disappointment distinguished from actionable injury", "definition": "The distinction between loss resulting from another’s legitimate pursuit of a scarce opportunity and harm produced by impermissible means such as fraud or force.", "relations": [ 1376 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "3f06310ead974c7d704727550f349c7d817421e0a8d05c39207729fe0345d528" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-inalienable-future", "workingId": "w1553", "checkedId": 1577, "anchor": "#0570AC", "anchorName": "biz-deyeyo", "name": "a present choice that extinguishes future choice", "definition": "A commitment that removes the person’s continuing ability to choose, creating a conflict between honoring the initial voluntary act and preserving the liberty that justified it.", "relations": [ 51, 89 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "b27ea3089fd08709bad511f2bc7b7e50d65a734ac84bbc5cada1af19dca99069" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-other-power", "workingId": "w1554", "checkedId": 1578, "anchor": "#0570AD", "anchorName": "biz-debheyi", "name": "power over another misdescribed as personal liberty", "definition": "A claim to freedom in one’s own affairs that actually asserts authority over another person, treating the other’s interests as if they were part of the claimant’s self.", "relations": [ 54, 1379 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "ab7d6d85eedb0c17ff6811569ad6c702cbe699f9ad2eaae8738181cc3f990b9e" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-education-provision", "workingId": "w1555", "checkedId": 1579, "anchor": "#0570AE", "anchorName": "biz-dedheye", "name": "requiring education distinguished from monopolizing its provision", "definition": "The distinction between ensuring that learners receive an education and making one authority the exclusive provider or director of what they are taught.", "relations": [ 44, 69 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "bb30e42cf7daa1c6378f4778ba0fa2f0b64818dfe48174df69e07af5064a3a89" }, { "key": "b50-pg34901-understanding-assent", "workingId": "w1556", "checkedId": 1580, "anchor": "#0570AF", "anchorName": "biz-derheye", "name": "examining understanding without requiring assent", "definition": "Assessing whether a person can explain a position and its grounds without requiring that person to profess belief in the position.", "relations": [ 41, 1360 ], "bookId": 34901, "colorAllocation": "bd2f9c80b928e59f00b72515a3c0d826f5167cfd9dca467a8957b72829116fe0" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-success-pressure", "workingId": "w1557", "checkedId": 1581, "anchor": "#0570B0", "anchorName": "biz-deceyi", "name": "past rescue as a demand for renewed rescue", "definition": "A public expectation that someone who once delivered a community must again provide deliverance, turning prior success into a present burden of authority.", "relations": [ 1330 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "08500cf68935a030bca1a7b33621939fd8a74e527474227c7422191b6fb7e210" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-self-implication", "workingId": "w1558", "checkedId": 1582, "anchor": "#0570B1", "anchorName": "biz-defeyo", "name": "an inquiry whose investigator may be implicated", "definition": "An investigation in which the person publicly denouncing an unknown wrongdoer may themselves belong within the class they condemn, making impartial inquiry consequential for their own position.", "relations": [ 55, 99 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "0b226d998f5c42a8d7a5d6f790ac86b024c30b89fb7cb4c7f1e52450d9547499" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-unwelcome-knowledge", "workingId": "w1559", "checkedId": 1583, "anchor": "#0570B2", "anchorName": "biz-deheya", "name": "knowledge withheld because disclosure brings harm", "definition": "A conflict in which a knower resists disclosure because the truth is expected to bring suffering, while others treat silence as betrayal of a shared need.", "relations": [ 48, 55 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "f3702013bbf74701c5b0af865ce4209b83632a38bda4008f29aefcfac3d5f209" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-discredit-channel", "workingId": "w1560", "checkedId": 1584, "anchor": "#0570B3", "anchorName": "biz-dejeyi", "name": "discrediting the bearer instead of testing the message", "definition": "Rejecting an unwelcome assertion by attacking the speaker’s condition or alleging disloyal motive without first resolving the assertion’s evidentiary content.", "relations": [ 1416 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "4b0efd94918fe7fed8abf4e5774e7a8fd8e5fec47473e066a18e6a45cef5597e" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-comfort-revelation", "workingId": "w1561", "checkedId": 1585, "anchor": "#0570B4", "anchorName": "biz-dekeye", "name": "reassurance that opens a more disturbing explanation", "definition": "Information offered to remove one fear that changes a crucial premise and thereby exposes the recipient to a deeper uncertainty or painful line of inquiry.", "relations": [ 1216 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "e986d9a24cce49a7ce66f88bba4c8219cabca37a27248438a3eec32f0b1ab490" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-custody-witness", "workingId": "w1562", "checkedId": 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"w1564", "checkedId": 1588, "anchor": "#0570B7", "anchorName": "biz-dezeyo", "name": "aid grounded in remembered vulnerability", "definition": "A response to another’s need shaped by recognition that one has also depended on strangers and remains exposed to uncertain future adversity.", "relations": [ 1398, 43 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "23ce493141ea90f51296cec26439cf46f9e974fa2d71ca80a72eeba4250b7419" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-guilt-knowledge", "workingId": "w1565", "checkedId": 1589, "anchor": "#0570B8", "anchorName": "biz-decheya", "name": "harmful participation distinguished from knowing wrongdoing", "definition": "The distinction between having participated in a harmful event and having known the identities or circumstances that would make the act the wrong later alleged.", "relations": [ 125, 1227 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "649def316ef089aa9b1dc0939ca801a92321efb2b7809ff6f8e5c49d56a4566d" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-unwritten-obligation", "workingId": "w1566", "checkedId": 1590, "anchor": "#0570B9", "anchorName": "biz-degheye", "name": "unwritten obligation contested against a ruler’s decree", "definition": "A conflict in which a person invokes an enduring obligation as a reason to disobey a publicly known command, while the ruler treats the same act as an assault on authority.", "relations": [ 1434, 1376 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "7f2460bee49f1a8c0dce8e47ca572530deef3ffd8a485d74472167c5eb730fff" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-gendered-authority", "workingId": "w1567", "checkedId": 1591, "anchor": "#0570BA", "anchorName": "biz-dekheyi", "name": "authority defended through fear of gendered humiliation", "definition": "A ruler’s treatment of disobedience as intolerable partly because yielding to a woman is experienced as a loss of masculine standing.", "relations": [ 1411, 89 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "c7b2c8bbc030f1ff55d0c3fc89adfca9f1d2150057ca5c1619b8b0cbd8a63cd4" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-fear-filter", "workingId": "w1568", "checkedId": 1592, "anchor": "#0570BB", "anchorName": "biz-depheya", "name": "public opinion filtered by fear of the ruler", "definition": "A condition in which people’s spoken compliance before authority conceals different private judgments, so a ruler’s immediate audience is an unreliable measure of public assent.", "relations": [ 1182, 56 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "de15105368fcf62d387885dda8413ae6494bb5493672a87f1d70b04fce6eb663" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-yield-wisdom", "workingId": "w1569", "checkedId": 1593, "anchor": "#0570BC", "anchorName": "biz-desheyo", "name": "revisability as a condition of practical strength", "definition": "The capacity to change course in response to sound counsel, presented as a way to preserve an undertaking under strain rather than as mere weakness or disloyalty.", "relations": [ 57, 51 ], "bookId": 31, "colorAllocation": "cfe6f0e1fe8abcc5215c0633520aaa2c4a84ae4dbe3a50653a6563afc072ab8d" }, { "key": "b50-pg31-state-possession", "workingId": 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"biz-dezheye", "name": "scarcity of an unreproducible good", "definition": "A supply limitation that additional ordinary productive labor cannot remove, so the good’s exchange value cannot be explained by the same conditions used for reproducible goods.", "relations": [ 96 ], "bookId": 33310, "colorAllocation": "44e42f69789be6d48e0b05291eed9a935c5a1d694bcce77867671b79c5297005" }, { "key": "b50-pg33310-indirect-labor", "workingId": "w1573", "checkedId": 1597, "anchor": "#0570C0", "anchorName": "biz-dibeyi", "name": "indirect labor embodied in productive means", "definition": "Labor used to make, transport or maintain the tools and materials required for a product, distinguished from labor applied immediately to the final product.", "relations": [ 1389 ], "bookId": 33310, "colorAllocation": "ce9949b7a1139c2524f619391799005f62579f5dc33f55e7fed1f6db6424907c" }, { "key": "b50-pg33310-capital-duration", "workingId": "w1574", "checkedId": 1598, "anchor": "#0570C1", "anchorName": "biz-dideyo", "name": "productive capital distinguished by replacement duration", "definition": "A classification of productive resources according to how quickly they are consumed and must be reproduced, rather than treating all committed resources as having the same turnover.", "relations": [ 1460 ], "bookId": 33310, "colorAllocation": "10bc74c411078e6fdf7a9c336f44bc5121219cdcf26baf67393e38501abedf67" }, { "key": "b50-pg33310-pure-rent", "workingId": "w1575", "checkedId": 1599, "anchor": "#0570C2", "anchorName": "biz-digeya", "name": "land rent distinguished from payment for improvements", "definition": "The distinction between payment for a site’s productive advantages and payment for buildings, drainage or other invested improvements bundled into the same annual charge.", "relations": [ 55 ], "bookId": 33310, "colorAllocation": "70b1b2217989030d7752a80c53dcb236a6e09ced479b7f92c1961fb4581668d9" }, { "key": "b50-pg33310-differential-rent", "workingId": "w1576", "checkedId": 1600, "anchor": "#0570C3", "anchorName": "biz-dileyi", "name": "differential return above a production margin", "definition": "The surplus associated with a more productive site or application of resources when output is also required from a less productive alternative, measured by their difference under comparable inputs.", "relations": [ 1474, 1599 ], "bookId": 33310, "colorAllocation": "772ec832250ad16228ded0b0cc0b1cb9a782b66e25db3a37db8d817189b32da4" }, { "key": "b50-pg33310-intensive-margin", "workingId": "w1577", "checkedId": 1601, "anchor": "#0570C4", "anchorName": "biz-dimeye", "name": "additional investment distinguished from proportional output", "definition": "An increase of resources applied to an existing site that yields additional output without increasing it in the same proportion, requiring separate comparison of the marginal application.", "relations": [ 1320 ], "bookId": 33310, "colorAllocation": "961fc992c137d7cebaea1e787a2a493c39bca2c8a044bf27b23f62beb17bf06d" }, { "key": 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resulting inability to meet the same work demand becomes a reason for further punishment.", "relations": [ 1302, 1200 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "cccb1c071eebaab8836c40beaf5404af78b8ad68bd6fe768fed1a34963d4a348" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-calm-cruelty", "workingId": "w1588", "checkedId": 1612, "anchor": "#0570CF", "anchorName": "biz-dirheue", "name": "calm demeanor distinguished from humane treatment", "definition": "The distinction between an agent’s lack of visible agitation and the cruelty of actions they direct, so composure does not itself indicate restraint or care.", "relations": [ 25, 1411 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "9a7cf12c498afdbc6c03e99962a96bbcd8a36752f3617d78f2b1a294e85d80e8" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-favorable-finding", "workingId": "w1589", "checkedId": 1613, "anchor": "#0570D0", "anchorName": "biz-diceui", "name": "a favorable finding without protection from punishment", "definition": "A process that acknowledges a person’s claim as correct while still imposing the injury or penalty that the finding might have been expected to prevent.", "relations": [ 60, 1434 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "439d3590cdc196de38e57540decbb3e3b295e499f3df55e734de54f78abd4d6a" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-purchase-veto", "workingId": "w1590", "checkedId": 1614, "anchor": "#0570D1", "anchorName": "biz-difeuo", "name": "resources for emancipation blocked by an owner’s veto", "definition": "A condition in which an enslaved person can obtain funds for release but remains unable to secure freedom because the person asserting ownership refuses the transaction.", "relations": [ 1199, 1203 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "4a6fd36f61a47885f12905ecb427356640d5f0ae20a7135f812bdebe04b7041e" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-forced-calendar", "workingId": "w1591", "checkedId": 1615, "anchor": "#0570D2", "anchorName": "biz-diheua", "name": "an imposed schedule that makes a prescribed duty unavailable", "definition": "A labor arrangement that leaves only the supposedly forbidden time for necessary personal activity, then treats the resulting violation as the worker’s independent moral failing.", "relations": [ 1180, 1200 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "bfa07801dab7cd4d75b81027525ce61bd356ca9452bf4f41ce9f4169d953d765" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-licensed-learning", "workingId": "w1592", "checkedId": 1616, "anchor": "#0570D3", "anchorName": "biz-dijeui", "name": "learning access conditional on a controller’s permission", "definition": "An educational opportunity withheld unless a person with power over the learner authorizes attendance, even when the learner actively seeks instruction.", "relations": [ 44, 1377 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "4baee5728231ee5a6657bdc16c9e4ad01f4c2fa13c12fb8fe21f8ea836f5deeb" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-marriage-control", "workingId": "w1593", "checkedId": 1617, "anchor": "#0570D4", "anchorName": "biz-dikeue", "name": "a marital choice subordinated to an ownership claim", "definition": "A person’s chosen marriage treated as unauthorized because another asserts ownership over their time, body or household presence.", "relations": [ 89, 1378 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "d3bb5f6ead5bf73ef94900011a5d9cbc2bf7da034d79e2ee0fe575336c211fa6" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-jurisdiction-freedom", "workingId": "w1594", "checkedId": 1618, "anchor": "#0570D5", "anchorName": "biz-diqeua", "name": "freedom in one jurisdiction without safe free return", "definition": "A condition in which a person can leave service as free in one place but cannot return to home and family without renewed exposure to enslavement elsewhere.", "relations": [ 1203, 40 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "5e66be4811c011ea8655440c6eb3f3769b5b99e00460d81d3e8c96b859ee7af1" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-coerced-exit-record", "workingId": "w1595", "checkedId": 1619, "anchor": "#0570D6", "anchorName": "biz-dixeuo", "name": "a coerced departure recorded as unqualified free choice", "definition": "A written account that reports a person’s decision to leave while omitting the threats, illness or mistreatment that constrained the alternatives, making formal choice stand in for the whole situation.", "relations": [ 55, 59 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "d91cc617aff206153697f307b6d01350b110c00b5a9b3bdd327c3996ba42a72b" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-witnessed-departure", "workingId": "w1596", "checkedId": 1620, "anchor": "#0570D7", "anchorName": "biz-dizeuo", "name": "a departure accompanied by a witnessed counter-record", "definition": "A person’s deliberate statement before available witnesses explaining the circumstances of departure in order to contest an anticipated account of idleness, fault or voluntary abandonment.", "relations": [ 58, 99 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "6efb2bd5323616643e0e63ae507b071d4bc6dd73651b1e784c72a94cda71ce16" }, { "key": "b50-pg17851-work-exit", "workingId": "w1597", "checkedId": 1621, "anchor": "#0570D8", "anchorName": "biz-dicheua", "name": "willingness to labor distinguished from submission to ownership", "definition": "The distinction between consenting to demanding work under treatment, pay and exit conditions and being compelled to work without the ability to leave or contest abuse.", "relations": [ 1379, 89 ], "bookId": 17851, "colorAllocation": "db09f45cf44e746f2088e734675aea2844660496bf3cef2985256cda9fef6da4" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-three-axes", "workingId": "w1598", "checkedId": 1622, "anchor": "#0570D9", "anchorName": "biz-digheue", "name": "medium, object and mode of representation", "definition": "Three independently distinguishable aspects of a representation: the means used to present it, what it represents, and whether its presentation proceeds through narration, enacted action or another mode.", "relations": [ 1151, 106 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "6c819d15ef6d2ceda5cef2f9c67db6aa215178e48889d5ada8f8fcb138ad16c5" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-action-whole", "workingId": "w1599", "checkedId": 1623, "anchor": "#0570DA", "anchorName": "biz-dikheui", "name": "unity of action distinguished from unity of protagonist", "definition": "The coherence produced by incidents contributing to one connected action, distinguished from the mere fact that all incidents concern the same person.", "relations": [ 1161 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "69d482cd334a5df56bb599cdacb9798666c8ba404c791f9d6645f94751c2d81e" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-part-test", "workingId": "w1600", "checkedId": 1624, "anchor": "#0570DB", "anchorName": "biz-dipheua", "name": "structural relevance tested by removal", "definition": "A way of judging a part’s contribution by asking whether removing or relocating it alters the organization of the whole, rather than counting its presence as evidence of necessity.", "relations": [ 55, 1623 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "f00c572652a6e9d5b6c13ef47c0b8a7fa9ab1c3ab9caa8a41dd770fb555165a5" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-graspable-whole", "workingId": "w1601", "checkedId": 1625, "anchor": "#0570DC", "anchorName": "biz-disheuo", "name": "a composition bounded by the capacity to grasp its whole", "definition": "A relation between an artifact’s scale and a recipient’s ability to apprehend its organized development, making mere increase of length different from an increase of intelligible scope.", "relations": [ 1311, 1175 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "940e8ae21301cd15d7699665edb7d6383d0169fb9ea61f9b9e9a30b99e63fa54" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-poetic-possibility", "workingId": "w1602", "checkedId": 1626, "anchor": "#0570DD", "anchorName": "biz-ditheui", "name": "represented possibility distinguished from reported occurrence", "definition": "The distinction between composing what agents might plausibly do under specified conditions and reporting that particular events happened, independent of whether the wording is verse or prose.", "relations": [ 125, 106 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "0422baf139f3ccf16dbf27fffccd372af75428691e95140fa1e2da4c4f1431b0" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-causal-surprise", "workingId": "w1603", "checkedId": 1627, "anchor": "#0570DE", "anchorName": "biz-diwheue", "name": "surprise emerging from established causal structure", "definition": "An unexpected turn whose force comes partly from its dependence on preceding incidents, rather than from an unrelated event merely occurring afterward.", "relations": [ 1172, 1623 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "fd6e9b756d4828571db6022edf1a13d760f1b279233b2b7dee10305f90576e96" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-recognition-relation", "workingId": "w1604", "checkedId": 1628, "anchor": "#0570DF", "anchorName": "biz-dizheue", "name": "recognition that transforms relations between agents", "definition": "A transition from ignorance to knowledge of identity or action that changes how persons are related and what their situation permits, rather than adding information without consequence.", "relations": [ 59 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "e48415e8f4f2898dcea4b11fed4c350c9a55b744026e0708f278180715ab59fc" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-discovery-timing", "workingId": "w1605", "checkedId": 1629, "anchor": "#0570E0", "anchorName": "biz-dobeui", "name": "recognition timed against an irreversible act", "definition": "The distinction between discovering a relevant identity before a contemplated injury, after it, or while already knowing it, so timing changes the structure of responsibility and dramatic effect.", "relations": [ 51, 1628 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "7d2ce62dbccbe53f878ebf6d60012744a13d545941a6b2078ecd3cb9627a2615" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-earned-resolution", "workingId": "w1606", "checkedId": 1630, "anchor": "#0570E1", "anchorName": "biz-dodeuo", "name": "resolution generated by the action’s own conditions", "definition": "An ending or disentanglement that follows from conditions established within the represented action, rather than importing an unexplained external device to remove its difficulty.", "relations": [ 100, 1623 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "9801944b8d14b106e20629b3a47da6b6e03c35fcfff6642715e418528f25f962" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-incident-recognition", "workingId": "w1607", "checkedId": 1631, "anchor": "#0570E2", "anchorName": "biz-dogeua", "name": "discovery arising from a character’s situated activity", "definition": "A recognition that emerges through an action the character has reason to perform within the situation, rather than through an arbitrary identifying declaration inserted solely to inform the audience.", "relations": [ 1172, 1628 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "cba5188b7540303e4178d427ac8c70d96cfff558b9783cb68c605dfcf2e0318b" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-enacted-check", "workingId": "w1608", "checkedId": 1632, "anchor": "#0570E3", "anchorName": "biz-doleui", "name": "imaginative staging as a consistency check", "definition": "Working through a scene as if witnessing its embodied actions in order to notice contradictions or practical impossibilities overlooked in an abstract outline.", "relations": [ 1152, 99 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "3b51d5d5a1e2f697d0872ebf35740da841b66c181c78c17c2dda18ea8a068969" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-familiarity-relative", "workingId": "w1609", "checkedId": 1633, "anchor": "#0570E4", "anchorName": "biz-domeue", "name": "word familiarity relative to a speech community", "definition": "A word’s being ordinary or unfamiliar as a relation to the community receiving it, rather than an intrinsic property possessed equally for all readers.", "relations": [ 1191, 37 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "389b5a3f6dd28a755cf4935435b89b1fb1a094ab3e7470a20a338fbd1ccdc647" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-proportional-metaphor", "workingId": "w1610", "checkedId": 1634, "anchor": "#0570E5", "anchorName": "biz-doneya", "name": "metaphor by a correspondence of relations", "definition": "A transfer of a name supported by a proportion between two pairs of things, using a similar relation rather than claiming that the things themselves are identical.", "relations": [ 1173, 1445 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "069997abde906b0a3f08607b73fbca46c6e9d9d70138ad35b09f316d06e7d7bc" }, { "key": "b50-pg1974-interpret-before-charge", "workingId": "w1611", "checkedId": 1635, "anchor": "#0570E6", "anchorName": "biz-dopeyo", "name": "an inconsistency tested against the intended sense", "definition": "A critical procedure that checks the referent, relation and possible local senses of an expression before treating an apparent conflict as the author’s contradiction.", "relations": [ 41, 1191 ], "bookId": 1974, "colorAllocation": "d67f88ac9820d7a5c8a053077f67abd648168a5cedbcdd53653ff5ad85d97afb" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-silence-decency", "workingId": "w1612", "checkedId": 1636, "anchor": "#0570E7", "anchorName": "biz-doreyo", "name": "public delicacy that conceals protected wrongdoing", "definition": "A norm against discussing supposedly indelicate experience that shields abuse from public scrutiny, especially when the people exposed to harm are expected to preserve others’ comfort.", "relations": [ 100, 1182 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "f89f806313c026a3eebd18d654834eb5a3eb9a2b3dd36c5d184524882bedd7c9" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-protective-reaction", "workingId": "w1613", "checkedId": 1637, "anchor": "#0570E8", "anchorName": "biz-doseya", "name": "fear of a protector’s response as a barrier to disclosure", "definition": "A reluctance to tell a trusted person about harm because their anticipated anger, judgment or retaliation may produce further danger, even while their presence offers some protection.", "relations": [ 1334, 1182 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "79e6c37fbba71ef311f315da049d171dd0bb109a6f9bfefdd7e145a2b7417f3c" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-sexual-labor-proxy", "workingId": "w1614", "checkedId": 1638, "anchor": "#0570E9", "anchorName": "biz-doteye", "name": "sexual coercion obscured by a measure of physical workload", "definition": "A failure to recognize domination because a person is not severely overworked or visibly beaten, while ownership claims and compelled proximity still expose them to sexual persecution.", "relations": [ 1328, 1183 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "3542734c3f8fa8f99d049fc60aa32493a8339936dc6810791f84eac9d3ac8956" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-marriage-no-shield", "workingId": "w1615", "checkedId": 1639, "anchor": "#0570EA", "anchorName": "biz-doveyi", "name": "marriage without power to protect a partner", "definition": "A legally or socially recognized intimate bond that gives one partner no effective capacity to protect the other from a third party’s coercive claim.", "relations": [ 1378, 1434 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "c15112a3d004c39d014b9cfb1127c71c2ea2586a0fa780eb4c0f8cf374e9c215" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-unequal-judgment", "workingId": "w1616", "checkedId": 1640, "anchor": "#0570EB", "anchorName": "biz-doweya", "name": "moral comparison across unequal available protections", "definition": "An evaluation that considers how law, shelter, coercion and available alternatives differ between the person judging and the person judged, without making the latter’s agency simply disappear.", "relations": [ 1366, 1227 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "03d2a81d1f80c4c15e02271df25f2af0a10cd92f98d395870e011f7494930b68" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-chosen-confinement", "workingId": "w1617", "checkedId": 1641, "anchor": "#0570EC", "anchorName": "biz-doyeyo", "name": "self-confinement as escape from another’s control", "definition": "A constrained choice to endure severe restriction of movement in order to avoid a greater coercive power, so physical immobility alone does not explain whether a situation is experienced as refuge or captivity.", "relations": [ 89, 1203 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "a4a9a9d8453f04f92beb99d017a318d9c0b0ff4e97dc07871630f46f1ca390e5" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-tiny-aperture", "workingId": "w1618", "checkedId": 1642, "anchor": "#0570ED", "anchorName": "biz-dobheyi", "name": "a minimal sensory opening that restores relationship", "definition": "A small alteration of an otherwise isolating environment that permits sight, sound or air and thereby reopens a limited relation to persons or events outside it.", "relations": [ 1321, 1313 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "cfb5ced706072234fb36b722bbae3bd10185d52f2b797719c62c6d8ff30a19a6" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-concealed-care", "workingId": "w1619", "checkedId": 1643, "anchor": "#0570EE", "anchorName": "biz-dodheye", "name": "care whose authorship must remain concealed", "definition": "Support intentionally provided without revealing the caregiver’s presence or role because disclosure would endanger them or the recipients, making absence of recognition compatible with active care.", "relations": [ 1231, 1201 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "edc4a023b641e7feaf5fab59fda7384328e8a50a0840a92f15604e9b0a294be4" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-return-law", "workingId": "w1620", "checkedId": 1644, "anchor": "#0570EF", "anchorName": "biz-dorheye", "name": "a legal change that destroys an established refuge", "definition": "A change in enforcement conditions that exposes people who have built homes and relationships in a place to capture or forced departure, without any new harmful act by those displaced.", "relations": [ 1203, 51 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "5e57eda83edf6d1ee0a8ee3ec4145152ea4d42f339ca7b9947fe60e05ab11b72" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-shared-watch", "workingId": "w1621", "checkedId": 1645, "anchor": "#0570F0", "anchorName": "biz-doceyi", "name": "shared protective knowledge assembled from ordinary public records", "definition": "People under threat examining mundane public information and exchanging relevant findings to warn one another, turning individually available observations into reciprocal protection.", "relations": [ 99, 81 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "60a0c829da4a9a864b524950c913ab6ba2c3cfd1ebef4de1ce9b27fc168c21c8" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-opposition-cost", "workingId": "w1622", "checkedId": 1646, "anchor": "#0570F1", "anchorName": "biz-dofeyo", "name": "opposition to a rule distinguished from accepting shelter’s risk", "definition": "The distinction between rejecting a coercive rule in principle and being willing to incur the personal legal or social risk of protecting someone threatened by it.", "relations": [ 1367, 1424 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "2e6769cf11720db62baf44366d6a09ef433dafbaa04d3d8f10b25158ea0fd304" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-ransom-objection", "workingId": "w1623", "checkedId": 1647, "anchor": "#0570F2", "anchorName": "biz-doheya", "name": "relief through payment without acceptance of a rightful claim", "definition": "A person’s gratitude for release obtained by payment coexisting with rejection of the alleged entitlement for which money was demanded.", "relations": [ 1225, 1434 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "856efabd3d8f771e1814d1216eec52bc44f90d3d818b1c91ef95942cd07aa082" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-help-with-exit", "workingId": "w1624", "checkedId": 1648, "anchor": "#0570F3", "anchorName": "biz-dojeyi", "name": "assistance whose benefit survives the recipient’s departure", "definition": "Help given without making continued service, residence or loyalty to the helper a condition of the benefit, including an explicit willingness to assist someone who then leaves.", "relations": [ 43, 1384 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "6c0b714911d59bef84fdc4806047f448e49028b1397771ea77d335a0454aedad" }, { "key": "b50-pg11030-freedom-home", "workingId": "w1625", "checkedId": 1649, "anchor": "#0570F4", "anchorName": "biz-dokeye", "name": "release from coercive ownership without a home of one’s own", "definition": "The distinction between securing freedom from another’s ownership claim and acquiring the stable domestic space and resources in which a family can live together independently.", "relations": [ 1203, 1314 ], "bookId": 11030, "colorAllocation": "f58e76fa8450d825f1d077748cbfcf0e7592b325576ec56470a95389a4d35e68" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-access-observation", "workingId": "w1626", "checkedId": 1650, "anchor": "#0570F5", "anchorName": "biz-doqeya", "name": "instrument capability as a condition of observational access", "definition": "A requirement that an observer possess sufficient resolving or magnifying capability before failure to see a reported phenomenon can count as a comparable observation.", "relations": [ 1331, 36 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "d0f0ae0270a5ca5e08b264927c1609c09811072f40200ee01e98f5c9956cffc9" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-magnification-area", "workingId": "w1627", "checkedId": 1651, "anchor": "#0570F6", "anchorName": "biz-doxeyo", "name": "linear magnification distinguished from area magnification", "definition": "The distinction between increase in an image’s apparent diameter and increase in its apparent area, requiring the stated comparison to identify which measure is being multiplied.", "relations": [ 1460, 1474 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "82d4b16f4191973c54f7b05fbf20eacdb850266bfe571181031f4fe0262a1af6" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-binocular-calibration", "workingId": "w1628", "checkedId": 1652, "anchor": "#0570F7", "anchorName": "biz-dozeyo", "name": "instrument magnification checked against a simultaneous standard", "definition": "A comparison in which an instrumentally viewed small target is matched to an unaided larger target of known proportions, making the claimed magnification testable against a constructed reference.", "relations": [ 1474, 1651 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "cf84d2ade3deca4238149806647004f10bb6bc146c470b2fdddaff345ee3eea8" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-changing-shadow", "workingId": "w1629", "checkedId": 1653, "anchor": "#0570F8", "anchorName": "biz-docheya", "name": "surface relief inferred from changing illumination", "definition": "An inference to elevated and depressed structure based on the way bright regions and shadows appear, move and join as illumination changes, rather than treating every dark patch as the same kind of feature.", "relations": [ 1248, 1329 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "6f0326005347f3ef6cad7b3772ac49c9395b01050951c446b26e9408a37d4c96" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-limb-overlap", "workingId": "w1630", "checkedId": 1654, "anchor": "#0570F9", "anchorName": "biz-dogheye", "name": "a smooth outline produced by overlapping irregular structures", "definition": "An apparently even boundary arising when successive irregular features obscure one another along the line of sight, so a smooth distant silhouette need not imply a smooth surface.", "relations": [ 55, 1653 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "38b9d45dedce6f8b67c563d7a9deba7021b6ac501995c352ce3f5c7138300be0" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-shadow-height", "workingId": "w1631", "checkedId": 1655, "anchor": "#0570FA", "anchorName": "biz-dokheyi", "name": "height inferred from a lighting geometry and reference scale", "definition": "An estimate of elevation obtained by relating an illuminated summit’s displacement beyond a shadow boundary to an assumed body radius and ray geometry.", "relations": [ 1474, 1458, 1653 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "0c1edb0c3e242bb7d0dcafa7f960dac93ee551ff7c58bb6303d7ed34389cebb6" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-glare-occlusion", "workingId": "w1632", "checkedId": 1656, "anchor": "#0570FB", "anchorName": "biz-dopheya", "name": "revealing a faint signal by selectively blocking a bright neighbor", "definition": "Making a dim feature more perceptible by masking a nearby brighter feature while leaving the target visible, rather than interpreting its earlier obscurity as absence.", "relations": [ 1234, 1328 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "6e7c5080ef1fb9b0caed4c3372c4f7eed68fa6c03fa447b9b9a9a9009b5b1245" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-reflected-phase", "workingId": "w1633", "checkedId": 1657, "anchor": "#0570FC", "anchorName": "biz-dosheyo", "name": "reflected illumination constrained by the source-facing geometry", "definition": "An explanation of changing secondary light that follows how much illuminated surface of one body is visible from another, distinguishing borrowed illumination from an intrinsic constant glow.", "relations": [ 1256, 55 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "26e864c353aa49e876951064497f673eb7b361a2751cee67f3da68728af80f27" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-sample-map", "workingId": "w1634", "checkedId": 1658, "anchor": "#0570FD", "anchorName": "biz-dotheyi", "name": "a declared sample map distinguished from a complete inventory", "definition": "A diagram that identifies which portion of a larger observed field was selected, how previously known and newly observed elements are marked, and which omissions prevent it from being a full census.", "relations": [ 56, 101 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "69e233001c0c76ba542f97e6968d9e9ac36b55cd901c6bfff0ffee24d7d9d326" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-unresolved-cluster", "workingId": "w1635", "checkedId": 1659, "anchor": "#0570FE", "anchorName": "biz-dowheye", "name": "an apparently continuous brightness resolved into components", "definition": "A change of observational resolution that reveals distinguishable contributors where unaided observation presented a single diffuse light, without licensing the same explanation for every similar-looking object.", "relations": [ 1329, 1650 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "bdd366a1f4f5457500152ce583e6a9f8ef6390f77197a47e0b34f0f9901838cd" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-configuration-revision", "workingId": "w1636", "checkedId": 1660, "anchor": "#0570FF", "anchorName": "biz-dozheye", "name": "a repeated configuration that overturns an initial classification", "definition": "Revising what observed points are taken to be after their changing relative positions conflict with the first classification, then increasing the precision of subsequent observations.", "relations": [ 28, 57 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "b99aa5429983c5ee2859246ee90296245c7af0fac16f28bad76419868c04401c" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-timed-positions", "workingId": "w1637", "checkedId": 1661, "anchor": "#057100", "anchorName": "biz-gabayi", "name": "positional evidence accompanied by observation time", "definition": "A record of relative locations whose timestamps are necessary to interpret motion or compare rapidly changing configurations, rather than treating different observations as simultaneous.", "relations": [ 58, 1466 ], "bookId": 46036, "colorAllocation": "3bd230d9683ec5f7877815434063e01ea5effc414819af348b6fb17bee688687" }, { "key": "b50-pg46036-concealed-companion", "workingId": "w1638", "checkedId": 1662, "anchor": "#057101", "anchorName": "biz-gadayo", "name": "a changing visible count distinguished from a changing population", "definition": "The distinction between how many objects are currently separable to an observer and how many are present, when overlap, 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question while explicitly distinguishing that use from what its author intended or claimed to investigate.", "relations": [ 54, 109 ], "bookId": 71454, "colorAllocation": "6aba13439e556d1a013d781f8418c4b141ebe0cbd677baf421d0e2b6fbfefddd" }, { "key": "b50-pg71454-changing-optimum", "workingId": "w1682", "checkedId": 1706, "anchor": "#05712D", "anchorName": "biz-gebhayi", "name": "favorable conditions that change with development and function", "definition": "A relation in which the conditions best supporting an organism’s activities vary with its developmental stage, functional rhythm or level of organization, rather than forming one timeless optimum.", "relations": [ 1285, 1330 ], "bookId": 71454, "colorAllocation": "5e37abc20a96b8e62f23ae4b4c6e35e139d6c03723b4076ad11393b87d97e942" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-inherited-report", "workingId": "w1683", "checkedId": 1707, "anchor": "#05712E", "anchorName": "biz-gedhaya", "name": "a reported stereotype shaping later observation", "definition": "A published generalization influences what later observers notice and repeat, so apparent corroboration can partly descend from the initial report rather than independent encounters.", "relations": [ 55, 1210 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "f755430f0c8694c7cd7b8627ba5bcbdc0db3dc0ad0222fa5437f6f1ae1756ac9" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-transient-fixed", "workingId": "w1684", "checkedId": 1708, "anchor": "#05712F", "anchorName": "biz-gerhaye", "name": "a transient appearance treated as a lasting condition", "definition": "An account treats features of one season, light or occasion as enduring characteristics of its subject. Different observations may then appear contradictory because their conditions were omitted.", "relations": [ 56, 1466 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "edce7932bd7f0a440e7a837adfab81b17d29323a562c34230b08c5bdfda75fe6" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-contact-sample", "workingId": "w1685", "checkedId": 1709, "anchor": "#057130", "anchorName": "biz-gecayi", "name": "a social sample shaped by introductions", "definition": "The people an observer meets are selected through prior contacts, class connections or hosts. Agreement among those contacts can reflect the selection network rather than a representative distribution of views.", "relations": [ 1403, 55 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "dc04b4f1226d36f66707dbc6d20bfb465c9ce033e8404f2251489d478e149081" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-principled-comparison", "workingId": "w1686", "checkedId": 1710, "anchor": "#057131", "anchorName": "biz-gefayo", "name": "comparison by declared ends rather than familiar customs", "definition": "Evaluating unfamiliar practices by an explicitly chosen end instead of treating the observer’s home practice as the standard. The chosen end must itself remain open to examination.", "relations": [ 41, 55 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "c050a556054a62dbc3b8068ee9e51b8ea24aaf032eabfa5b8a0c3e556cd3fb3b" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-arrival-access", "workingId": "w1687", "checkedId": 1711, "anchor": "#057132", "anchorName": "biz-gehayo", "name": "the observer’s mode of arrival shaping access", "definition": "An observer’s transport, entourage or visible status changes opportunities for ordinary encounters. The logistics of reaching a place can select the social world that becomes available for observation.", "relations": [ 1337, 1403 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "b1efc48e5e95c693c0d40fd64fc1db95409edf3ee8be7bdd7cf3cef993f3a17f" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-rapport-access", "workingId": "w1688", "checkedId": 1712, "anchor": "#057133", "anchorName": "biz-gejayi", "name": "rapport shaping the depth of disclosure", "definition": "The felt relationship with an observer affects whether people share intimate concerns or offer only safe public information. Warmth may widen access, while neither warmth nor confidence makes an account automatically accurate.", "relations": [ 1401, 1317 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "5a3312a169ccea1680847b1204f306426b92dbb3cf6f0950862499a13d7e0280" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-institutional-traces", "workingId": "w1689", "checkedId": 1713, "anchor": "#057134", "anchorName": "biz-gekaye", "name": "institutional traces as evidence beyond individual reports", "definition": "Using recurring practices, records and material arrangements to investigate social patterns that exceed a few interviews. Such traces need interpretation and can reflect exclusion as well as collective activity.", "relations": [ 1392, 65 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "f4c434920d5884d787312a8d84ce8d3851bf86516c18219beb5d9437f2ed6c43" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-distributed-recording", "workingId": "w1690", "checkedId": 1714, "anchor": "#057135", "anchorName": "biz-geqaya", "name": "distributed observation before general synthesis", "definition": "Several observers contribute limited, situated records for later comparison without each claiming authority to generalize about the whole. The division of work preserves the difference between collecting material and justifying a synthesis.", "relations": [ 72, 71 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "8ff76ea8ae49cadf58cc27187b5b4706c8923bc2ec7906a86405985302c236c3" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-controversy-map", "workingId": "w1691", "checkedId": 1715, "anchor": "#057136", "anchorName": "biz-gexayi", "name": "disagreement revealing the structure of a public question", "definition": "Contrary accounts can expose the parties, stakes and assumptions of a controversy even when the observer cannot yet decide between them. Learning what is disputed is distinct from resolving the dispute.", "relations": [ 41, 49 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "23a1cabd6a6e10b9c792a3a6550179ddaa60c70a9b749e7ecb43aefcdc369408" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-intermediary-breadth", "workingId": "w1692", "checkedId": 1716, "anchor": "#057137", "anchorName": "biz-gezayo", "name": "breadth of contact separated from reliability of testimony", "definition": "A person who routinely deals with many others can provide access to varied experiences. The range of those contacts and the person’s judgment about them remain separate reasons for evaluating testimony.", "relations": [ 25, 55 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "ec841d9774c88aad45b8754e47852f3baaf727407711bed6bd181540ecb72ba8" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-recording-reactivity", "workingId": "w1693", "checkedId": 1717, "anchor": "#057138", "anchorName": "biz-gechaya", "name": "visible recording changing an account", "definition": "The awareness of being recorded can alter what a speaker chooses to disclose and how it is presented. A method intended to preserve information can therefore change the information it receives.", "relations": [ 1337, 1369 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "af3db0f7b6d39c6fadbeb5d582c4e388da8ee1d6bbcd85cc61272421b067fc84" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-journal-query", "workingId": "w1694", "checkedId": 1718, "anchor": "#057139", "anchorName": "biz-geghaye", "name": "an inquiry checklist distinct from a reflective journal", "definition": "A checklist keeps planned questions available, while a reflective journal preserves the observer’s changing impressions and judgments. Combining them too rigidly can lose evidence of how the observer’s own understanding changed.", "relations": [ 58, 55 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "9da8bf4a001e60293427681b0a66c174f4ecb2d4d005b9924a707b4ae38a491b" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-memory-compensation", "workingId": "w1695", "checkedId": 1719, "anchor": "#05713A", "anchorName": "biz-gekhaye", "name": "recording selected to compensate for likely forgetting", "definition": "Choosing what to record partly by what unaided memory is likely to lose, rather than only by present interest or emotional intensity. A vivid concern and a fragile detail can require different recording effort.", "relations": [ 58, 103 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "de64f01a0403a1869bd1dbbab5d18ceda9cfea2d73daaf820203c7505b554447" }, { "key": "b50-pg33944-fleeting-record", "workingId": "w1696", "checkedId": 1720, "anchor": "#05713B", "anchorName": "biz-gephaya", "name": "immediate field note distinct from later reflection", "definition": "A brief record secures a fleeting observation before a later journal or analysis develops it. Immediate capture and considered interpretation serve different purposes and should not be confused as the same evidentiary act.", "relations": [ 58, 59 ], "bookId": 33944, "colorAllocation": "5faf9823602cb2ade231075b8d6fe1cc763924653963cf19ad853c6a9996d09e" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-route-mechanism", "workingId": "w1697", "checkedId": 1721, "anchor": "#05713C", "anchorName": "biz-geshayo", "name": "exposure route separated from a proposed mechanism", "definition": "A distinction between evidence identifying how an exposure passes between people and a proposed account of what it does inside the body. One account can be supported while parts of the other remain conjectural.", "relations": [ 55, 56 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "452e2c6eb62550d81c9185611ab8a35641dc9a11fdaff3f106357d66185ed093" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-incubation", "workingId": "w1698", "checkedId": 1722, "anchor": "#05713D", "anchorName": "biz-gethayi", "name": "delay between exposure and manifested effect", "definition": "An interval separating contact with a proposed cause from an observable outcome, requiring exposure history to be investigated before the moment the outcome becomes visible. A temporal lag does not itself identify the causal process.", "relations": [ 1327 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "90d4a03a18f15726c699ca73eecf8ebd26b915c451a4ba4219bb67c1356fc5be" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-proximity", "workingId": "w1699", "checkedId": 1723, "anchor": "#05713E", "anchorName": "biz-gewhaya", "name": "exposure beyond residential proximity", "definition": "A condition in which residence near a source is an imperfect proxy for contact because people travel, select distant supplies or receive materials distributed elsewhere. Mapping location and establishing exposure are different tasks.", "relations": [ 1125 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "42fcca37ccd8270986b793a2f20c321e01350016f7f6ea6df76b4bd353f04cd6" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-unknown-exposure", "workingId": "w1700", "checkedId": 1724, "anchor": "#05713F", "anchorName": "biz-gezhaye", "name": "unknown exposure retained as unknown", "definition": "Recording cases whose exposure cannot be ascertained separately from cases with a supported negative exposure history. Missing witnesses or records do not establish absence of contact.", "relations": [ 56, 1198 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "c3b84340927d1677f9c11f80cdd7108312e586af06778e7b6d08cb5f6d44b567" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-local-exception", "workingId": "w1701", "checkedId": 1725, "anchor": "#057140", "anchorName": "biz-gibayi", "name": "nearby non-exposure as a causal probe", "definition": "Using a nearby group with a different relevant exposure to investigate a proposed explanation of a local outbreak. Shared location narrows some alternatives but does not establish that the groups are otherwise identical.", "relations": [ 1248, 1234 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "c138615cce1a3af248040b7c59388925f187641a0f5a6e5d89d57f51688654fc" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-relocated-outcome", "workingId": "w1702", "checkedId": 1726, "anchor": "#057141", "anchorName": "biz-gidayo", "name": "outcome location distinguished from exposure location", "definition": "Distinguishing where an outcome was recorded from where the relevant exposure occurred, especially when affected people moved or entered institutions. Counts at the destination need not describe risks originating there.", "relations": [ 1327 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "cdef65704384f39b39497ef2f525d34e480685b5537018fa021ad9512aead90a" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-natural-comparison", "workingId": "w1703", "checkedId": 1727, "anchor": "#057142", "anchorName": "biz-gigayo", "name": "infrastructure-created exposure comparison", "definition": "A comparison made possible when pre-existing infrastructure distributes different exposures among otherwise intermixed populations. Its usefulness depends on examining assignment and relevant differences; it is not a randomized intervention merely because it resembles an experiment.", "relations": [ 1234, 55 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "5704df469602d8b38e4723c8e3ace0541fd0575713262698820e7d43db6b9d1b" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-exposure-tracer", "workingId": "w1704", "checkedId": 1728, "anchor": "#057143", "anchorName": "biz-gilayi", "name": "indirect tracer of exposure provenance", "definition": "Using a measurable property that distinguishes supplies to establish which supply a person received when recollection or administrative knowledge is inadequate. The tracer identifies provenance under stated conditions, not necessarily the harmful agent itself.", "relations": [ 1248, 59 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "628a7e01a3227d1de919c0c1cc33e7cacbed39efd6ee134396a0c97a89b9a327" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-denominator-boundary", "workingId": "w1705", "checkedId": 1729, "anchor": "#057144", "anchorName": "biz-gimaye", "name": "comparison denominator fixes inquiry scope", "definition": "Extending ascertainment to the population represented by an available denominator so that outcome counts and exposure totals describe comparable groups. A convenient subset cannot silently inherit a wider population total.", "relations": [ 1125, 55 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "d57cb4b83fac86e8ecb06a8156b2dc2ae9d1f29ec986fc0559081614f22bc02d" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-case-definition", "workingId": "w1706", "checkedId": 1730, "anchor": "#057145", "anchorName": "biz-ginaya", "name": "outcome grouping can reverse a comparison", "definition": "A classification choice in which combining different outcomes or differently exposed locations changes an apparent association. The grouping rule must be inspected before treating the resulting comparison as evidence for a cause.", "relations": [ 1270, 1329 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "0cb1cce65b3759f4e59449deb3bc0712f598707b0f1fe04eeaed8b8d03ada98d" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-prior-decline", "workingId": "w1707", "checkedId": 1731, "anchor": "#057146", "anchorName": "biz-gipayi", "name": "intervention introduced during an existing decline", "definition": "A causal assessment problem in which an outcome was already diminishing before a proposed preventive action. Later improvement cannot be assigned wholly to that action without considering the prior trajectory and concurrent changes.", "relations": [ 56, 1226 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "316aba7d264e5273c588116dd744bfebc3c865001922d6c96645a7acd1171369" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-ascertainment-revision", "workingId": "w1708", "checkedId": 1732, "anchor": "#057147", "anchorName": "biz-girayo", "name": "revised counts through completed ascertainment", "definition": "Updating a reported distribution when previously unknown case attributes become established, while preserving why the totals changed. New ascertainment is distinguished from a change in the underlying historical events.", "relations": [ 57 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "239fc9608741a701bde88c6916a376175e7b0a63e9e4f19caf999d4206e47363" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-clean-appearance", "workingId": "w1709", "checkedId": 1733, "anchor": "#057148", "anchorName": "biz-gisaya", "name": "sensory purity separated from hazardous exposure", "definition": "A distinction between how clean a material appears and whether it carries a particular hazard. A reassuring appearance or local reputation can coexist with an exposure too small or unsuited to ordinary perception.", "relations": [ 1248 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "8b4a39cfd6c59663010c19e0ced4e12f8e7f04d48721f0e5f4e49b08106e3ad7" }, { "key": "b50-pg72894-negative-instance", "workingId": "w1710", "checkedId": 1734, "anchor": "#057149", "anchorName": "biz-gitaye", "name": "negative instance with an unsettled exposure condition", "definition": "A reported encounter without the predicted outcome that tests a causal proposal while leaving the relevant dose, timing or operative condition uncertain. Possible conditions must remain hypotheses rather than automatic excuses that make a theory immune to failure.", "relations": [ 55, 56 ], "bookId": 72894, "colorAllocation": "a968f03e3cf9bc20a18a3108c6c6cb242f93330acceb24183b2567e06272d476" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-models", "workingId": "w1711", "checkedId": 1735, "anchor": "#05714A", "anchorName": "biz-giveye", "name": "multiple interpretations of one axiom system", "definition": "Different domains and assignments to primitive terms can satisfy the same stated axioms. Agreement with those axioms establishes shared formal conditions, without by itself selecting the intended interpretation or application.", "relations": [ 1437, 55 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "7180b3bb1e2f39f77c77f8d3715a1da1e9040944bed1b677311cf0df22885525" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-application", "workingId": "w1712", "checkedId": 1736, "anchor": "#05714B", "anchorName": "biz-giweya", "name": "formal satisfaction separated from counting application", "definition": "Distinguishing a structure that satisfies arithmetic axioms from an interpretation that makes its terms usable for counting ordinary objects. A valid formal correspondence does not alone establish the intended connection to counted things.", "relations": [ 1437, 61 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "e3b081d116e1b9ef5368163fcd299f0cb2ff6d71d8c78fe4dd99265a20e1d18e" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-intension", "workingId": "w1713", "checkedId": 1737, "anchor": "#05714C", "anchorName": "biz-giyeyo", "name": "membership distinguished from defining property", "definition": "A collection can be specified through different properties that select the same members. Agreement in membership does not make the defining properties identical in meaning or explanation.", "relations": [ 1168, 1437 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "a29d0467675b553ba0b8e97602ae9e0a8c5cab138eeba60263fd4545a2e69acf" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-pairing", "workingId": "w1714", "checkedId": 1738, "anchor": "#05714D", "anchorName": "biz-gibheyi", "name": "equal cardinality through complete pairing", "definition": "Comparing the sizes of two collections by a one-to-one correspondence covering both, without first enumerating either collection. The correspondence must leave no unmatched member on either side.", "relations": [ 1474 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "8d7a09d15a38373b8332ae08a7ec9392751c50b4e3e4062292f6080682a02b44" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-converse", "workingId": "w1715", "checkedId": 1739, "anchor": "#05714E", "anchorName": "biz-gidheya", "name": "converse direction of a relation", "definition": "The relation obtained by reversing the ordered roles in an original relation, as earlier reverses later. Reversing roles is distinct from denying that the original relation holds.", "relations": [ 1435 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "a68ebd8ff35b69e25418e9fff4203ccff6a34c884105481207cc06df1efbbfc6" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-order-count", "workingId": "w1716", "checkedId": 1740, "anchor": "#05714F", "anchorName": "biz-girheye", "name": "enumeration order separated from cardinality", "definition": "A distinction between the sequence used to count a finite collection and how many members it has. Choosing a different enumeration order does not by itself select a different collection size.", "relations": [ 1452, 1468 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "b5ef9bea2d14c834e4e008f6d0595793494b48538947d3ae0f9cb1e012e6af6c" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-induction", "workingId": "w1717", "checkedId": 1741, "anchor": "#057150", "anchorName": "biz-giceyi", "name": "base case joined to successor closure", "definition": "An inductive property in the natural-number setting combines a starting case with preservation from a number to its successor. Neither a starting example alone nor an unanchored preservation rule supplies both parts.", "relations": [ 1476 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "e540b3b22b1b2bb9933995402bbc57571ec3c0b55c7b1fda98d4e344ca16a5bf" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-name-description", "workingId": "w1718", "checkedId": 1742, "anchor": "#057151", "anchorName": "biz-gifeyo", "name": "direct designation separated from descriptive identification", "definition": "In Russell’s analysis, a name used to designate and a description assembled from meaningful words perform different logical work, even when they concern the same individual. Replacing one with the other need not preserve the proposition asserted.", "relations": [ 1435, 61 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "db6f09d6206f1631e9322eba53c05f2d852fa80cd53a9b2935953c2c89466422" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-uniqueness", "workingId": "w1719", "checkedId": 1743, "anchor": "#057152", "anchorName": "biz-giheyo", "name": "existence and uniqueness in a definite description", "definition": "In Russell’s account, an assertion using the so-and-so requires both a satisfier of the description and no second satisfier. Grammatical definiteness alone does not establish either condition.", "relations": [ 55 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "74094f2ffa4bfafe539bd6fe709b70ba6a4ac0d8010e6876b228ea8d8923d50f" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-scope-negation", "workingId": "w1720", "checkedId": 1744, "anchor": "#057153", "anchorName": "biz-gijeyi", "name": "negation scope around a failed description", "definition": "In Russell’s analysis, denying that a unique described individual has a property differs from asserting that a unique described individual lacks it. The first denial can be true when no such individual exists; the second still commits to existence. Negation’s scope changes the assertion.", "relations": [ 1435, 55 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "2da1e386b95eca0569ad16c9dcfd803e8e374b19633f87883bd40914d93db5d2" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-unknown-referent", "workingId": "w1721", "checkedId": 1745, "anchor": "#057154", "anchorName": "biz-gikeye", "name": "descriptive knowledge before identifying a referent", "definition": "Knowing constraints or propositions concerning whoever fits a description before knowing which individual fits it. Accumulated descriptive information and successful identification are distinct achievements.", "relations": [ 56, 59 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "67ee9dc8eedf578fb82112b287c1abdb3b9905c5c9c040e6ad65c6e755e13a47" }, { "key": "b50-pg41654-conditional-foundation", "workingId": "w1722", "checkedId": 1746, "anchor": "#057155", "anchorName": "biz-giqeya", "name": "foundational assumption distinguished from logical necessity", "definition": "An assumption can enable a deductive construction without having been established as necessary in every possible interpretation. Its explanatory convenience and its logical status must remain separate.", "relations": [ 55, 56 ], "bookId": 41654, "colorAllocation": "72db369244f2d56ab35ac3842fe4d99417c839e41fe7926a328ff246d1ddffad" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-reflection", "workingId": "w1723", "checkedId": 1747, "anchor": "#057156", "anchorName": "biz-gixeyi", "name": "learning and reflection as mutual correctives", "definition": "A discipline in which received learning is examined through thought and thought is corrected through learning. Accumulation without reflection and reflection detached from learning are treated as different failures.", "relations": [ 1353, 55 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "e1a13cbf5e4d601b1f27619c8c56b007bf2be917687bfd3ea740a048e921a7f5" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-non-utensil", "workingId": "w1724", "checkedId": 1748, "anchor": "#057157", "anchorName": "biz-gizeyo", "name": "cultivation beyond a single assigned function", "definition": "An ideal of formation in which a person’s judgment is not exhausted by usefulness for one narrowly specified task. Broad cultivation remains distinguishable from either incompetence at practical work or a claim to universal expertise.", "relations": [ 1377, 1388 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "4053f340d8de4d99e307668030cd27c6306eeaf46ffa65aa017ac0605ac9812e" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-quiet-reception", "workingId": "w1725", "checkedId": 1749, "anchor": "#057158", "anchorName": "biz-gicheya", "name": "quiet reception tested through subsequent conduct", "definition": "Distinguishing a learner’s lack of immediate objection from lack of understanding by examining later independent action. Silence in a lesson can have several meanings and should not alone decide the learner’s competence.", "relations": [ 1336 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "c721c83888da2f2fbfb7bd6a1cbf2f56b2d9ba4260cddb3f7043aa0800132b8b" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-reverent-care", "workingId": "w1726", "checkedId": 1750, "anchor": "#057159", "anchorName": "biz-gigheye", "name": "material support distinguished from respectful manner", "definition": "A distinction between providing resources or performing duties for someone and conveying reverence through the manner of that service. The source applies this to parents; provision alone does not exhaust the relation it describes.", "relations": [ 1424 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "37968b4667338462c1edfe7543fd98c32c00a78fdc5677a8823c6c7b8939dd84" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-ritual-inquiry", "workingId": "w1727", "checkedId": 1751, "anchor": "#05715A", "anchorName": "biz-gikheye", "name": "asking as part of competent participation", "definition": "Seeking information about an unfamiliar practice as an expression of proper participation rather than automatically as evidence of incompetence. Knowing how to proceed can include knowing when inquiry is required.", "relations": [ 56, 1336 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "5778f036a97c72776c16132862f69cc1e9371cc5e6b02a8e220b0a9a78052661" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-adaptive-form", "workingId": "w1728", "checkedId": 1752, "anchor": "#05715B", "anchorName": "biz-gipheya", "name": "selective adaptation of inherited ceremony", "definition": "Changing an inherited form when its purpose remains served while retaining another form when the proposed change would express a contrary disposition. Neither universal imitation nor universal resistance determines every case.", "relations": [ 1168, 55 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "0e45f62804315a19c1676bd52e3b4931068f8085983bd8c52e28f72f1c9e4fa7" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-penal-virtue", "workingId": "w1729", "checkedId": 1753, "anchor": "#05715C", "anchorName": "biz-gisheyo", "name": "avoidance of punishment separated from moral formation", "definition": "The Analects contrasts compliance produced by penalties with conduct shaped through exemplary virtue and propriety. Avoiding sanction is distinguished from developing the disposition the instruction seeks.", "relations": [ 1367, 1424 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "af82369e3b7fbe03592028e89e7c1c04e74323de747e3ca85b0a664c09a2744c" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-names-conduct", "workingId": "w1730", "checkedId": 1754, "anchor": "#05715D", "anchorName": "biz-githeyi", "name": "rectified names joined to answerable conduct", "definition": "The Analects links appropriate use of names and speech to actions that can be carried out and judged intelligibly. Its concern is practical and political alignment, not simply substituting a preferred label.", "relations": [ 1435, 45 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "826c4029a6733ea4fa1cc8a589f4bd1a4f893fbb2f2471ffd3303e33d61b11d1" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-unopposed-rule", "workingId": "w1731", "checkedId": 1755, "anchor": "#05715E", "anchorName": "biz-giwheya", "name": "unopposed speech as a danger of authority", "definition": "A condition in which a ruler values freedom from opposition so highly that bad judgments lose an effective route to correction. Agreement with a good statement and inability to contest a bad one are different conditions.", "relations": [ 99, 1186 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "1bac5a57b2742001555a210dbdb529831f6320550f99e30d68a93d27058685ba" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-virtue-learning", "workingId": "w1732", "checkedId": 1756, "anchor": "#05715F", "anchorName": "biz-gizheye", "name": "valued dispositions distorted without learning", "definition": "The Analects presents benevolence, sincerity, boldness and firmness as capable of harmful distortion when severed from learning. Naming a valued trait does not settle whether its uneducated exercise serves its purpose.", "relations": [ 1223, 55 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "8548f0fc458d8c33cc8b813e989233238e2275cd5ab4a51efa8b3050807c4a59" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-trust-remonstrance", "workingId": "w1733", "checkedId": 1757, "anchor": "#057160", "anchorName": "biz-gobeyi", "name": "confidence as a condition of received correction", "definition": "An account in which prior confidence affects whether a challenge is heard as helpful remonstrance or hostile attack. Confidence can enable correction without by itself deciding that the challenge is true.", "relations": [ 48, 99 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "498064978243e8f50ee18035c5c85d1f2cc491b58261a6727a5cb3cd616b15bb" }, { "key": "b50-pg3330-branches-root", "workingId": "w1734", "checkedId": 1758, "anchor": "#057161", "anchorName": "biz-godeyo", "name": "elementary practice disputed as sufficient education", "definition": "A pedagogical disagreement over whether competence in everyday forms supplies a foundation for deeper learning or remains merely its outward branches. The collection preserves competing judgments about sequence and sufficiency.", "relations": [ 1353, 1377 ], "bookId": 3330, "colorAllocation": "b75f9cd89a38db9d9004e54f47430507b862dc242a865979f1fdb80dbd40b86d" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-staged-construction", "workingId": "w1735", "checkedId": 1759, "anchor": "#057162", "anchorName": "biz-gogeyo", "name": "staged construction exposed within a finished example", "definition": "Showing successive construction states and the order of their marks alongside a completed result so a learner can reconstruct the process. Displaying every line at once need not make their dependencies intelligible.", "relations": [ 36, 63 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "f15dfbaf6841f9ed87c16d19708c14549434a0c54e589bc2b46cd47bf609c8a0" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-instrument-play", "workingId": "w1736", "checkedId": 1760, "anchor": "#057163", "anchorName": "biz-goleyi", "name": "unintended instrument motion separated from adjustment", "definition": "Distinguishing motion that deliberately sets an instrument from looseness or lateral play that changes a mark without the intended adjustment. The instrument’s reliability depends on that distinction across its working range.", "relations": [ 1336, 1234 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "f92a743174b3848dc61253705bcd1bad825a438cde45455e2ce96d76792e8fb0" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-pressure-feedback", "workingId": "w1737", "checkedId": 1761, "anchor": "#057164", "anchorName": "biz-gomeye", "name": "yielding tool as an excess-pressure signal", "definition": "A tool arrangement that gives perceptible feedback when applied pressure exceeds a useful level, helping a learner correct the action before damaging the work. Yielding here serves instruction rather than merely indicating failure.", "relations": [ 1352 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "84be65d53231bb004e79ae366a44b6494caf6e236c9efea0baec23a0cb9a816c" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-line-role", "workingId": "w1738", "checkedId": 1762, "anchor": "#057165", "anchorName": "biz-goneya", "name": "line role distinguished from visible resemblance", "definition": "A drawing convention in which similar-looking lines can indicate dimensions, correspondences between views or object boundaries. Correct reading requires identifying the assigned role rather than treating every stroke as an edge of the object.", "relations": [ 1435, 61 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "c7fe97989f7da03f7f00479cfb4a4333a9ecdb1c82d70ce53db2906628903764" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-cutaway", "workingId": "w1739", "checkedId": 1763, "anchor": "#057166", "anchorName": "biz-gopeyi", "name": "section view preserving assembled relationships", "definition": "A representation that exposes internal surfaces through an imagined cut while retaining how parts are assembled. Separate drawings of the parts and an exterior outline need not communicate the same internal relationships.", "relations": [ 63, 1437 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "992dec06f2e1dff55864c610ad0faa2fd89001de102d4d04ee05174b83b289e0" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-hatching", "workingId": "w1740", "checkedId": 1764, "anchor": "#057167", "anchorName": "biz-goreyo", "name": "hatching that distinguishes adjacent components", "definition": "Varying the direction or spacing of section marks to distinguish neighboring pieces in an assembly. The convention separates components without claiming that those marks occur on the physical object.", "relations": [ 1435, 74 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "c6f69c99b4089a682edde7540834c69921d572bcdbe0084c802c8304fb374e18" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-lighting", "workingId": "w1741", "checkedId": 1765, "anchor": "#057168", "anchorName": "biz-goseya", "name": "stipulated lighting as a shape convention", "definition": "A drawing convention that assigns a common lighting direction so heavier and lighter edges communicate surface orientation. The resulting shape cue depends on the convention and does not record actual illumination of the object.", "relations": [ 122, 1437 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "9b26969987ca47cb43766e9adde289dc3cf2ca03a18c118cb6e154b12c08c08e" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-annotation", "workingId": "w1742", "checkedId": 1766, "anchor": "#057169", "anchorName": "biz-goteye", "name": "annotation placement that preserves object legibility", "definition": "Arranging dimensions and their labels so they remain readable while avoiding unnecessary obstruction of the object’s outline. Information quantity and the ease of associating each value with its intended feature are separate design concerns.", "relations": [ 74, 1311 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "75176cd313d432352ac7f772f801b8a49f0ecdb4e1dbebac206ac8d6cfa50eb7" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-perspective-task", "workingId": "w1743", "checkedId": 1767, "anchor": "#05716A", "anchorName": "biz-goveye", "name": "shape-recognition view separated from dimensional specification", "definition": "Choosing a view for immediate understanding of form is distinguished from choosing one to specify dimensions for construction. A visually convincing perspective can serve a different task from a working drawing.", "relations": [ 1403, 63 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "03ea32234da27e73bf2b147984f987ed20a38391b69a6ac85cd3d4a9b7831127" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-scaffold", "workingId": "w1744", "checkedId": 1768, "anchor": "#05716B", "anchorName": "biz-goweya", "name": "instrument fluency before compounded drawing demands", "definition": "A teaching sequence that initially reduces scale-related demands while the learner acquires control of the instruments. Simplification is a temporary scaffold, not a claim that scale is irrelevant to completed work.", "relations": [ 1342, 1359 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "b7626be3896ab83af8479ef21428813c8a7b3054370e4d21cedf282425e74d3d" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-substrate", "workingId": "w1745", "checkedId": 1769, "anchor": "#05716C", "anchorName": "biz-goyeyo", "name": "measurement reference sharing the substrate response", "definition": "Using a reference scale whose response to environmental conditions tracks the drawing substrate, so their changes can remain comparable. The compatibility depends on the materials and conditions rather than on the printed divisions alone.", "relations": [ 1474, 1234 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "eca2a3959e8c1ad49e182d27f4fe6b34c8359c28d52ba3a7517a7df6dbccd590" }, { "key": "b50-pg23319-occlusion", "workingId": "w1746", "checkedId": 1770, "anchor": "#05716D", "anchorName": "biz-gobheyi", "name": "view-dependent visibility of one continuous feature", "definition": "Different views of an object can expose different portions of the same continuous feature. Hidden-line conventions preserve the distinction between a feature’s absence and its occlusion from the selected direction.", "relations": [ 110, 1437 ], "bookId": 23319, "colorAllocation": "99126073555397b3e79941e918effe61eb1f5c793be908fa7266c4610e56dbea" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-plasticity", "workingId": "w1747", "checkedId": 1771, "anchor": "#05716E", "anchorName": "biz-godheya", "name": "plasticity between rigid persistence and disintegration", "definition": "In James’s account, a structure can yield enough to acquire a changed disposition while retaining enough stability to preserve it. Complete rigidity and complete disruption would not support the same kind of acquired habit.", "relations": [ 1353 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "758d08b7aad890188e4db4f1b533b01c128512c9d3cb7a4732379b88295fe4d2" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-automaticity", "workingId": "w1748", "checkedId": 1772, "anchor": "#05716F", "anchorName": "biz-gorheye", "name": "acquired automaticity releasing deliberate attention", "definition": "A previously effortful activity becomes easier to execute with less deliberate supervision through practice. This economizing role of habit is distinct from proving that habitual performance remains appropriate in every later circumstance.", "relations": [ 1353, 1330 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "b795ec1e351d1317c3dcf84d751dccf07b3836c19b3f2cd98436c5b9d0575c8d" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-social-habit", "workingId": "w1749", "checkedId": 1773, "anchor": "#057170", "anchorName": "biz-goceyi", "name": "habit preserving unequal social arrangements", "definition": "A reading distinction that treats habitual roles as capable of maintaining social continuity and entrenching unequal positions at the same time. The historical praise of stability does not by itself justify the arrangement being preserved.", "relations": [ 1367, 128 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "396184205d926c66c30047ab9ffbbff08c635d0af2b612d62e2b6a7526220776" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-thought-object", "workingId": "w1750", "checkedId": 1774, "anchor": "#057171", "anchorName": "biz-gofeyo", "name": "repeated object distinguished from repeated experience", "definition": "James distinguishes thinking again about the same fact from undergoing an identical state of consciousness. Changed context and relations can alter the experience while its intentional object remains recognizable.", "relations": [ 1437, 59 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "5ac85375b679413cb17ba01ba9a14141deddba5b222c170cb008e3804ce0b75c" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-transition", "workingId": "w1751", "checkedId": 1775, "anchor": "#057172", "anchorName": "biz-goheyo", "name": "transitive experience between settled thoughts", "definition": "James’s name for the felt passage and relation between comparatively stable moments of thought. A vocabulary of resting contents alone can omit the directed transition through which one thought becomes another.", "relations": [ 1435, 68 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "1155b819e20e6e77d227202a7e49212887b06454cf006e75acb2d7977d593bd1" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-introspection", "workingId": "w1752", "checkedId": 1776, "anchor": "#057173", "anchorName": "biz-gojeyi", "name": "introspective arrest altering the process observed", "definition": "A difficulty in which stopping a fleeting experience to inspect it changes or replaces the ongoing process. Failure to isolate an unchanged specimen is distinguished from proof that no such process occurred.", "relations": [ 1336, 56 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "debee3bde435f6d915d1ff2a6f68784eb97feb6e1380cee6d123bffe6c90fcf0" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-renewal", "workingId": "w1753", "checkedId": 1777, "anchor": "#057174", "anchorName": "biz-gokeye", "name": "sustained attention through renewed aspects", "definition": "Keeping attention on a topic by finding changing aspects, questions or relations within it. The apparent continuity of attention can consist of successive engagements rather than one unchanging act.", "relations": [ 1311, 1353 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "20b7bba27c5f02e708a80ef04d13ef3cc20d14188583a402df6b20d470cfdaf9" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-interest-effort", "workingId": "w1754", "checkedId": 1778, "anchor": "#057175", "anchorName": "biz-goqeya", "name": "absorbed interest separated from effortful attention", "definition": "Distinguishing prolonged absorption produced by a topic’s unfolding interest from repeatedly bringing attention back through effort. Similar visible duration does not establish the same attentional process.", "relations": [ 1330, 1336 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "805fe64224f6995bb6162f6ae5dccd6c63ce8ed2055a4c9e75d0011c2212a82b" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-prior-question", "workingId": "w1755", "checkedId": 1779, "anchor": "#057176", "anchorName": "biz-goxeyi", "name": "new learning attached to a prior question", "definition": "Introducing material through an existing interest or question so that the new content answers or extends something already active for the learner. Mere novelty and an intelligible place in the learner’s inquiry are different advantages.", "relations": [ 1351, 1311 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "ff30959a20ef019db83906c115f6cffc213d46eb780536747437cff996843fab" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-ideomotor", "workingId": "w1756", "checkedId": 1780, "anchor": "#057177", "anchorName": "biz-gozeyo", "name": "action following an idea without a noticed command", "definition": "In James’s account of ideomotor action, conceiving an action’s sensible effect can be followed by execution without an additional conscious command. The absence of a noticed command does not establish absence of intervening bodily processes.", "relations": [ 55, 1336 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "ccef19d536a08e6e4c3220a7bc5990646bf774b4110a0ce5cbab8aefee172893" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-holding", "workingId": "w1757", "checkedId": 1781, "anchor": "#057178", "anchorName": "biz-gocheya", "name": "volitional effort as holding a difficult consideration", "definition": "James proposes that effortful willing centrally involves keeping a difficult thought present against competing tendencies. This is a theory of the relation between attention and action, not a universal prescription to overcome illness by willpower.", "relations": [ 1424, 56 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "5b87b47bec0807364a103518dc1373831ab9081208573337b7c97caf389fc7e5" }, { "key": "b50-pg55262-correspondence", "workingId": "w1758", "checkedId": 1782, "anchor": "#057179", "anchorName": "biz-gogheye", "name": "psychophysical correspondence separated from explanation", "definition": "A regular correspondence between bodily and conscious states can serve a working scientific assumption without explaining what the relation ultimately is. Alternative metaphysical accounts must not be smuggled into the word corresponds.", "relations": [ 55, 1437 ], "bookId": 55262, "colorAllocation": "f19b677d484a819a00136166d88dda44ba430af09e0564771375c7f914c825c4" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-rehearsed-injury", "workingId": "w1759", "checkedId": 1783, "anchor": "#05717A", "anchorName": "biz-gokheye", "name": "rehearsed injury sustaining hatred", "definition": "The Dhammapada portrays repeated inward rehearsal of having been wronged as a way hatred continues. Recognizing that pattern need not deny that the injury occurred or transfer responsibility for it to the injured person.", "relations": [ 48, 1410 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "0d1e06407e7e0adbc63eaa499103cd6c2ba1245d7e5018dffe039942ba8c1d0f" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-retaliatory-speech", "workingId": "w1760", "checkedId": 1784, "anchor": "#05717B", "anchorName": "biz-gopheya", "name": "harsh speech inviting reciprocal harm", "definition": "A communicative pattern in which an aggressive utterance elicits an answering aggression and enlarges conflict. The source counsels restraint without claiming that the first speaker controls every response.", "relations": [ 49, 128 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "94a59322f9180ce7568c2bd4b00860d725fa5ea142aaebfa34f88bf27a3e10c8" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-small-deeds", "workingId": "w1761", "checkedId": 1785, "anchor": "#05717C", "anchorName": "biz-gosheyo", "name": "ethical accumulation through repeated small acts", "definition": "The Dhammapada’s image of drops filling a vessel treats small beneficial or harmful deeds as consequential through repetition. Smallness of an individual act is distinguished from insignificance of the accumulated pattern.", "relations": [ 1353, 1367 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "f91de84606675b9062f1c835811eea62cae5dc67ad03da2c290e8aad7b381099" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-useful-utterance", "workingId": "w1762", "checkedId": 1786, "anchor": "#05717D", "anchorName": "biz-gotheyi", "name": "instruction judged by effect rather than verbal quantity", "definition": "A distinction between the amount of speech or recitation and the understanding or composure it enables. In the source, a brief meaningful teaching can outrank a large quantity of unfruitful words.", "relations": [ 1311, 1168 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "5c602c9b513c10d9ebae1bc7781d4d6d715fe5aa74f03a22d6d48a3839360039" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-nonviolent-judgment", "workingId": "w1763", "checkedId": 1787, "anchor": "#05717E", "anchorName": "biz-gowheya", "name": "just judgment distinguished from carrying a matter by force", "definition": "The source distinguishes successful coercion from discerning right and wrong and guiding through law and equity. Prevailing in a dispute is not made sufficient evidence that its outcome is just.", "relations": [ 99, 128 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "1e36b6b79f865e83a99a32075b8e2d1fb5f16983636f605e420c1bd3ceb06118" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-noninjuring-support", "workingId": "w1764", "checkedId": 1788, "anchor": "#05717F", "anchorName": "biz-gozheye", "name": "receiving support without injuring its source", "definition": "The bee-and-flower image presents taking sustenance while leaving the source’s form and qualities unharmed as a model for a sage’s presence in a community. The analogy guides conduct without proving that every exchange is harmless.", "relations": [ 122, 43 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "0d0ccff1ea8ae6f16087f8453e2fd27dabb1a47d8372fb105c4481a45035435a" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-shared-vulnerability", "workingId": "w1765", "checkedId": 1789, "anchor": "#057180", "anchorName": "biz-labeyi", "name": "shared vulnerability used as a reason for non-harm", "definition": "The Dhammapada appeals to others’ fear of injury and attachment to life by asking the hearer to recognize likeness with them. An acknowledged common vulnerability becomes a reason not to kill or cause slaughter.", "relations": [ 1399, 43 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "6f0d3f88628f89e00802fb325a8c5cd8ca1459ce00b504a03316ba06391b27bc" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-nontransferable-practice", "workingId": "w1766", "checkedId": 1790, "anchor": "#057181", "anchorName": "biz-ladeyo", "name": "guidance distinguished from another’s liberation practice", "definition": "The source presents teachers as showing a way while requiring effort and purification from the person undertaking it. Instruction and companionship are not represented as substitutes for that person’s practice.", "relations": [ 275, 44 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "c13f83b5f0bec885d93007eb71ea74fa6f300cf3dc4ea720b3b4ae893fd96940" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-root-craving", "workingId": "w1767", "checkedId": 1791, "anchor": "#057182", "anchorName": "biz-lageyo", "name": "removing recurrence conditions rather than visible growth", "definition": "The craving-as-root image distinguishes suppressing an appearance from removing what allows it to return. Its religious application concerns thirst and suffering; broader uses must supply their own evidence about recurrence.", "relations": [ 122, 55 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "d1e587a933481f62edae386bbd3c9faffb082af19adf439d02b4eda69e788d55" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-ethical-title", "workingId": "w1768", "checkedId": 1792, "anchor": "#057183", "anchorName": "biz-laleyi", "name": "ethical title reassigned from descent to conduct", "definition": "The final chapter uses Brahmana as a designation of attained qualities rather than birth or inherited standing alone. This is the text’s evaluative reassignment of a title, not evidence that caste distinctions disappeared socially.", "relations": [ 1411, 128 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "dda08ad5b0d0dac932b99f65931ad9e677b14bdc606325de7b24c270129d5cf2" }, { "key": "b50-pg2017-appearance-purity", "workingId": "w1769", "checkedId": 1793, "anchor": "#057184", "anchorName": "biz-lameye", "name": "outward ascetic signs separated from inward restraint", "definition": "The Dhammapada questions whether hair, clothing or a cleaned exterior establish inward purification. Visible religious signs and the discipline they are taken to signify require separate assessment.", "relations": [ 217, 1435 ], "bookId": 2017, "colorAllocation": "09d386d399d481e5a340c2380674abcc1fa8c84504d2920e46b0c89f136a9fbe" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-penal-label", "workingId": "w1770", "checkedId": 1794, "anchor": "#057185", "anchorName": "biz-laneua", "name": "penal operation behind a protective administrative label", "definition": "Examining whether a system imposes accusation, compulsory control and penalties even when presented as protection or regulation. Its operative powers, rather than its reassuring name alone, determine the procedural questions to ask.", "relations": [ 962, 1435 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "a3fb1d508b8b0942274a5eb034ec84daf0c2e41e48761283ac56ab1d724c3628" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-accusation-severity", "workingId": "w1771", "checkedId": 1795, "anchor": "#057186", "anchorName": "biz-lapeui", "name": "serious accusation strengthening the need for protection", "definition": "A procedural principle refusing to reduce an accused person’s safeguards because the alleged offense is especially heinous. The gravity of possible condemnation is treated as a reason for protection rather than its suspension.", "relations": [ 184, 1019 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "ea016b7db0efc31f4c13796591f1ad8e30390a2440459782491e0197a758fcbe" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-stigmatized-test", "workingId": "w1772", "checkedId": 1796, "anchor": "#057187", "anchorName": "biz-lareuo", "name": "rights tested at the most stigmatized boundary", "definition": "Testing the reliability of a declared system of rights by whether it protects persons whom the community most despises. Selective abandonment can alter the principle claimed for everyone, even before others suffer the same treatment.", "relations": [ 128, 962 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "5411f64a6004970326cc376491b036054807581309889a701d527861c0dfe94e" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-procedural-burden", "workingId": "w1773", "checkedId": 1797, "anchor": "#057188", "anchorName": "biz-laseua", "name": "accusation and trial as burdens before conviction", "definition": "Recognizing that arrest and trial can impose hardship even when followed by acquittal. Protection against frivolous or oppressive accusation therefore addresses harms a correct final verdict alone cannot reverse.", "relations": [ 1019, 51 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "94922b23ce89d7be736efa2de2dad9d50d8c23211fd1c5b21cfb9c1be59e3c56" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-defense-time", "workingId": "w1774", "checkedId": 1798, "anchor": "#057189", "anchorName": "biz-lateue", "name": "specific notice with time to prepare a defense", "definition": "Providing an accused person a definite account of the charge sufficiently before trial to prepare an answer. Notice of a proceeding alone is distinguished from actionable knowledge of what must be answered.", "relations": [ 99, 100 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "545aa9f70cdb7c0d71f1d4272ab590f97a782a4a2d888693a4cdd89ea05037de" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-coerced-submission", "workingId": "w1775", "checkedId": 1799, "anchor": "#05718A", "anchorName": "biz-laveue", "name": "nominal voluntary submission under intimidating conditions", "definition": "A recorded submission can be called voluntary while intimidation or persuasion pressures the person to incriminate herself before trial. The label and signature do not alone establish the conditions of meaningful consent.", "relations": [ 43, 55 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "35593b0cfc86a87c43f8c014313cc519c5f8a62240035352c44e7eaf05afc46c" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-search-purpose", "workingId": "w1776", "checkedId": 1800, "anchor": "#05718B", "anchorName": "biz-laweua", "name": "custodial safety search separated from evidence search", "definition": "The legal opinion quoted by Butler distinguishes a search serving safe custody from bodily examination seeking evidence. Authority justified for one purpose is not assumed to confer every intrusive power useful for another.", "relations": [ 1003, 55 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "7abe3757a4e10ef767a4adf42c82c1fa2746c35a4d08c6796684886c95472c5a" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-redress", "workingId": "w1777", "checkedId": 1801, "anchor": "#05718C", "anchorName": "biz-layeuo", "name": "protection weakened by practically unavailable redress", "definition": "A protection is weakened when a falsely accused or injured person faces arrangements that make effective redress almost impossible. Stated legal standing and a usable path to remedy are distinct parts of protection.", "relations": [ 1019, 99 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "db41e5d36d33f252a1cf65d116ca5998c7bd5b78bee5785dcb99727f13a6edb2" }, { "key": "b50-pg76297-adverse-expert", "workingId": "w1778", "checkedId": 1802, "anchor": "#05718D", "anchorName": "biz-labheui", "name": "supporting expert opinion without shared political allegiance", "definition": "Using a reasoned expert judgment on a bounded question even when its author does not support the wider campaign. Agreement about that question does not establish endorsement of every argument or demand made by the campaign.", "relations": [ 41, 1228 ], "bookId": 76297, "colorAllocation": "8d7f27ef2511c494cd553fcba136201c3c978b5ac1b1401aa6d55855dafd8be0" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-collective-i", "workingId": "w1779", "checkedId": 1803, "anchor": "#05718E", "anchorName": "biz-ladheua", "name": "collective first person across historical lives", "definition": "A poetic speaker uses I to gather labor, song and injury across different historical lives. The continuity is an expressive construction of collective presence, not a claim that one biological individual witnessed every episode.", "relations": [ 110, 1403 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "a70a3785a86b4541d19c944058a65b2fcf9f4b56b56e55c8f4a380c2970dad0c" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-rivers", "workingId": "w1780", "checkedId": 1804, "anchor": "#05718F", "anchorName": "biz-larheue", "name": "historical depth figured through connected rivers", "definition": "In the river poem, geographically distant waters join ancient life, labor and emancipation-associated memory into the speaker’s depth. The image connects histories without supplying a literal travel itinerary or one exhaustive history of those places.", "relations": [ 122, 68 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "5173c6fec5fe95fb9d10bef60f9f8fd1fd0ac062b9742c104405cc827e919303" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-oral-witness", "workingId": "w1781", "checkedId": 1805, "anchor": "#057190", "anchorName": "biz-laceui", "name": "life testimony recognized outside the book", "definition": "A narrated listener distinguishes stories grounded in a teller’s lived experience from stories acquired from books. Oral intimacy supplies a relation to witness without automatically verifying every remembered detail.", "relations": [ 59, 1198 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "e3f6400f41a54a9e578a48eaae08da42dba9ddd40a050cd1b1ffd7217fb5f494" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-blues-endurance", "workingId": "w1782", "checkedId": 1806, "anchor": "#057191", "anchorName": "biz-lafeuo", "name": "musical expression without completed relief", "definition": "A performance can give form to grief while leaving the performer’s distress unresolved after the song ends. Expressing pain and being released from it are different outcomes.", "relations": [ 120, 123 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "e55efb68cdd2a534c204e565846f8c68b183b1ed21a5a2815ae11c9b819288bb" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-layered-voices", "workingId": "w1783", "checkedId": 1807, "anchor": "#057192", "anchorName": "biz-laheuo", "name": "typographic interleaving of simultaneous voices", "definition": "A poem alternates differently marked verbal streams so a song and a conversation occupy the same scene. Their juxtaposition communicates overlap without making every phrase one speaker’s consecutive assertion.", "relations": [ 110, 1435 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "5552ce0c19d2ad15aaad0e4713ace1f0ea5e3f5ad995fb712e718a50ca9efb19" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-mixed-affect", "workingId": "w1784", "checkedId": 1808, "anchor": "#057193", "anchorName": "biz-lajeui", "name": "laughter carried beside a blues complaint", "definition": "A poetic sequence places laughter, a complaint of abandonment and an imagined departure together. The laughter does not establish absence of pain, and the complaint does not exhaust the scene’s affective range.", "relations": [ 120, 123 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "44a33eeefd1c334ee5d340fd162d57aff7e0c537ac928a6a9679d832b702142b" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-blocked-dream", "workingId": "w1785", "checkedId": 1809, "anchor": "#057194", "anchorName": "biz-lakeue", "name": "racialized obstruction figured as a wall before a dream", "definition": "A poetic wall grows between a speaker and a remembered aspiration, then becomes the object of a demand to break through. The image retains socially situated obstruction rather than treating every frustrated dream as insufficient personal effort.", "relations": [ 122, 1377 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "5c644b7841b4de119e1757529f23bcd64030d12af3f6f92f6e26aa134c20782d" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-migration", "workingId": "w1786", "checkedId": 1810, "anchor": "#057195", "anchorName": "biz-laqeua", "name": "departure from a beloved place that refuses belonging", "definition": "A speaker can remain drawn to a place’s beauty while leaving because it rejects and harms them. The hoped-for destination is a possibility under comparison, not an already proven refuge.", "relations": [ 128, 56 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "8320905e796aa78e6ee76034e2e9e6fef85393349565731ba8c8d90786c1bfaa" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-dream-shelter", "workingId": "w1787", "checkedId": 1811, "anchor": "#057196", "anchorName": "biz-laxeui", "name": "protective custody of vulnerable aspirations", "definition": "The dream-keeper image offers to shelter another’s fragile hopes from a harsh world. Protection is expressed as holding and care, not as ownership of the dream or a guarantee of its realization.", "relations": [ 43, 44 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "0eeedcd8a39fd05e290c9b323c46169dc0d2f3e8234c04ed0788db43d6fe0309" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-unequal-inheritance", "workingId": "w1788", "checkedId": 1812, "anchor": "#057197", "anchorName": "biz-lazeuo", "name": "mixed parentage confronting unequal inherited belonging", "definition": "A poetic speaker places parents’ unequal material circumstances beside uncertainty about their own racialized place and future. Reconciliation with parents does not settle the social hierarchy inherited through the scene.", "relations": [ 128, 89 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "deff0add218a984c4ec7717c3df0e6eca71b4d6c957f5abcdaba3aa7bb67f8af" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-maternal-endurance", "workingId": "w1789", "checkedId": 1813, "anchor": "#057198", "anchorName": "biz-lacheua", "name": "unfinished endurance offered as intergenerational counsel", "definition": "A mother’s stair metaphor counsels continued effort from a life still being lived through difficulty. Her persistence offers testimony and encouragement without claiming that the path has become safe, fair or complete.", "relations": [ 122, 91 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "a8e2e4459f3420962a96f8dc2b12b7f77156f27ec82d9fc2fd806ffb9c09e75d" }, { "key": "b50-pg74745-future-table", "workingId": "w1790", "checkedId": 1814, "anchor": "#057199", "anchorName": "biz-lagheue", "name": "present belonging asserted through a future shared table", "definition": "The closing poem places exclusion from a common meal beside a claim of existing national belonging and anticipated public recognition. A promised future seat challenges current arrangements without reporting that equal participation has already arrived.", "relations": [ 89, 104 ], "bookId": 74745, "colorAllocation": "bbd3bbc2556fd1ec6fe3a387b6138dc1ae59bb001ad24b7fea86333bb126029e" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-physical-domain", "workingId": "w1791", "checkedId": 1815, "anchor": "#05719A", "anchorName": "biz-lakheue", "name": "physical process domain across political boundaries", "definition": "Choosing the boundaries of an inquiry from connected land, water, air and living distributions rather than automatically following political divisions. This analytic choice does not erase political authority or human responsibility.", "relations": [ 47, 75 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "ba8b80f01ff3688a24ac3a180c1f6a4a007af32d68969b93c6d3cb54d48b6d7a" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-stratal-trace", "workingId": "w1792", "checkedId": 1816, "anchor": "#05719B", "anchorName": "biz-lapheua", "name": "past conditions inferred from displaced material traces", "definition": "Reading deposits, ripple marks or remains now found in a different setting as evidence of earlier conditions and transformations. The trace and the proposed history inferred from it remain distinct.", "relations": [ 59, 55 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "39f492572c34b515f78357f912d11bd7bd3cb28049373e6093e763e608fbec68" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-deposition-clock", "workingId": "w1793", "checkedId": 1817, "anchor": "#05719C", "anchorName": "biz-lasheuo", "name": "time estimate conditional on an accumulation rate", "definition": "Estimating a duration from accumulated material and an assumed rate while retaining whether deposition was uniform, interrupted or repeatedly reworked. A numerical result cannot be detached from those temporal assumptions.", "relations": [ 55, 1475 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "87598607ffc518e4eb29eb1d3e87069d5e6e775279123e20fa87c847fb1951ab" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-water-partition", "workingId": "w1794", "checkedId": 1818, "anchor": "#05719D", "anchorName": "biz-latheui", "name": "returning water divided among storage and circulation paths", "definition": "A water-cycle account distinguishes returned precipitation entering the air, living uses, streams and subsurface stores. A shared input can follow several paths whose timing and later availability differ.", "relations": [ 75, 1255 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "3e31ce3ee2452fc8d009805db8cc5a443f5250e9b8bf435ac4e31d4070d842d3" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-reservoir-threshold", "workingId": "w1795", "checkedId": 1819, "anchor": "#05719E", "anchorName": "biz-lawheua", "name": "intermittent discharge from a replenishing reservoir", "definition": "A flow can stop when storage falls below an outlet and resume after replenishment reaches it. Intermittent output need not imply that the supplying process has ceased altogether.", "relations": [ 1237, 1442 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "66d38e1b6e19de6fa8e97c2783fc1d01e13bda56a3d2e71ff33024b10b6f4183" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-advected-heat", "workingId": "w1796", "checkedId": 1820, "anchor": "#05719F", "anchorName": "biz-lazheue", "name": "heat transported with a moving body of water", "definition": "A current carries heat beyond the place where the water acquired it, connecting local conditions to remote circulation. The concept separates transported energy from heating supplied locally at the observed place.", "relations": [ 75, 47 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "cf068d9516e64301d795a634469717d1a02c6bf10fab6aa1a72800f35c11caff" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-seasonal-storage", "workingId": "w1797", "checkedId": 1821, "anchor": "#0571A0", "anchorName": "biz-lebeui", "name": "stored seasonal heat moderating later conditions", "definition": "An account in which energy received during one period is retained and released later, shifting the relation between current input and current temperature. Storage and timing are necessary parts of the comparison.", "relations": [ 75, 1475 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "30302871e26d35ae8652bd4f3ca5878e1451647f048ab1be465dfce553496c9b" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-depth-boundary", "workingId": "w1798", "checkedId": 1822, "anchor": "#0571A1", "anchorName": "biz-ledeuo", "name": "observed depth separated from extrapolated interior", "definition": "Distinguishing measured conditions over accessible depths from a continuation of their trend into unobserved regions. An extrapolation can guide a hypothesis while remaining outside the depth directly examined.", "relations": [ 56, 55 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "276381ae7a81af514d8d6147104fa0b3e0b1bb685a19ab4ee3e8252267567e3b" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-isotherm-window", "workingId": "w1799", "checkedId": 1823, "anchor": "#0571A2", "anchorName": "biz-legeuo", "name": "equal-temperature contours with a stated averaging window", "definition": "Connecting places with the same averaged temperature on a map requires specifying whether the average concerns a year, a season or another interval. Matching one average does not identify all local temperature histories.", "relations": [ 1474, 1437 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "5cb54899c5a49799dd82b863053eb285d03f38ad2a39608ea6acf2c269a6850c" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-community-relation", "workingId": "w1800", "checkedId": 1824, "anchor": "#0571A3", "anchorName": "biz-leleui", "name": "habitat alteration changing relations among survivors", "definition": "Changing a habitat can remove some occupants while altering the relationships among those that remain. Counting losses alone does not capture the reorganization of the continuing community.", "relations": [ 1276, 75 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "31c23ab12c673b4946c42fb0c3c2e1ca528d91fc105ca853c8a76e48813ffd04" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-transport-introduction", "workingId": "w1801", "checkedId": 1825, "anchor": "#0571A4", "anchorName": "biz-lemeue", "name": "unintended biological introduction along human routes", "definition": "Organisms can enter new regions through transport materials, canals or movements intended for other purposes. Human introduction is not restricted to species deliberately brought for cultivation or use.", "relations": [ 1297, 75 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "0e9d839581bc4ef143649d40f63993c169339049cdb25293d3fb668944adf754" }, { "key": "b50-pg61652-aggregate-choice", "workingId": "w1802", "checkedId": 1826, "anchor": "#0571A5", "anchorName": "biz-leneya", "name": "aggregate regularity separated from an account of free choice", "definition": "A stable count across repeated populations can prompt a theory about human action, but the regularity and the claimed explanation of individual freedom are different statements. A repeated total does not itself expose each person’s reasons or possibilities.", "relations": [ 55, 56 ], "bookId": 61652, "colorAllocation": "fb2c3a7ccec2e96be5f5a3c0a1247b2d46151a3e82a014f433e6c11bad3e6ae7" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-posterity", "workingId": "w1803", "checkedId": 1827, "anchor": "#0571A6", "anchorName": "biz-lepeyi", "name": "present delegation separated from ownership of posterity", "definition": "Paine distinguishes authority delegated by present constituents from an assumed power to determine government forever for later generations. The latter cannot be inferred merely from the former’s legitimacy.", "relations": [ 54, 51 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "90b604eadcffc7269bd0833f438e36eecd4cdfac3f8c51a60dad7530dfe26513" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-moderate-despot", "workingId": "w1804", "checkedId": 1828, "anchor": "#0571A7", "anchorName": "biz-lereyo", "name": "moderate ruler separated from restrained institutions", "definition": "A ruler’s temporary moderation can leave intact powers through which a successor may act despotically. Beneficial personal conduct and durable alteration of the governing structure are separate achievements.", "relations": [ 45, 55 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "c0b58a8be5e486ca0dac5a4555700a22e566c0054cc2b31ef65fc02e26a87ac6" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-distributed-despotism", "workingId": "w1805", "checkedId": 1829, "anchor": "#0571A8", "anchorName": "biz-leseya", "name": "despotism reproduced through subordinate offices", "definition": "Paine depicts domination dispersed through offices and customs, sometimes acting under a claim merely to obey. Removing or moderating the visible ruler need not remove every subordinate practice through which domination operates.", "relations": [ 54, 1367 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "62af82005e85d876597b7d9961177431effe976eacc03aa0967ad9c49415ce54" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-pooled-right", "workingId": "w1806", "checkedId": 1830, "anchor": "#0571A9", "anchorName": "biz-leteye", "name": "pooled enforcement power bounded by retained rights", "definition": "In Paine’s account, people combine powers inadequate for individual redress while retaining rights that the resulting civil power must not invade. Greater collective capacity does not become unlimited permission over its contributors.", "relations": [ 40, 43 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "03223fd817b353200c5e9dca2db078d9f393edc93a2287e16eeff75990558aec" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-constituent", "workingId": "w1807", "checkedId": 1831, "anchor": "#0571AA", "anchorName": "biz-leveye", "name": "constituting authority separated from ordinary government", "definition": "Distinguishing the authority that establishes a government’s governing terms from officials exercising powers under those terms. Holding office does not by itself confer ownership of the constitution or unrestricted authority to alter it.", "relations": [ 54, 55 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "ffa1442136ec980015ff7b9c8728482f2f8c13e18e4105552eb2749bc6081ae5" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-amendment", "workingId": "w1808", "checkedId": 1832, "anchor": "#0571AB", "anchorName": "biz-leweya", "name": "constitutional change through a specified amendment route", "definition": "A constitution can provide a way to alter its own arrangements in light of experience while distinguishing that route from ordinary officials’ discretionary revisions. Durability and revisability become jointly designed conditions.", "relations": [ 51, 57 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "a27e396188e2a1b990ca29113cfddbde549742862c2c6a5c0832f0828acead5c" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-criticism", "workingId": "w1809", "checkedId": 1833, "anchor": "#0571AC", "anchorName": "biz-leyeyo", "name": "criticism of a law distinguished from its violation", "definition": "Reasoning about a law’s defects and seeking repeal is distinguished from refusing compliance with it. Paine argues for preserving critical examination even where he counsels obedience while reform is pursued.", "relations": [ 41, 99 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "77b8230c1b104c49c188ebf3265fe6886840f70c85c7c82d564d0d6a3d8a39a5" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-hereditary-fit", "workingId": "w1810", "checkedId": 1834, "anchor": "#0571AD", "anchorName": "biz-lebheyi", "name": "inherited office separated from qualification to perform it", "definition": "An office requiring judgment and ability cannot derive evidence of those capacities merely from descent. The allocation of a title and the presence of the skills its work requires are different questions.", "relations": [ 1336, 1411 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "694ecc0fd671ff6d58bd7e43712641b2c5b0a2a1c54e30f29e3ff0dde763feaf" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-false-choice", "workingId": "w1811", "checkedId": 1835, "anchor": "#0571AE", "anchorName": "biz-ledheya", "name": "ranking two defects without exhausting possible institutions", "definition": "Judging one flawed arrangement better than another does not establish that those arrangements exhaust the available alternatives. Comparative preference can acknowledge a defect while leaving a broader design question open.", "relations": [ 55, 51 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "93cffbd7f784e98198e89c6fe4563bb0ad8bc57c2c6037371f14720f02228a21" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-relief-cost", "workingId": "w1812", "checkedId": 1836, "anchor": "#0571AF", "anchorName": "biz-lerheye", "name": "relief expenditure separated from relief reaching recipients", "definition": "Public money nominally assigned to relieving poverty can be consumed by litigation or administration that burdens the intended recipients. Total spending and actual alleviation require separate accounting.", "relations": [ 1380, 1333 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "44599809a8e88e2fd6c36c00f29d50736364346b47638ad3d1dff46c53ff8556" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-embedded-tax", "workingId": "w1813", "checkedId": 1837, "anchor": "#0571B0", "anchorName": "biz-leceyi", "name": "tax burden obscured within purchase prices", "definition": "A person may experience higher prices without separately recognizing the tax component embodied in what they buy. Perceived expense and identified public contribution need not be the same measurement.", "relations": [ 55, 1474 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "32a1d56a54ec49221b58c69bdaa5cfd62d18784e1ca97721049dee9e32293f68" }, { "key": "b50-pg3742-local-school", "workingId": "w1814", "checkedId": 1838, "anchor": "#0571B1", "anchorName": "biz-lefeyo", "name": "educational availability constrained by travel costs", "definition": "Instruction offered in a distant location may remain practically inaccessible because travel consumes time and resources. Nominal admission and locally usable educational opportunity are distinct conditions.", "relations": [ 1377, 1388 ], "bookId": 3742, "colorAllocation": "d18c6491764c566b8c0d04c7c9dc48bdedf4ae6cc560ff7a68063ddd66376f0f" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-grief-display", "workingId": "w1815", "checkedId": 1839, "anchor": "#0571B2", "anchorName": "biz-leheyo", "name": "inward grief distinguished from performable signs", "definition": "Hamlet distinguishes his grief from clothing, tears and gestures that another person could perform. Outward signs can communicate mourning without exhausting or conclusively proving the inward state.", "relations": [ 120, 1403 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "322d61d24058204d08b2371fc5836f3dd2faee272d9a556b950321be1616e401" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-memory-command", "workingId": "w1816", "checkedId": 1840, "anchor": "#0571B3", "anchorName": "biz-lejeyi", "name": "memory reorganized around an inherited command", "definition": "A remembered demand is given priority so complete that the speaker imagines erasing other records of learning and experience. Fidelity to the command can thereby narrow what remains available to judgment.", "relations": [ 68, 55 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "c12159626ef545269de324092c2c94b2957123e2d197af687cd75cbb61061ffc" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-feigned-state", "workingId": "w1817", "checkedId": 1841, "anchor": "#0571B4", "anchorName": "biz-lekeye", "name": "announced performance separated from a full diagnosis", "definition": "A character announces an intention to perform an altered demeanor, but that announcement does not settle the meaning of every later action or establish the absence of real distress. Performance plan and psychological explanation remain distinct.", "relations": [ 109, 56 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "7406038a0c3ea3e33639a20212ea10813fd7c8b68defb3390c7d22c1ccf0755b" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-dramatic-probe", "workingId": "w1818", "checkedId": 1842, "anchor": "#0571B5", "anchorName": "biz-leqeya", "name": "staged resemblance used to probe concealed guilt", "definition": "Hamlet arranges a scene resembling an alleged crime to observe a suspect’s reaction. The performance is a proposed evidential probe; a visible reaction alone does not become a general proof procedure for guilt.", "relations": [ 1248, 55 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "2fb110e2bca4272c320f88d6358166041edaa510ffcb40aa0de3b9643400f923" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-joint-observation", "workingId": "w1819", "checkedId": 1843, "anchor": "#0571B6", "anchorName": "biz-lexeyi", "name": "separate observations brought together before judgment", "definition": "Two observers attend to the same consequential event and then compare their judgments. Shared attention can support scrutiny while still requiring examination of their expectations, dependence and possible common bias.", "relations": [ 99, 184 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "e8a2f46e891ee94818f62bd32779aac3db713dbb14c7a9a091b820a78498e3a6" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-dramatic-asymmetry", "workingId": "w1820", "checkedId": 1844, "anchor": "#0571B7", "anchorName": "biz-lezeyo", "name": "audience knowledge exceeding a character’s inference", "definition": "A dramatic arrangement gives the audience access to a speaker’s inward account that another character lacks. The character’s reading of an outward act can therefore be tested against information unavailable within that encounter.", "relations": [ 110, 109 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "ab081e600a20fb2cc3d9af4bcbff152d6dc4b2157fc764d0945b834c91ed51dc" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-retained-benefits", "workingId": "w1821", "checkedId": 1845, "anchor": "#0571B8", "anchorName": "biz-lecheya", "name": "repentance obstructed by retaining the fruits of wrongdoing", "definition": "Claudius questions whether pardon can be sought while he keeps the gains for which he committed the wrong. Wishing for release from guilt is distinguished from relinquishing the position sustained by the offense.", "relations": [ 57, 1223 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "6847c7b2e901969ba023cf1e44151eeb2beed68b4935f0cdc75a056b28c4aabd" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-instrument-person", "workingId": "w1822", "checkedId": 1846, "anchor": "#0571B9", "anchorName": "biz-legheye", "name": "resisting treatment as a playable instrument", "definition": "Hamlet’s recorder comparison challenges another’s claim to manipulate his responses while lacking even the skill to play a simple instrument. The protest distinguishes encounter with a person from mastery of a predictable set of controls.", "relations": [ 44, 89 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "9493b8af1c76dda7addba37c9f5f629751e56319823655bd887af6d3f0fc6d29" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-identity-after-strike", "workingId": "w1823", "checkedId": 1847, "anchor": "#0571BA", "anchorName": "biz-lekheye", "name": "irreversible action preceding identification of its target", "definition": "An actor commits violence before establishing who is concealed, then discovers the target afterward. Later recognition cannot restore the evidential check that the irreversible act bypassed.", "relations": [ 51, 55 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "eae3f5bb714034ff4a4ced5c6e4511c1537ea8459d830b16ad0a10813eb1b1b2" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-readiness", "workingId": "w1824", "checkedId": 1848, "anchor": "#0571BB", "anchorName": "biz-lepheya", "name": "readiness distinguished from knowledge of an outcome", "definition": "Hamlet’s final readiness answers uncertainty about timing with a disposition to meet events. It is not foreknowledge of what will happen, and the dramatic context leaves its practical wisdom open to judgment.", "relations": [ 56, 51 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "61481b139272d2ac940c806a32aca4a9aa4861e76908a5019445f959c5e4681b" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-pardon-honor", "workingId": "w1825", "checkedId": 1849, "anchor": "#0571BC", "anchorName": "biz-lesheyo", "name": "personal conciliation separated from public honor settlement", "definition": "Laertes distinguishes an inward response to an apology from the further public assurance he says his honor requires. The stated distinction does not prove sincerity or mean that reconciliation has been completed.", "relations": [ 41, 49 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "2a8d191145bdd195a317101217047fcbc3d482c58e12ddd8381750a32f5c856a" }, { "key": "b50-pg1524-surviving-witness", "workingId": "w1826", "checkedId": 1850, "anchor": "#0571BD", "anchorName": "biz-letheyi", "name": "survival entrusted with reporting an unfinished cause", "definition": "A dying speaker asks a witness to remain alive and give an intelligible account to those left unsatisfied. The request makes continuity of the record a responsibility without guaranteeing the eventual account’s completeness or neutrality.", "relations": [ 91, 59 ], "bookId": 1524, "colorAllocation": "5aea0bb02ce968e7f2223cd5b0fbce550f2fba8a19458f1914e6543f1c9ef946" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-use-exchange", "workingId": "w1827", "checkedId": 1851, "anchor": "#0571BE", "anchorName": "biz-lewheya", "name": "use-value distinguished from exchange equivalence", "definition": "In Marx’s analysis, an object’s capacity to meet particular wants differs from the quantitative relation in which it exchanges with other objects. Equal exchange values do not make the objects interchangeable for every practical use.", "relations": [ 1437, 1442 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "af1cf3ad42c4bb006c0d3582fdac8d182d36a86df28de1e27152fc03158b26ae" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-abstract-labor", "workingId": "w1828", "checkedId": 1852, "anchor": "#0571BF", "anchorName": "biz-lezheye", "name": "abstract labor as a social reduction of different work", "definition": "Marx treats qualitatively different labors as made comparable in the social form expressed by exchange value. This reduction is part of his theory of commodity production, not a denial that workers and concrete tasks differ.", "relations": [ 1437, 89 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "13a994ce7068ee359d2f9cbf774293db01065cc89ce4a3ebe4b9be26518c6177" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-necessary-time", "workingId": "w1829", "checkedId": 1853, "anchor": "#0571C0", "anchorName": "biz-libeyi", "name": "necessary production time distinguished from individual elapsed effort", "definition": "Within Marx’s account of value, relevant labor time is that required to reproduce a commodity under general production conditions. An individual’s unusually long effort is not by itself the same measure.", "relations": [ 1474, 55 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "747b2b7a2f3a90a3c385c7c6580e3d6dbeffebbe04f953d47d6affae3e30aa13" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-material-history", "workingId": "w1830", "checkedId": 1854, "anchor": "#0571C1", "anchorName": "biz-lideyo", "name": "useful properties concealing production relations", "definition": "An object can reveal its useful properties without revealing the social relations through which it was produced. The same sensory or practical quality can occur under different systems of labor and ownership.", "relations": [ 59, 1437 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "d3713933ce8e330fb709346b608ffb066b20c14c2952669a9ea67589255ae0c0" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-thing-relation", "workingId": "w1831", "checkedId": 1855, "anchor": "#0571C2", "anchorName": "biz-ligeyo", "name": "relations among people appearing as relations among things", "definition": "Marx describes a form in which the social relation of producers is encountered as an exchange relation of their products. Treating that appearance as a natural property of things can conceal the social organization involved.", "relations": [ 1435, 59 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "ef1ea374158fc6ef3cfc92b8c48b2a2b9524695a1c0539838be3f7c7d1f34fce" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-labor-matter", "workingId": "w1832", "checkedId": 1856, "anchor": "#0571C3", "anchorName": "biz-lileyi", "name": "productive labor requiring a material substratum", "definition": "The argument distinguishes labor’s contribution to useful wealth from the claim that labor alone supplies all its material conditions. Transformative activity presupposes materials with which it works.", "relations": [ 1255, 75 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "f649ebd936b0e808d09f873be868b3845c9fe11d12c6b6183eb85cb55fdfc1df" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-price-realization", "workingId": "w1833", "checkedId": 1857, "anchor": "#0571C4", "anchorName": "biz-limeye", "name": "stated price separated from realized sale", "definition": "A monetary price can express an intended exchange before a buyer actually completes it. Marx’s analysis treats sale as a consequential transition, not as something already accomplished by attaching a money name to an object.", "relations": [ 55, 1442 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "1ed6ebed46335402fff6a3f98825aaaa9110e3ac11ef2bcd2b0fd745c2de9cae" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-circulation-purpose", "workingId": "w1834", "checkedId": 1858, "anchor": "#0571C5", "anchorName": "biz-lineua", "name": "circulation distinguished by what becomes its end", "definition": "Marx contrasts selling in order to obtain another useful commodity with buying in order to return to money. Similar exchanges occupy different roles when the starting point and pursued end are changed.", "relations": [ 1435, 45 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "e681b2a063847fc6b2ece5cb6f5f81f5bf1524dfe93f38cdf91cbec68214f473" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-net-settlement", "workingId": "w1835", "checkedId": 1859, "anchor": "#0571C6", "anchorName": "biz-lipeui", "name": "gross obligations distinguished from net settlement demand", "definition": "When reciprocal payments can offset one another, the money required to settle the remaining balance differs from the sum of all obligations. Concentration, timing and the ability to clear matter to the comparison.", "relations": [ 1474, 1442 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "6f144ed17ae635d9d95118866f8c1218b10d996bbe919e772e5362c071e3250c" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-settlement-fragility", "workingId": "w1836", "checkedId": 1860, "anchor": "#0571C7", "anchorName": "biz-lireuo", "name": "payment interruption turning accounting balances into cash demands", "definition": "In Marx’s crisis account, a disruption of linked settlements can transform claims normally offset or recorded into urgent demands for actual payment. The functioning clearance arrangement and its breakdown impose different liquidity conditions.", "relations": [ 81, 83 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "8c7c7230137369c1e643c9c21f8bc2076852f48f092cc37409c4d71f03b6f369" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-concrete-reconstruction", "workingId": "w1837", "checkedId": 1861, "anchor": "#0571C8", "anchorName": "biz-liseua", "name": "concrete understanding reconstructed through differentiated relations", "definition": "A method that moves from an initially undifferentiated whole through simpler relations and back to a more articulated account of that whole. Reproducing the object in thought is distinguished from causing its existence.", "relations": [ 67, 1437 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "0229bf649450e2ee9b20809f9ec52401989b36ec33df55ee60690a6d1c1f7fd3" }, { "key": "b50-pg46423-historical-category", "workingId": "w1838", "checkedId": 1862, "anchor": "#0571C9", "anchorName": "biz-liteue", "name": "general category with historically specific realization", "definition": "A category can name something across many periods while acquiring its fullest practical meaning under particular social conditions. Broad verbal applicability does not remove the history of how the abstraction becomes operative.", "relations": [ 55, 1437 ], "bookId": 46423, "colorAllocation": "cf8bf5a6cbc6e975a9a285c83a49dc831af62a8c9cd5c0fc319cf2deaebd4b67" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-net-rate", "workingId": "w1839", "checkedId": 1863, "anchor": "#0571CA", "anchorName": "biz-liveue", "name": "published freight rate distinguished from effective cost", "definition": "A publicly stated transport charge can differ from the shipper’s effective cost when a later private refund returns part of the payment. Equal published tariffs therefore do not establish equal treatment.", "relations": [ 1474, 55 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "4c4c87a36f6c7d846d2cc62ba5d4833ca4e6458224bd10a8f82c95e35526f779" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-rival-drawback", "workingId": "w1840", "checkedId": 1864, "anchor": "#0571CB", "anchorName": "biz-liweua", "name": "a competitor’s shipment subsidizing its rival", "definition": "A transport arrangement can grant one firm not only a refund on its own shipments but a payment on shipments made by outsiders. The rival’s participation then directly finances the privileged firm.", "relations": [ 1442, 128 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "c5670a59e0b3522b2e9e0add736f9cde7ef0f770cf5a0ffcbc638e3b3448febb" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-scale-condition", "workingId": "w1841", "checkedId": 1865, "anchor": "#0571CC", "anchorName": "biz-liyeuo", "name": "equal terms conditioned on already possessing scale", "definition": "An offer of equal advantages can require outsiders to possess the volume and facilities that unequal advantages help an incumbent accumulate. Nominal eligibility can coexist with a difficult path to satisfying its conditions.", "relations": [ 55, 104 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "53673a6b13ec786de4a51915823fa7c65057ea0f8a5a16df894f9c563b8c6ff7" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-shipment-visibility", "workingId": "w1842", "checkedId": 1866, "anchor": "#0571CD", "anchorName": "biz-libheui", "name": "transport records giving one trader visibility into rivals", "definition": "Access to a carrier’s shipment records can reveal competitors’ customers, quantities and destinations to a favored trader. Operational information held by an intermediary thereby becomes a competitive advantage for one participant.", "relations": [ 82, 59 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "25c7fbd8ba9a2eaeddb333dfe461c8f8db63cb2a78a7859648cba01f8e9a4611" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-supply-gate", "workingId": "w1843", "checkedId": 1867, "anchor": "#0571CE", "anchorName": "biz-lidheua", "name": "a supplier-competitor controlling an essential route", "definition": "When a producer also controls the transport on which competing producers depend, it can influence whether and where they obtain necessary inputs. Formal carrier obligations and practically available access may diverge.", "relations": [ 40, 80 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "88288303cdc4ab7ca42c59cc2becbe0afe1e687524b3fea5dcac04bea2c1d276" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-remedy-time", "workingId": "w1844", "checkedId": 1868, "anchor": "#0571CF", "anchorName": "biz-lirheue", "name": "commercial survival shorter than the remedy process", "definition": "A party may possess a plausible claim to access while lacking enough time or resources to survive the delay required to enforce it. Eventual legal success is distinct from an effective remedy before a business fails.", "relations": [ 51, 83 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "9e9d7d641a3be1465201ac00e98137de0b7db087c5640caa6c1c2b69a591a435" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-privilege-refusal", "workingId": "w1845", "checkedId": 1869, "anchor": "#0571D0", "anchorName": "biz-liceui", "name": "refusing a private exception in pursuit of equal terms", "definition": "A participant seeking removal of a discriminatory arrangement can reject an offer to share its privileges. The desired remedy changes the common rule rather than admitting another beneficiary to the exception.", "relations": [ 89, 962 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "114dd2d2178e6eb58442401c8f97f92a100c2aea6e1dbe9db03ccfcf7d941080" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-formal-dissolution", "workingId": "w1846", "checkedId": 1870, "anchor": "#0571D1", "anchorName": "biz-lifeuo", "name": "dissolution of form without dispersion of control", "definition": "An organization can alter its legal instruments while substantially retaining the ownership proportions, management and distribution of earnings that coordinated it. A formal dissolution therefore requires examination of continuing practical control.", "relations": [ 55, 57 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "c990f595e3e6eb66349aefd4a2e2945ae6975d6982aa282d99f455494e8e3c0f" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-ban-continuity", "workingId": "w1847", "checkedId": 1871, "anchor": "#0571D2", "anchorName": "biz-liheuo", "name": "a prohibited practice continuing through changed arrangements", "definition": "Ending a named contract or form of preference does not alone establish that its unequal effects have ended. Later arrangements must be examined for the same underlying access or cost advantage, without assuming every successor is equivalent.", "relations": [ 57, 99 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "0b31b6caeb041c7b7d933168f7461da7a8e9491401438a8d9927b3e15e329878" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-competence-justice", "workingId": "w1848", "checkedId": 1872, "anchor": "#0571D3", "anchorName": "biz-lijeui", "name": "organizational competence distinguished from competitive justice", "definition": "Tarbell credits coordinated information, reliable service and economic skill while criticizing exclusionary privilege. Recognizing operational competence need not excuse unfair methods; condemning those methods need not deny the competence.", "relations": [ 128, 56 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "c531d8a73cfea1a51983b51b8b049a5bd782f481f7e97625d15bfc2d5598f60c" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-saving-transmission", "workingId": "w1849", "checkedId": 1873, "anchor": "#0571D4", "anchorName": "biz-likeue", "name": "production economies distinguished from consumer benefit", "definition": "A business can reduce its costs without automatically passing the saving to buyers. Explaining lower prices requires examining how savings, competitive pressure and pricing decisions interact, rather than treating consolidation alone as the cause.", "relations": [ 55, 1226 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "536f0662ec996371effd511830e76086d0fe1a2ac03f25dee86a3ec9a9d6e373" }, { "key": "b50-pg60692-charity-rights", "workingId": "w1850", "checkedId": 1874, "anchor": "#0571D5", "anchorName": "biz-liqeua", "name": "private generosity distinguished from respect for others’ rights", "definition": "Charitable conduct and personal restraint do not by themselves establish fair treatment in a person’s commercial relations. Tarbell’s portrait holds generosity and exclusionary privilege together rather than allowing one domain to certify the other.", "relations": [ 217, 128 ], "bookId": 60692, "colorAllocation": "e512f6803f4b97316c1301e5c3e1d764f11138b01ec0724200291746c4c0622d" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-hypothesis-kind", "workingId": "w1851", "checkedId": 1875, "anchor": "#0571D6", "anchorName": "biz-lixeui", "name": "convention distinguished from a testable physical hypothesis", "definition": "Poincaré distinguishes hypotheses answerable to experiment from choices that define a representational framework. Treating a definition as an empirical discovery, or an empirical claim as immune by definition, confuses their different roles.", "relations": [ 55, 1437 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "6bc2bb7e9feae696b8163f9887b610ada4fa0d86cec1cf994ae607f50a885d46" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-guided-convention", "workingId": "w1852", "checkedId": 1876, "anchor": "#0571D7", "anchorName": "biz-lizeuo", "name": "a free scientific convention guided by experience", "definition": "In Poincaré’s account, a representational convention can be chosen without being arbitrary: consistency, convenience and experience guide its adoption. Freedom to choose the framework is not freedom to decree how nature behaves.", "relations": [ 1458, 1474 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "8a22407248ae53ba0680258d6ea2b235f5b5529c56e0deaaa6f823b1252bcd7e" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-replication-remainder", "workingId": "w1853", "checkedId": 1877, "anchor": "#0571D8", "anchorName": "biz-licheua", "name": "unreproduced circumstances in repeated observation", "definition": "A repeated experiment cannot reproduce every circumstance of its predecessor. Inference from recurrence therefore depends on a judgment that the remaining differences are irrelevant, a judgment that can be plausible without being certain.", "relations": [ 36, 55 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "c5a9b8c3c57b46c22df0b94a698cfd5809fcd0f8501f6859a46b3b29f3330435" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-curve-choice", "workingId": "w1854", "checkedId": 1878, "anchor": "#0571D9", "anchorName": "biz-ligheue", "name": "multiple generalizations through the same observations", "definition": "A finite observational record can admit different connecting laws. Choosing a regular interpolation rather than a more complicated path adds a simplicity judgment that the observations alone do not uniquely determine.", "relations": [ 55, 1442 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "c595f64fb4662e4b694af1a178bff716a12a49dd8d1c2fe6494967ff61186c25" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-simple-average", "workingId": "w1855", "checkedId": 1879, "anchor": "#0571DA", "anchorName": "biz-likheue", "name": "aggregate simplicity produced by complex activity", "definition": "A simple observable regularity can arise from averaging many complicated individual processes. Simplicity at the reported level does not establish that each underlying event follows an equally simple path.", "relations": [ 47, 56 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "cfcbcdc783de3fb3d49b9959cd24a4bea77b2a53b86113c7d8d1300a490860a3" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-approximation-depth", "workingId": "w1856", "checkedId": 1880, "anchor": "#0571DB", "anchorName": "biz-lipheua", "name": "an approximate law losing simplicity at finer resolution", "definition": "A relation can appear simple because small terms or variations lie below the resolution used. Greater precision can reveal complexity without making the earlier approximation useless within its stated conditions.", "relations": [ 56, 1474 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "786ebb8a66768309ba1a595cd9973b33b8e4365d290049ee57ed46b1a909b901" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-fact-stages", "workingId": "w1857", "checkedId": 1881, "anchor": "#0571DC", "anchorName": "biz-lisheuo", "name": "stages between a felt event and a theoretical explanation", "definition": "Poincaré separates an impression, its verbal report, an instrument reading, a corrected reading and a theoretical interpretation. Calling them all a fact can hide the different transformations and warrants involved.", "relations": [ 59, 56 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "6a741616a75bab30547bca2f460407f3b93cfc63c7127764c7df279e0b8d23a2" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-systematic-correction", "workingId": "w1858", "checkedId": 1882, "anchor": "#0571DD", "anchorName": "biz-litheui", "name": "systematic error distinguished from averaging variation", "definition": "Repeated readings may reduce the influence of variable error while leaving a shared directional error intact. A systematic correction requires investigating its cause rather than assuming an average removes it.", "relations": [ 1474, 1234 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "47c7344cd17fb49d6c82b333e9ec3ccb6b46d3b3bf0b6e635ef45e21feeea5ac" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-report-resolution", "workingId": "w1859", "checkedId": 1883, "anchor": "#0571DE", "anchorName": "biz-liwheua", "name": "one report covering distinguishable impressions", "definition": "A finite vocabulary can assign the same statement to several different sensory states. A report preserves selected distinctions while leaving others unresolved, even before a complex theory is added.", "relations": [ 122, 56 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "26ed739c3c4cf403d87b03949e970658f2959e54500c95e693c88f357cd131cd" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-insight-check", "workingId": "w1860", "checkedId": 1884, "anchor": "#0571DF", "anchorName": "biz-lizheue", "name": "felt certainty of an insight distinguished from its verification", "definition": "An idea can arrive with immediate conviction before its proof has been checked. Poincaré’s account explicitly allows such conviction to be mistaken; subsequent demonstration has a role that the feeling of certainty cannot perform.", "relations": [ 25, 99 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "57dc082aafa86cff18696b9bdab1766d5543c95af8f7db058129b55628e001b1" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-incubation-boundary", "workingId": "w1861", "checkedId": 1885, "anchor": "#0571E0", "anchorName": "biz-lobeui", "name": "creative interruption framed by deliberate work", "definition": "Poincaré describes insights appearing after unsuccessful conscious effort and during other activity, followed by conscious development and checking. His proposed unconscious work explains these reports tentatively; interruption alone is not established as a method that guarantees invention.", "relations": [ 85, 56 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "4486d801963b241c55907f68dd18fad73067140b03e70f435a91f22f971d6ebf" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-aesthetic-filter", "workingId": "w1862", "checkedId": 1886, "anchor": "#0571E1", "anchorName": "biz-lodeuo", "name": "mathematical elegance as a selective cue rather than a proof", "definition": "Poincaré proposes that sensitivity to mathematical harmony helps select promising combinations for attention. An elegant candidate can still fail verification; the attraction helps explain discovery without certifying correctness.", "relations": [ 73, 74 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "cbdb046ab4fdf1da0c289fb176f7cc0e1460ec290df92ac44c7ad62f572bc1a9" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-initial-sensitivity", "workingId": "w1863", "checkedId": 1887, "anchor": "#0571E2", "anchorName": "biz-logeuo", "name": "small initial uncertainty amplified into divergent outcomes", "definition": "In a sensitive process, slight differences in initial conditions can grow into large differences in later outcomes. Knowing a governing law therefore does not by itself make a prediction precise when the initial state is known only approximately.", "relations": [ 83, 56 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "4037c43760b4af310aea3b73b10c0498218955ccc7b924f6a57f7ab0e09aac0b" }, { "key": "b50-pg39713-reusable-fact", "workingId": "w1864", "checkedId": 1888, "anchor": "#0571E3", "anchorName": "biz-loleui", "name": "selecting observations for their power to serve again", "definition": "Poincaré argues that inquiry must select among more facts than it can collect, favoring relations capable of illuminating further cases. Immediate utility and arbitrary curiosity are not the only possible selection principles.", "relations": [ 1476, 104 ], "bookId": 39713, "colorAllocation": "a4fb921d1a2664ddaa38cd29f3b02948b8f9c18c3bc2d380f0486d4ca171cc5c" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-sign-reference", "workingId": "w1865", "checkedId": 1889, "anchor": "#0571E4", "anchorName": "biz-lomeue", "name": "reproducing a sign before understanding its reference", "definition": "A learner can accurately imitate a sequence of signs without yet understanding that it names or communicates something. Keller’s account distinguishes successful finger movements from the later recognition of a word’s referential use.", "relations": [ 1349, 1435 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "629e59a126ba19e88f6dc624b991fdeb07a8e30753e273103d64759cdedd0598" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-sensory-binding", "workingId": "w1866", "checkedId": 1890, "anchor": "#0571E5", "anchorName": "biz-loneya", "name": "a word linked to concurrent accessible experience", "definition": "Keller and Sullivan describe a spelled word arriving together with the felt flow of water. The close pairing becomes an occasion for recognizing reference, without establishing one universal event or technique through which all language must develop.", "relations": [ 1232, 1351 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "c667c4e5f9d56b67c6bc1dcd4446c96b6a0935a47eee99b456ec1bdb2ca9cce1" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-mental-process-name", "workingId": "w1867", "checkedId": 1891, "anchor": "#0571E6", "anchorName": "biz-lopeyi", "name": "naming an activity recognized while performing it", "definition": "A term can become intelligible by directing attention to a mental activity already under way. Keller recounts recognizing think while trying to correct an arrangement, extending naming beyond objects that can be directly touched.", "relations": [ 55, 1340 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "bd3f236d101240d9e99433a65fc4273153dd6a1b7925a94d804c756e86734aa5" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-ambient-conversation", "workingId": "w1868", "checkedId": 1892, "anchor": "#0571E7", "anchorName": "biz-loreyo", "name": "supplying access to ordinarily overheard conversation", "definition": "Participation can depend on access to everyday exchanges that other people encounter incidentally. Deliberately conveying those exchanges gives opportunities for idiom, timing and initiative that isolated word instruction alone may not provide.", "relations": [ 1311, 1321 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "2c380bdda2f4f22a0feaf38a9f07426a1b8d7e081cc39f2cc623da8e05b03b22" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-beyond-word-cues", "workingId": "w1869", "checkedId": 1893, "anchor": "#0571E8", "anchorName": "biz-loseya", "name": "conversational meaning carried beyond the word sequence", "definition": "Tone and facial expression can contribute to a speaker’s meaning even when the words are available. An accessible rendering of verbal content may therefore need additional context rather than claiming that the same word sequence conveys every cue.", "relations": [ 41, 87 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "d7b6fea935e7e74769140234220b4d5f2f864c7a3eb6306ac5a78807eeb97a65" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-source-memory", "workingId": "w1870", "checkedId": 1894, "anchor": "#0571E9", "anchorName": "biz-loteye", "name": "remembered language without remembered source", "definition": "Language encountered earlier can return while its occasion and authorship are no longer recalled. Resemblance to a prior text and deliberate deception are therefore distinct questions, though missing source memory does not make the words newly invented.", "relations": [ 59, 56 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "884116656acb2a8ef6553af4504bb6e484920fd90fdd2920b20b831a6224a9ed" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-originality-fear", "workingId": "w1871", "checkedId": 1895, "anchor": "#0571EA", "anchorName": "biz-loveye", "name": "fear of unrecognized borrowing inhibiting expression", "definition": "A writer concerned that familiar language may have an unremembered source can become afraid to compose at all. Scrutiny intended to distinguish authorship can therefore have a continuing effect on expression beyond correcting one text.", "relations": [ 44, 1153 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "6db62173e5db805b8629275a102edfaf9b6bb6f1703ae5063eae146929f81667" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-investigation-experience", "workingId": "w1872", "checkedId": 1896, "anchor": "#0571EB", "anchorName": "biz-loweya", "name": "procedural outcome distinguished from experienced accusation", "definition": "Participants can describe the same inquiry through different aspects: votes and declared conclusions on one side, felt suspicion and lasting effects on another. A reported favorable judgment does not by itself erase the experience of being accused.", "relations": [ 110, 56 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "01a42b5cf9aea09220cab41f36095804f5f8a1ad71f35694d30e491b837526ff" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-revision-access", "workingId": "w1873", "checkedId": 1897, "anchor": "#0571EC", "anchorName": "biz-loyeyo", "name": "access to one’s own output as a condition of revision", "definition": "Producing a manuscript in a form readable by others does not guarantee that its author can reread, compare and reorganize it independently. An accessible complete copy can reveal repetition and structural problems previously difficult to inspect.", "relations": [ 1321, 57 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "22a167582cfbe9ee59445796be7b08d318c95d04f70fac44d7eb3013c66f934d" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-notation-access", "workingId": "w1874", "checkedId": 1898, "anchor": "#0571ED", "anchorName": "biz-lobheyi", "name": "familiar language access without familiar technical notation", "definition": "Knowing a writing system for ordinary language does not establish fluency in its mathematical conventions. An assessment can introduce an unintended additional task when it changes technical notation shortly before testing the intended subject.", "relations": [ 1321, 1359 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "e6638b5b437a0fb7a2feac3b49c87f017b2fb2d0e38db153685e260c163d647e" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-channel-contention", "workingId": "w1875", "checkedId": 1899, "anchor": "#0571EE", "anchorName": "biz-lodheya", "name": "one bodily channel needed for receiving and recording", "definition": "Receiving information and taking notes can compete for the same physical resource. Keller’s hands are occupied by spelled lectures, so simultaneous note-taking is not simply an available option made harder by insufficient effort.", "relations": [ 1314, 1321 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "f07087990890608b380db19f94b37a118c87d8d9c6d72be40815b58811399c6a" }, { "key": "b50-pg2397-analysis-enjoyment", "workingId": "w1876", "checkedId": 1900, "anchor": "#0571EF", "anchorName": "biz-lorheye", "name": "analysis of a work distinguished from experiencing its force", "definition": "Keller distinguishes knowing a work’s parts and explanations from enjoying its living effect. Interpretation can restore access to that effect, while excessive commentary can obscure it; the distinction is not a rejection of careful knowledge.", "relations": [ 74, 1348 ], "bookId": 2397, "colorAllocation": "3f98e132f85192c17c349fedea07e858e3f0469d21c7e0ea5f6c88311fddf0ec" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-relative-path", "workingId": "w1877", "checkedId": 1901, "anchor": "#0571F0", "anchorName": "biz-loceyi", "name": "a trajectory relative to a moving reference body", "definition": "The same moving body can trace different paths relative to different reference bodies. Einstein’s dropped-stone example distinguishes the described trajectory from an observer-independent curve imagined to exist in space without a specified reference.", "relations": [ 1458, 1435 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "f98614ca15e79203be1944c2f13cffcce44ea9a9797b354ea017f5939ffccacc" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-invariant-law", "workingId": "w1878", "checkedId": 1902, "anchor": "#0571F1", "anchorName": "biz-lofeyo", "name": "invariance of a law distinguished from sameness of measured motion", "definition": "In Einstein’s restricted principle, uniformly translating nonrotating reference systems describe natural processes with the same general laws, even though a body’s measured velocity or direction can differ between them.", "relations": [ 1458, 1442 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "0f932841a1f77d5dcd210e51ab1628fe161fdc7dbee657ec871934b3503fd090" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-clock-setting", "workingId": "w1879", "checkedId": 1903, "anchor": "#0571F2", "anchorName": "biz-loheyo", "name": "clock synchronization distinguished from a clock-rate hypothesis", "definition": "Einstein distinguishes a stipulated procedure for setting distant clocks together from the physical assumption that identically constructed clocks at rest in that reference body continue at matching rates. A definition of agreement does not alone guarantee its persistence.", "relations": [ 1475, 55 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "8f9f19583ca30265f3bc70873536be178cd5f6b729a845fea01aff88a6736cfa" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-relative-simultaneity", "workingId": "w1880", "checkedId": 1904, "anchor": "#0571F3", "anchorName": "biz-lojeyi", "name": "simultaneity specified relative to a reference system", "definition": "Two spatially separated events judged simultaneous in one inertial reference system need not be simultaneous in another moving relative to it. The judgment requires the system and its synchronization procedure, not merely a statement that two signals were noticed together.", "relations": [ 1475, 1458 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "9c6ba1accc60fb45ecf5f31f17bb70280acc0e4aac76a5946b89ff7399b1b13c" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-moving-length", "workingId": "w1881", "checkedId": 1905, "anchor": "#0571F4", "anchorName": "biz-lokeye", "name": "measuring moving endpoints at one specified time", "definition": "A length measured from a system in which an object moves requires locating its two endpoints at the same time in that system. This differs from laying a measuring rod along the object in its own rest frame.", "relations": [ 1474, 1458 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "78e1578fb288c4d56f50c7851fa93fcc54052cea6b5eeb1fe443b03d90d47213" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-mass-roles", "workingId": "w1882", "checkedId": 1906, "anchor": "#0571F5", "anchorName": "biz-loqeya", "name": "inertial and gravitational mass as distinct roles with an empirical link", "definition": "Einstein distinguishes a body’s resistance to acceleration from its gravitational coupling, then connects them through the observed common acceleration of freely falling bodies under the stated conditions. Equality is physically informative rather than merely a shared use of the word mass.", "relations": [ 1442, 1474 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "d6c916ee7af9975782d22942872b8e601b1e1d747964f91d6060cd14489626a2" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-accelerated-room", "workingId": "w1883", "checkedId": 1907, "anchor": "#0571F6", "anchorName": "biz-loxeyi", "name": "one room experiment described through acceleration or gravitation", "definition": "In Einstein’s chest illustration, an external observer explains pressure and falling objects through the room’s acceleration, while an occupant can describe them through a gravitational field. The comparison relies on the common free-fall behavior stated in the argument.", "relations": [ 1458, 55 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "62faf579f023bcd0c497efb645cef16bf006cd7f9c720e6c906907f6104eac66" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-field-boundary", "workingId": "w1884", "checkedId": 1908, "anchor": "#0571F7", "anchorName": "biz-lozeyo", "name": "removing a special field by coordinates distinguished from all gravitation", "definition": "Einstein warns that the accelerated-chest example does not show that every gravitational field can be removed throughout its extent by changing reference body. A transformation that works for a special case does not establish the same freedom for all fields.", "relations": [ 55, 47 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "83aadce603711cb0e1d57b0970b8a25e307eba32ebb9404d683489a83d18584a" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-event-coincidence", "workingId": "w1885", "checkedId": 1909, "anchor": "#0571F8", "anchorName": "biz-locheya", "name": "physical encounters preserved under coordinate relabeling", "definition": "An arbitrary assignment of coordinates need not make physical description arbitrary. In Einstein’s account, encounters of bodies, instruments and clock indications remain identifiable as coincidences even when the numerical labels used to describe them change.", "relations": [ 1435, 1458 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "fa139e4a80cacea0315cf994099d6af3e0e7e5ed06c2d1f89f882f6596598f19" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-limiting-theory", "workingId": "w1886", "checkedId": 1910, "anchor": "#0571F9", "anchorName": "biz-logheye", "name": "an earlier theory retained as a bounded approximation", "definition": "A broader theory can reproduce an earlier theory under specified limiting conditions while predicting departures outside that approximation. Einstein gives weak fields and small speeds as conditions for recovering the Newtonian approximation.", "relations": [ 47, 56 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "7b8dd30ba04529130ca8a2b3f0354c878e539f8307599967767c3a9cca8bcbc0" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-paired-observation", "workingId": "w1887", "checkedId": 1911, "anchor": "#0571FA", "anchorName": "biz-lokheye", "name": "a predicted displacement tested against a comparison observation", "definition": "A claimed observational shift requires a comparison that supplies the reference configuration. Einstein describes photographing the same stars with the sun near their apparent positions and at another time, then examining the predicted relative displacement.", "relations": [ 1248, 1474 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "7ff58b45ab2d568535b3e9173712d03f4627f4dcb3ff633db6dbd91420d65a8c" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-finite-unbounded", "workingId": "w1888", "checkedId": 1912, "anchor": "#0571FB", "anchorName": "biz-lopheya", "name": "finite extent without an edge in a model space", "definition": "A space can have finite total extent without a boundary that its inhabitants encounter. Einstein illustrates this with beings confined to a spherical surface; the illustration distinguishes bounded size from the presence of an edge.", "relations": [ 1437, 47 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "30ee2d17298c3643ad1e9dc092bb3722479879edc1938c2eef1401db3e627da1" }, { "key": "b50-pg5001-local-global", "workingId": "w1889", "checkedId": 1913, "anchor": "#0571FC", "anchorName": "biz-losheyo", "name": "a locally near-plane region leaving global geometry unresolved", "definition": "Measurements restricted to a sufficiently small region can be consistent with geometries that differ on larger scales. Einstein’s surface analogy makes limited observational access insufficient by itself to decide whether the whole modeled space is finite.", "relations": [ 47, 56 ], "bookId": 5001, "colorAllocation": "cdbaadecd5b9707fe73352ead2b4b2dd9c1f7c4d8a6b8645ce716589ed80160d" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-three-influences", "workingId": "w1890", "checkedId": 1914, "anchor": "#0571FD", "anchorName": "biz-lotheyi", "name": "maturation, instruction and experience distinguished", "definition": "A division between the development of capacities, guidance in using them, and learning through encounters with surroundings. These influences can cooperate or conflict without being interchangeable sources of education.", "relations": [ 1152, 1337 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "3b2dbcd656184da609a42c40566a56cae8806d3bdcec8b1f3759698bb52bbc5e" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-unequal-control", "workingId": "w1891", "checkedId": 1915, "anchor": "#0571FE", "anchorName": "biz-lowheya", "name": "educational responsibility under incomplete control", "definition": "An educator attempts to coordinate influences that are only partly controllable, including growth, encounters and other people’s conduct. Responsibility for preparation does not establish command of every condition or a guarantee of the outcome.", "relations": [ 55, 56 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "5ec2073dbada863e6ac61785eac784c720272fa41506fcf48191cac9eacfdfcd" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-station-change", "workingId": "w1892", "checkedId": 1916, "anchor": "#0571FF", "anchorName": "biz-lozheye", "name": "education for a changing social position", "definition": "Preparing a learner to act across possible changes of occupation, wealth or social station rather than only within the position selected for them. Fitness for one inherited role does not establish adaptability beyond it.", "relations": [ 1377, 89 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "c1b0f52e9f8c3dc7533904278804a456afb61535fab02ef9363a7d1067f714bd" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-desire-capacity", "workingId": "w1893", "checkedId": 1917, "anchor": "#057200", "anchorName": "biz-mabayi", "name": "desire and capacity as a proposed balance", "definition": "Rousseau’s proposed measure of well-being compares the reach of desire with available capacity. Increasing capacity or reducing desire in isolation need not produce the balance his account seeks.", "relations": [ 55, 83 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "a2b15872b6c917f6c45415ea183bd403bb7e09cdea7824e4b72240ecee2fe1a8" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-negative-education", "workingId": "w1894", "checkedId": 1918, "anchor": "#057201", "anchorName": "biz-madaya", "name": "negative education as protective delay", "definition": "Rousseau’s proposal to protect developing judgment from premature prejudices and imposed lessons before direct moral instruction. The delay is an active educational design, not the absence of an environment or adult decisions.", "relations": [ 1337, 1362 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "b5ece1097759bdecdd1310fdb75718562cc116c23454420b398bcc0b1339be95" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-necessity-will", "workingId": "w1895", "checkedId": 1919, "anchor": "#057202", "anchorName": "biz-magayo", "name": "dependence on conditions distinguished from dependence on a will", "definition": "Distinguishing limits experienced as material conditions from limits imposed by another person’s choices. A condition presented as impersonal may still have been arranged by someone, so its origin matters to a claim of independence.", "relations": [ 44, 43 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "f237541381d1001dfd74916190039a2a66d0488feff0e6ad5e1c5a4cf072e314" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-hidden-direction", "workingId": "w1896", "checkedId": 1920, "anchor": "#057203", "anchorName": "biz-malayi", "name": "engineered choice presented as freedom", "definition": "A situation in which a person experiences choosing freely while another secretly arranges the available conditions to direct what they will want and do. Absence of an explicit command does not by itself establish independence.", "relations": [ 43, 89, 1337 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "7c1aa79d90bf92db1fcea10890bc230c70e59a356975adace7a8b33d536a0e1e" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-bargain-asymmetry", "workingId": "w1897", "checkedId": 1921, "anchor": "#057204", "anchorName": "biz-mamaye", "name": "unequal stakes in understanding a rule giver", "definition": "A dependent participant has strong reasons to study the rule giver’s wishes and weaknesses, while the rule giver may face less pressure to understand the participant. Apparent authority and accurate mutual understanding can therefore diverge.", "relations": [ 37, 1401 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "15feef0987e617a4912ac54a94e63e39fd64fb6ecf46f4f6db1ccaa05ec67d85" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-aversion-cost", "workingId": "w1898", "checkedId": 1922, "anchor": "#057205", "anchorName": "biz-manaye", "name": "acquiring a skill while losing the desire to use it", "definition": "Instruction produces a technical ability while also fostering aversion to the activity the ability was meant to support. Demonstrated competence and a sustainable relationship with its use are different outcomes.", "relations": [ 1150, 1152 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "c4f11e9b76ac7f31eb35c318c9ff936fa01536c942dc97222aeb7327c1a3b9ed" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-counterlesson", "workingId": "w1899", "checkedId": 1923, "anchor": "#057206", "anchorName": "biz-mapayi", "name": "an exemplary story yielding the opposite lesson", "definition": "A learner may identify with a character’s successful tactic rather than adopt the warning the teacher intended. The story’s presented moral and its received model for action are distinct interpretive results.", "relations": [ 109, 122 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "b63317d551a78296300b35af121d9bdde5bd12597ee8d19d2a1a9e87a0b3c396" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-reciprocal-use", "workingId": "w1900", "checkedId": 1924, "anchor": "#057207", "anchorName": "biz-marayo", "name": "a usefulness question returning to the teacher", "definition": "An instructor who asks a learner to justify an activity’s use also makes the instructor’s own proposals answerable to that question. Reasons must be intelligible from the learner’s situation rather than only the instructor’s aims.", "relations": [ 41, 99 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "9a0c164bf9d751fc940a20e7336d6f6258d490cfa676a403245c76dbf9e4909d" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-shared-struggle", "workingId": "w1901", "checkedId": 1925, "anchor": "#057208", "anchorName": "biz-masaya", "name": "admitted struggle as part of an educational example", "definition": "A teacher makes their own difficulty and effort visible so guidance can be understood as a practicable struggle rather than the effortless rule of a supposedly perfect person. Fallibility does not automatically remove the responsibility to guide.", "relations": [ 56, 99 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "bc4b7831ceeba49c68a4948f2647125fb6efe397edf3baff176d246a4f3190fd" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-access-duty", "workingId": "w1902", "checkedId": 1926, "anchor": "#057209", "anchorName": "biz-matayi", "name": "a claimed duty to know tested against access", "definition": "Testing a demand for particular knowledge against whether the person could reach the sources and means required to obtain it. Lack of access and refusal to inquire are different grounds for judgment.", "relations": [ 69, 55 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "0403dbbbc06008a645f850c0d59559946b56aaf5316bc2a2e07c4b87abb02fd9" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-closed-authority", "workingId": "w1903", "checkedId": 1927, "anchor": "#05720A", "anchorName": "biz-mavaye", "name": "an authority establishing itself by its own decision", "definition": "A claimed authority offers its own ruling as sufficient proof that it is entitled to rule. The validity of the decision and the independent grounds of the decision maker’s authority remain separate questions.", "relations": [ 25, 55 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "a8b1b046a8b175604a80e9056449eb779fe4c0eafb583036700026e874dcb889" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-silenced-opposition", "workingId": "w1904", "checkedId": 1928, "anchor": "#05720B", "anchorName": "biz-mawaya", "name": "a refutation insulated by silencing its opponent", "definition": "A position appears uncontested because its opponents cannot publish or speak safely, or are represented only by hostile sources. Success against the permitted representation does not establish success against the opposing argument.", "relations": [ 41, 48, 1182 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "88bdde4aa80ca2951b23928be84644ce6eee12fe7543371c813b60c3e696ae2b" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-naturalized-duty", "workingId": "w1905", "checkedId": 1929, "anchor": "#05720C", "anchorName": "biz-mayayo", "name": "unequal duties justified by an asserted natural difference", "definition": "A framework moves from a claimed difference in bodies or roles to unequal obligations and standing. The descriptive premise, the inference and the resulting allocation of responsibility require separate examination.", "relations": [ 55, 1377 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "550a991a4022ff8f8436cae16ab1c6f2bc93352a08c5b2741a1057ab6fcbf4bb" }, { "key": "b50-pg5427-interpreted-consent", "workingId": "w1906", "checkedId": 1930, "anchor": "#05720D", "anchorName": "biz-mabhayo", "name": "declared autonomy beside presumptive interpretation of desire", "definition": "A discourse affirms a person’s bodily autonomy while another participant claims to know desire beneath verbal refusal or silence. The stated right and the authority claimed to interpret willingness must be assessed separately.", "relations": [ 43, 89, 41 ], "bookId": 5427, "colorAllocation": "74aec83dcf1aeba60b162ba8e9a9e69355a3a159643e41ac39a136a5cf498d1a" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-diagnostic-discount", "workingId": "w1907", "checkedId": 1931, "anchor": "#05720E", "anchorName": "biz-madhaya", "name": "diagnostic discounting of testimony", "definition": "A person’s account of distress is discounted because an authoritative diagnosis is treated as sufficient reason to disbelieve the reported experience. The classification becomes a barrier to revising the account rather than a hypothesis answerable to it.", "relations": [ 1317, 1198 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "6855a459e978acda06cd8fc46bc845e3a5b902ae41faaa1cc68cedf42c10053b" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-fused-authority", "workingId": "w1908", "checkedId": 1932, "anchor": "#05720F", "anchorName": "biz-marhaye", "name": "intimate and professional authority combined", "definition": "An arrangement in which the same person holds intimate and professional authority over someone, so questioning a practical judgment can also be treated as disloyalty within the relationship. The two roles can make an appeal difficult even when care is sincerely professed.", "relations": [ 43, 1317 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "54264962c09ff3a5d730c2503c6ed5dfe16b98f7111f97c0174661c82fd53256" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-care-gratitude", "workingId": "w1909", "checkedId": 1933, "anchor": "#057210", "anchorName": "biz-macayi", "name": "gratitude expected for lost discretion", "definition": "A condition in which receiving extensive care is accompanied by an expectation of gratitude for decisions being taken away. Material help and reduced discretion can coexist, leaving objections vulnerable to being characterized as ingratitude.", "relations": [ 43, 1200 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "fb06756a3fcd5341754ce45a6a8523c48f3f4a2022139dd2a3eaba32fc62e679" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-concealment-cost", "workingId": "w1910", "checkedId": 1934, "anchor": "#057211", "anchorName": "biz-mafaya", "name": "the added cost of concealed expression", "definition": "The extra effort of hiding an expressive activity from disapproving observers, distinguishable from the effort inherent in the activity itself. Fatigue produced by concealment can then be mistaken for evidence that expression alone is harmful.", "relations": [ 1182, 1156 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "519c96d6f05c545eb51bd98773bfe5a69af9ed6c01f252b2cecc986f655450c8" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-recovery-proxy", "workingId": "w1911", "checkedId": 1935, "anchor": "#057212", "anchorName": "biz-mahayo", "name": "quiet compliance mistaken for recovery", "definition": "An inference of improvement from outward quiet, obedience or reduced complaint without establishing that distress has lessened. The same visible conduct may result from concealment, exhaustion or altered attention.", "relations": [ 1150, 1327 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "459c1b58de3a03f6fd9a169a5bec502312f36a2e53bfc5c32b7a250b51e5dec4" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-attention-enclosure", "workingId": "w1912", "checkedId": 1936, "anchor": "#057213", "anchorName": "biz-majayi", "name": "attention narrowed by confinement", "definition": "A pattern in which restricted movement and activity concentrate attention on a limited feature of the surroundings, allowing it to acquire disproportionate emotional and interpretive importance. This describes a narrative relation without supplying a universal clinical explanation.", "relations": [ 1195, 1210 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "d084d86c30e30ad65df053e5e6162ba58d8c3975c41d2753126e3d15d16fca33" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-reason-denial", "workingId": "w1913", "checkedId": 1937, "anchor": "#057214", "anchorName": "biz-makaye", "name": "absence of an accepted reason mistaken for absence of pain", "definition": "Dismissing reported suffering because the observer recognizes no adequate reason for it. Failure of the observer’s explanation is treated as evidence against the experience itself.", "relations": [ 1317, 55 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "fbd686b160ebf3b23585d3feab0f1a053e4c8bfbcf5c7c2ff8095e158695ef93" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-emotional-disqualification", "workingId": "w1914", "checkedId": 1938, "anchor": "#057215", "anchorName": "biz-maqaye", "name": "distress used to disqualify an appeal", "definition": "An appeal loses standing because the speaker becomes visibly distressed while making it, even when that distress is part of the circumstance requiring attention. The manner of pleading displaces examination of the request’s grounds.", "relations": [ 1317, 1182 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "28cbdc58cd9fc447f7be3c9150dd94aab0af20a436aa9648f2ef99ee22013243" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-private-counterrecord", "workingId": "w1915", "checkedId": 1939, "anchor": "#057216", "anchorName": "biz-maxayi", "name": "a private counterrecord", "definition": "A privately maintained account that preserves perceptions or objections excluded from an authoritative public description. Its alternative perspective remains evidence of a situated voice, not an automatic guarantee of factual accuracy.", "relations": [ 57, 1182 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "d9f752a3ad0e3282734d4cc28ed334bce2ed972cfa09fab5259ef3841e877aa8" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-liberation-ambiguity", "workingId": "w1916", "checkedId": 1940, "anchor": "#057217", "anchorName": "biz-mazayo", "name": "escape declared within continuing constraint", "definition": "A declared liberation that coexists with continuing confinement, dependency or injury, requiring the declaration and the material conditions to be assessed separately. A changed relation to an obstacle need not establish a secure freedom beyond it.", "relations": [ 1196, 1203 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "8fe24cf282dddeae8555f20398ec9afd24734b34bdee07c163856a41db555c04" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-affection-rebuttal", "workingId": "w1917", "checkedId": 1941, "anchor": "#057218", "anchorName": "biz-machaya", "name": "affection offered as an answer to objection", "definition": "Responding to a substantive objection with reassurance of love, sacrifice or benevolent intention, without resolving the grounds of the objection. Affection can be real while remaining insufficient as an answer.", "relations": [ 1336, 41 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "dde6b783e8344fc429147aa484b9a5dc80ac127dbe2965ecdd93e0a8aae5c571" }, { "key": "b50-pg1952-protective-projection", "workingId": "w1918", "checkedId": 1942, "anchor": "#057219", "anchorName": "biz-maghayi", "name": "another figure carrying a narrator’s constraint", "definition": "A narrative device in which a perceived or imagined figure becomes the bearer of a narrator’s own confinement and desired escape. The connection can guide interpretation while the figure’s literal existence and the narrator’s self-understanding remain unsettled.", "relations": [ 122, 109 ], "bookId": 1952, "colorAllocation": "dc9b56758915a9bcf53be5860f7b860b599953fc99cc7bcc8d9bff72abcb9281" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-shared-unknown", "workingId": "w1919", "checkedId": 1943, "anchor": "#05721A", "anchorName": "biz-makhaye", "name": "shared inquiry after admitted ignorance", "definition": "A teaching response that acknowledges not knowing and turns the unanswered question into a joint investigation. Admission of a limit opens a task rather than ending interest or pretending that the answer is already settled.", "relations": [ 56, 99 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "e4fcec2d93fe6bb86f365375c4221ee7460cfa77acc379beb444ec3a4bc05689" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-form-life", "workingId": "w1920", "checkedId": 1944, "anchor": "#05721B", "anchorName": "biz-maphaya", "name": "form studied through living activity", "definition": "Observation of a structure directed toward understanding how it participates in an organism’s activity, rather than toward an exhaustive inventory of visible parts. Functional interpretation remains an inference to investigate, not a purpose guaranteed by resemblance.", "relations": [ 1162, 55 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "352afc60bbe165ba3d1814cb3ce6322b2f5b193df03fc4de1afef6f02966fe3f" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-contrast-return", "workingId": "w1921", "checkedId": 1945, "anchor": "#05721C", "anchorName": "biz-mashayo", "name": "return through changed comparison", "definition": "Revisiting an earlier observation because a new case permits a meaningful comparison or contrast. Repetition adds a question or distinction rather than merely requiring the learner to reproduce the same account.", "relations": [ 1152, 1167 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "f1fbc4833ef1ee4cdd1c2a2b80b36543b140a7bd712f708f956e0d53b747762d" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-object-scale", "workingId": "w1922", "checkedId": 1946, "anchor": "#05721D", "anchorName": "biz-mathayo", "name": "object acquaintance before diagram enlargement", "definition": "Relating a magnified representation to a directly encountered object before using the enlarged view to teach its features. This helps separate representational scale from the actual size of what is represented.", "relations": [ 1460, 1349 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "0e0bd81a81f94b941798c724a52d811d605360f86be7cf965a6716c7a971f48a" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-name-incidental", "workingId": "w1923", "checkedId": 1947, "anchor": "#05721E", "anchorName": "biz-mawhaya", "name": "naming subordinate to acquaintance", "definition": "Learning a name in the course of sustained acquaintance with its object, while keeping recognition and understanding distinct from the ability to repeat the label. Nomenclature supports investigation instead of becoming its sole result.", "relations": [ 1191, 1349 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "6f2341322af101b3e447a4705a9ec10a5e34717a47a3c5286c0204593c2c8dc4" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-story-opening", "workingId": "w1924", "checkedId": 1948, "anchor": "#05721F", "anchorName": "biz-mazhaye", "name": "an explanatory story that leaves an inquiry open", "definition": "A supplementary explanation that connects observations while identifying something still discoverable by the learner. The story supplies orientation and motivation without presenting itself as a finished substitute for further evidence.", "relations": [ 1165, 56 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "e9727d87e710a8d49a3ef479191e55ca739dcdfc70c3f8a6a62d212ad1b9d89f" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-personal-notebook", "workingId": "w1925", "checkedId": 1949, "anchor": "#057220", "anchorName": "biz-mebayi", "name": "a learner-owned observation notebook", "definition": "A record of observations treated as the learner’s own exploratory space, with encouragement separated from routine correction of spelling or presentation. Such protection can sustain willingness to notice and record without making the observations immune to later examination.", "relations": [ 36, 1156 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "a6dd3d506b1d77e25b7c9e803613fa7f3f9b4b8330aa807eacc4f97d5b6bda5f" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-cultivation-understanding", "workingId": "w1926", "checkedId": 1950, "anchor": "#057221", "anchorName": "biz-medaya", "name": "cultivation distinguished from understanding a plant", "definition": "Success in growing and using a plant is distinguished from understanding its structures, reproduction and relations with other organisms. Practical competence can supply occasions for investigation without automatically completing it.", "relations": [ 1204, 55 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "6002ee7953fa5340fee243bac0941c0b1aa72ffa9c3365cad9bfc6b916dd2598" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-pollinator-partnership", "workingId": "w1927", "checkedId": 1951, "anchor": "#057222", "anchorName": "biz-megayo", "name": "pollination through animal foraging", "definition": "A relation in which an animal’s search for food transfers pollen among flowers. Benefit to reproduction and benefit to the visitor can be connected without implying that either organism consciously intends the other’s benefit.", "relations": [ 1276, 55 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "ff4028bb1829b8b98173490571549f6ca4edef69ea5ad9cf75a5b5b39186b543" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-seed-release", "workingId": "w1928", "checkedId": 1952, "anchor": "#057223", "anchorName": "biz-melayi", "name": "seed release distributed across occasions", "definition": "A dispersal arrangement in which seeds are released in several small episodes rather than all at once, exposing them to different conditions of wind, season or disturbance. The spread of release times does not guarantee successful establishment.", "relations": [ 1295, 1296 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "3948db30424fd227014d85462c079a9b4f8d4a5a1a177e217034ef0ea4f58bee" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-dispersal-apparatus", "workingId": "w1929", "checkedId": 1953, "anchor": "#057224", "anchorName": "biz-memaye", "name": "a dispersal structure separable from the seed", "definition": "A structure accompanying a seed that changes how wind or another carrier transports it, while remaining distinguishable from the seed that must establish after arrival. Transport capacity and successful germination are different functions.", "relations": [ 1162, 55 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "c32476acdf36cc647716864d0c69ee262ca6cdffcd267d9a0dea05ffd2354d5f" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-habitat-succession", "workingId": "w1930", "checkedId": 1954, "anchor": "#057225", "anchorName": "biz-menaye", "name": "habitat modification that displaces its occupants", "definition": "A process in which organisms contribute to changing their surroundings until the resulting conditions become less suitable for those same organisms and favor others. Persistence of a population is distinct from persistence of the habitat it helped create.", "relations": [ 1275, 1285 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "7d45d481879e3a45e9302a40460a0d172596ff051996a84b0cae4f8b6bd6add2" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-moralized-biology", "workingId": "w1931", "checkedId": 1955, "anchor": "#057226", "anchorName": "biz-mepayi", "name": "moral judgment imported into biological dependence", "definition": "Describing a biological relation using terms of vice, punishment or deservingness as though the evaluative judgment followed from the organism’s mode of life. The mechanism of dependence and the author’s moral analogy require separate assessment.", "relations": [ 122, 128 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "320195be0365670656d40a8a7bd9976d8b4c9bf4b7841c8519dfc95f0a146af5" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-care-predation", "workingId": "w1932", "checkedId": 1956, "anchor": "#057227", "anchorName": "biz-merayo", "name": "reverence for life beside ordinary dependence on death", "definition": "An ethical tension between caring for living beings and participating in food relations or practices that take life. Naming the tension does not determine one universal diet, justify cruelty or erase differences among ways of causing harm.", "relations": [ 128, 43 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "578b19b4d279f04cd4b6ece7a646bdea0f64e8da176dc9160b32ee3278b889c9" }, { "key": "b50-pg78142-observation-experiment", "workingId": "w1933", "checkedId": 1957, "anchor": "#057228", "anchorName": "biz-mesaya", "name": "comparative conditions for a growth inquiry", "definition": "Arranging similar growing subjects under deliberately different conditions so observations can be compared against a stated question. Similarity of seeds and placement helps bound the contrast but does not eliminate every possible source of variation.", "relations": [ 55, 99 ], "bookId": 78142, "colorAllocation": "ea2a4569d4693943cfdd46daaaf4ad1b0c6185d86810e0a58a469e864c56a7b4" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-support-factor", "workingId": "w1934", "checkedId": 1958, "anchor": "#057229", "anchorName": "biz-metayi", "name": "mutual support as an explanatory factor", "definition": "The contribution that cooperative activity makes to survival or sustained social life, considered alongside competition and environmental constraints. Identifying such a contribution does not establish its relative weight in every case or supply a complete evolutionary explanation.", "relations": [ 1271, 1273 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "e38b83fc2b0e31ab0af2b34fb40e5107b05d8ef08ffe8de8c62f547c3988b5df" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-function-origin", "workingId": "w1935", "checkedId": 1959, "anchor": "#05722A", "anchorName": "biz-mevaye", "name": "a function established before its origin is explained", "definition": "Distinguishing evidence that an activity has an important effect from an explanation of how the disposition to perform it arose. An account of present usefulness can leave historical origin unresolved.", "relations": [ 1282, 55 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "f5db8b96c31e7d258e7ebfdc678c4123b10215e4d1724edde47ff4dd5a5464c0" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-solidarity-affection", "workingId": "w1936", "checkedId": 1960, "anchor": "#05722B", "anchorName": "biz-mewaya", "name": "solidarity extending beyond personal affection", "definition": "Readiness to support another on the basis of a wider shared condition or membership rather than an intimate bond. Assistance to a stranger can express solidarity without requiring knowledge of that person or identical feelings.", "relations": [ 1414, 43 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "6360a545a979f6e6f481d92916f2eb5e44e229b47c84088a5c70a75035ccbece" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-shared-vigilance", "workingId": "w1937", "checkedId": 1961, "anchor": "#05722C", "anchorName": "biz-meyayo", "name": "distributed vigilance for collective safety", "definition": "An arrangement in which some participants detect danger and communicate a warning that others can use while feeding, resting or acting. The group’s protection depends on detection and response, not merely on its size.", "relations": [ 81, 99 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "ba73a93c2e123ea829393a77d5cdeeac6276f5f7308438bc3a19a6db2c1ab537" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-archive-conflict", "workingId": "w1938", "checkedId": 1962, "anchor": "#05722D", "anchorName": "biz-mebhayo", "name": "conflict overrepresented in the surviving record", "definition": "A documentary imbalance in which wars, litigation and exceptional disruptions leave fuller records than routine cooperation. The resulting archive can distort estimates of ordinary life unless the selection process itself is examined.", "relations": [ 1291, 1231 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "2a1f3729e46d1907b54ffeb08e2d528401cf3aa77a232a60c6126686bcfd41f7" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-reform-capture", "workingId": "w1939", "checkedId": 1963, "anchor": "#05722E", "anchorName": "biz-medhaya", "name": "revolt that restores support versus revolt that captures power", "definition": "A distinction between challenging a decayed institution to enlarge shared protection and dismantling it to concentrate advantage. Opposition to an existing order does not by itself establish which transformation is intended.", "relations": [ 39, 128 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "fefd1a8a61350da6fd48c1d18c6c24ae17920bdbd967d29a39cf50852a5faa78" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-crossed-federation", "workingId": "w1940", "checkedId": 1964, "anchor": "#05722F", "anchorName": "biz-merhaye", "name": "federation across territorial and occupational membership", "definition": "A form of coordination combining associations based on place with associations based on shared work or pursuit. Participants belong through different organizing principles, requiring arrangements that let those memberships cooperate without becoming identical.", "relations": [ 40, 97 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "a9b734ed0668b23a9a088bc869ce95d675779b9259a1c2ac55430c284bc3b815" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-affinity-crossborder", "workingId": "w1941", "checkedId": 1965, "anchor": "#057230", "anchorName": "biz-mecayi", "name": "association across territorial membership", "definition": "An association organized by mutual affinity or shared purpose that crosses the boundaries of existing territorial communities. It supplements place-based belonging without necessarily replacing local membership or erasing its obligations.", "relations": [ 40, 39 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "90872bc1859b4101a16f147152a9a75a7daf5c651283df3b998d6251f8d19db8" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-association-resource", "workingId": "w1942", "checkedId": 1966, "anchor": "#057231", "anchorName": "biz-mefaya", "name": "shared resources as practical association capacity", "definition": "Property, meeting places, funds and autonomous procedures that let an association act repeatedly rather than exist only in name. Confiscating those resources can alter its capacity even where some nominal form survives.", "relations": [ 80, 1204 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "5fdb9e9f9ee682cba3b1be63f0b3d9b1d0b70650ecc9be623646ed43579b48d7" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-care-monopoly", "workingId": "w1943", "checkedId": 1967, "anchor": "#057232", "anchorName": "biz-mehayo", "name": "compulsory dependence on a central provider of association", "definition": "An institutional arrangement that suppresses independent unions and requires common needs to be addressed through a central authority. The claim that the center represents everyone is distinguished from the continued ability of people to organize among themselves.", "relations": [ 40, 97 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "49ade52de598e98ac05384a2503707d74cd664ecc83be56d33d64d4f71695e02" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-reconstitution", "workingId": "w1944", "checkedId": 1968, "anchor": "#057233", "anchorName": "biz-mejayi", "name": "association reconstituted under restrictive forms", "definition": "Continuation of a prohibited or constrained association through alternative legal, customary or concealed forms. A changed organizational label may preserve some practical mutual support while also changing risk and visibility.", "relations": [ 80, 91 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "4c66eae474253c0312be5a9e40e760a9ab06afeeb0708b19dd9996155e83a75d" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-help-as-right", "workingId": "w1945", "checkedId": 1969, "anchor": "#057234", "anchorName": "biz-mekaye", "name": "communal provision claimed as membership right", "definition": "Access to shared assistance understood as an entitlement of belonging rather than a discretionary gift from a benefactor. This distinction concerns the basis of the claim, not proof that provision is adequate or evenly delivered.", "relations": [ 1413, 1225 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "cc77eb3b581d61c670f89da52372dfbffab95cea4e4649260fbba52e3caa543e" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-support-coercion", "workingId": "w1946", "checkedId": 1970, "anchor": "#057235", "anchorName": "biz-meqaye", "name": "internal mutual support alongside external subjection", "definition": "An institution may support its own members while collectively dominating outsiders. Internal reciprocity and the treatment of nonmembers therefore require separate evaluation.", "relations": [ 128, 39 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "e1ee32b8db06531a873903e715c424e337c16c2bed3942d73e8d17cc971dc61e" }, { "key": "b50-pg4341-corrective-emphasis", "workingId": "w1947", "checkedId": 1971, "anchor": "#057236", "anchorName": "biz-mexayi", "name": "corrective emphasis distinguished from a balanced total account", "definition": "Concentrating an inquiry on a neglected factor to correct an earlier imbalance while postponing a full comparison with other factors. The corrective purpose explains selection but does not make the resulting account exhaustive.", "relations": [ 114, 55 ], "bookId": 4341, "colorAllocation": "ef0f720de92423a99a788a7603bb35a82c4bc9c1664db594e9a8c5349fbdc4c4" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-rivalry-gate", "workingId": "w1948", "checkedId": 1972, "anchor": "#057237", "anchorName": "biz-mezayo", "name": "training withheld to prevent future competition", "definition": "Excluding a prospective learner because successful training could create a rival to those controlling admission. The exclusion protects an incumbent position rather than establishing the applicant’s incapacity.", "relations": [ 1204, 1188 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "d81c209de4a235979a33c60e68e62617c0b2bbf068658db109d1827dab3d96f7" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-disguised-access", "workingId": "w1949", "checkedId": 1973, "anchor": "#057238", "anchorName": "biz-mechaya", "name": "access offered on condition of concealed identity", "definition": "Permission to participate made practically available only if a person hides a disfavored identity or status. Such access can provide opportunities while leaving the exclusionary public rule intact.", "relations": [ 89, 1198 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "2bb92adf4e99dd20ca4c1e374f599586884ae61e99bf43b06e8c63115324a654" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-welcome-conduct", "workingId": "w1950", "checkedId": 1974, "anchor": "#057239", "anchorName": "biz-meghayi", "name": "a welcome secured by participants’ conduct", "definition": "An invitation supported by a commitment from existing participants to make attendance workable through their own behavior. Formal admission and a setting free of obstructive treatment are separate parts of inclusion.", "relations": [ 43, 1204 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "71650dd3ab521c860090d0c2231043f9d0b4d5d14a55bb0f5a569f5b57ff0adf" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-access-sabotage", "workingId": "w1951", "checkedId": 1975, "anchor": "#05723A", "anchorName": "biz-mekhaye", "name": "formal access undermined by withheld cooperation", "definition": "An admitted participant is obstructed when others withdraw information or ordinary collaborative practices needed to use the opportunity. The official permission survives while its practical educational value is reduced.", "relations": [ 1204, 99 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "e0f19b40012f74bd5de84e7450a2407a401e3d11a3b39a8976d14803ca7a4bce" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-rival-endorsement", "workingId": "w1952", "checkedId": 1976, "anchor": "#05723B", "anchorName": "biz-mephaya", "name": "support assembled without activating partisan opposition", "definition": "Securing separate support for a proposal from rival groups before presenting it for decision, so endorsement need not become a contest over which faction originated it. The tactic is distinct from concealing the proposal’s substance.", "relations": [ 40, 41 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "10a8de37bafea07a5fb9707ee9b2b99e57667f35c63d6013773e71e868d782d9" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-institution-route", "workingId": "w1953", "checkedId": 1977, "anchor": "#05723C", "anchorName": "biz-meshayo", "name": "building an institution when existing doors stay closed", "definition": "Creating a new durable setting for work and learning when established institutions deny usable participation. The new setting provides a route around exclusion while requiring resources, trust and continuing operation of its own.", "relations": [ 80, 1204 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "1152a4a7078184c6bedf76063d9a3d659cbc4430eb4ac1152fc01ae020eac2fa" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-full-training", "workingId": "w1954", "checkedId": 1978, "anchor": "#05723D", "anchorName": "biz-methayo", "name": "equal entry without reduced preparation", "definition": "Admission to a profession pursued together with the full preparation and responsibilities expected of its established members, rather than accepting a permanently restricted curriculum as the price of entry.", "relations": [ 1204, 39 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "040023f9b2458f810efc742453840f11246d1a365066a10b10d47e9c069078cd" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-layered-access", "workingId": "w1955", "checkedId": 1979, "anchor": "#05723E", "anchorName": "biz-mewhaya", "name": "removing one exclusion without removing every disadvantage", "definition": "A gain against one barrier can leave poverty, rank, crowding or lack of influential support unchanged. The effect of an intervention must be assessed against the remaining obstacles rather than treated as complete equality.", "relations": [ 1203, 128 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "b964e87091c6910b9a6d51af785f9abce7765db61a8fc098c63514b7d888c190" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-clinical-proximity", "workingId": "w1956", "checkedId": 1980, "anchor": "#05723F", "anchorName": "biz-mezhaye", "name": "proximity to a case as an educational resource", "definition": "The opportunity to follow a case closely and repeatedly, with access to relevant findings, distinguished from being present at a crowded demonstration. Presence in the institution does not establish the depth of observation available.", "relations": [ 1336, 1327 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "e242aedfba455744f88e82811f838d5c86b83fe54c20fd0efa01627941b108fd" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-novelty-selection", "workingId": "w1957", "checkedId": 1981, "anchor": "#057240", "anchorName": "biz-mibayi", "name": "successful novelties reported without their failures", "definition": "An imbalance in which striking successes of an unfamiliar practice circulate while the number of trials and unsuccessful cases remain obscure. Enthusiasm generated by the selected reports cannot establish comparative effectiveness.", "relations": [ 1291, 55 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "b1aa0700c87fea4821d5e68df9a40ed990f07b5a11cdd048e559c170092b5525" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-revision-practice", "workingId": "w1958", "checkedId": 1982, "anchor": "#057241", "anchorName": "biz-midaya", "name": "provisional practice with a declared revision threshold", "definition": "Using a currently available method while openly identifying its inadequacies and committing to change when sufficiently grounded improvement is established. Provisional adoption is distinguished from unquestioning allegiance or untested novelty.", "relations": [ 56, 57 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "72207ef668027fb693673447a9f52dfdad8ef53e8684e1dea5783c6b458e5731" }, { "key": "b50-pg65496-entry-attention", "workingId": "w1959", "checkedId": 1983, "anchor": "#057242", "anchorName": "biz-migayo", "name": "a first admission changing what others consider possible", "definition": "A publicly noticed exception to an exclusion can alter expectations about who may enter, even before comparable access becomes ordinary. Symbolic significance and the actual spread of opportunity remain separate questions.", "relations": [ 1204, 1231 ], "bookId": 65496, "colorAllocation": "9664e970ebab07d0e77187c409066916acf5b80cdbe7b77a75332ceb67ceedea" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-ideal-drawing", "workingId": "w1960", "checkedId": 1984, "anchor": "#057243", "anchorName": "biz-milayi", "name": "an ideal figure distinguished from its drawing", "definition": "A mathematical figure specified by exact properties is distinguished from its material drawing, whose lines have thickness and irregularities. The drawing helps track the reasoning but its measured appearance does not establish the ideal properties.", "relations": [ 1437, 1461 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "515065081ec9248dde671aca6e6f6e80ecb90849b2a388cc58ef2f04df515014" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-construction-permission", "workingId": "w1961", "checkedId": 1985, "anchor": "#057244", "anchorName": "biz-mimaye", "name": "a permitted primitive construction", "definition": "An operation explicitly allowed as a starting point of a construction system, such as drawing a straight line through given points or a circle with a specified center and radius. Further constructions must be justified from the allowed operations and established results.", "relations": [ 55, 1476 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "b590cd7711cee06f5907ea0fb3de511167adc6ee759ad437edf2707310e11eb6" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-construct-proof", "workingId": "w1962", "checkedId": 1986, "anchor": "#057245", "anchorName": "biz-minaye", "name": "construction distinguished from its correctness proof", "definition": "Producing a figure by a stated procedure is distinguished from proving that it has the required properties. A successful-looking diagram does not replace the demonstration that the procedure answers the problem under its conditions.", "relations": [ 99, 36 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "eb995ed7f26e3a934829dcd1e848dd9b3a7d97cd9be6f21d9f225115e406bda6" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-hypothesis-conclusion", "workingId": "w1963", "checkedId": 1987, "anchor": "#057246", "anchorName": "biz-mipayi", "name": "hypothesis and conclusion of a theorem", "definition": "The separation between what a theorem assumes and what it claims follows. Establishing the implication does not establish that the hypothesis holds in a proposed application.", "relations": [ 55, 96 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "f48cf8fc47ad0ff08b1b7c2c4e560bcaf41c937bcea2a47d6e68c7b404fc30e4" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-converse", "workingId": "w1964", "checkedId": 1988, "anchor": "#057247", "anchorName": "biz-mirayo", "name": "the converse of a conditional statement", "definition": "A conditional statement formed by exchanging the original hypothesis and conclusion. The converse requires its own justification; the truth of an implication alone does not establish the implication in reverse.", "relations": [ 1438, 55 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "d18c3a58486741a24e7c399833fc8a8db0b831b590be22619d9bfc60fc548b5b" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-contrapositive", "workingId": "w1965", "checkedId": 1989, "anchor": "#057248", "anchorName": "biz-misaya", "name": "contrapositive under classical implication", "definition": "For a classical implication from P to Q, the equivalent implication from not-Q to not-P. Negating and reversing both sides differs from merely reversing the original statement.", "relations": [ 1438, 1988 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "3c86583c4a40db0195e581ff90c70387d9d00ac4614278f230edf3de639d2f78" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-lemma", "workingId": "w1966", "checkedId": 1990, "anchor": "#057249", "anchorName": "biz-miteyi", "name": "a supporting lemma", "definition": "A proposition established for use within the demonstration of another proposition. Its supporting role does not make it exempt from proof or prevent it from having uses beyond that demonstration.", "relations": [ 1476, 1987 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "f9fc3f57dc5d293db9e1261ab16795475669e1893e358a01b9199dec4722646f" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-congruence", "workingId": "w1967", "checkedId": 1991, "anchor": "#05724A", "anchorName": "biz-miveye", "name": "geometric congruence", "definition": "Agreement of figures in shape and size under a distance-preserving placement, with position allowed to differ. Equal area alone does not establish congruence.", "relations": [ 1437, 1474 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "f1c979c6df9ad099be0f19aecd81179aaca873a5fddda0c676eed50b82fb4fd3" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-area-congruence", "workingId": "w1968", "checkedId": 1992, "anchor": "#05724B", "anchorName": "biz-miweya", "name": "equal area without congruence", "definition": "Equality of the area of plane figures that need not have the same shape or match under rigid placement. Rearranging equal pieces can establish an area relation without establishing congruence of the whole figures.", "relations": [ 1991, 1473 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "8a768e349d9affe11ee00afedaef9a14ba2d00e5098d08db89ca2dc148a5c29d" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-area-distribution", "workingId": "w1969", "checkedId": 1993, "anchor": "#05724C", "anchorName": "biz-miyeyo", "name": "area decomposition expressing distributivity", "definition": "Partitioning a rectangle across one dimension so its whole area equals the sum of the rectangular parts. With compatible length units, this represents multiplication distributing over addition while keeping length and area distinct.", "relations": [ 1473, 1447 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "76c282910576ea1feff1ec8f54149938d882a9770529a435e836666370e0c572" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-right-triangle-squares", "workingId": "w1970", "checkedId": 1994, "anchor": "#05724D", "anchorName": "biz-mibheyo", "name": "the right-triangle relation among squared lengths", "definition": "For a Euclidean right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse length equals the sum of the squares of the other two side lengths. The right-angle condition and the common length unit are part of the statement.", "relations": [ 1473, 1987 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "843df583bc263187fc41f6b5f287082b29bc230de89a6f94a2f08ef2bcf13c61" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-chord-secant", "workingId": "w1971", "checkedId": 1995, "anchor": "#05724E", "anchorName": "biz-midheya", "name": "a chord distinguished from its secant line", "definition": "A chord is the segment joining two points of a circle; its secant line continues through those points beyond the segment. The finite segment and the full line have different roles in constructions and intersection questions.", "relations": [ 1985, 1457 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "23155f93109b683d87e1d9b1ee013fa5238310b32466075381008d6d64541c53" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-circle-tangent", "workingId": "w1972", "checkedId": 1996, "anchor": "#05724F", "anchorName": "biz-mirheye", "name": "tangency to a circle", "definition": "A line meeting a nondegenerate Euclidean circle at exactly one point. This circle-specific characterization is not by itself a definition of tangency to every possible curve.", "relations": [ 1457, 96 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "3fdf9478c86db0ca106a0a3b0cac42dcf24bf976201eda02185acde1efe04615" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-commensurability", "workingId": "w1973", "checkedId": 1997, "anchor": "#057250", "anchorName": "biz-miceyi", "name": "commensurable magnitudes", "definition": "Positive magnitudes of the same kind that are whole-number multiples of a shared positive unit. Failure to find such a common measure in a particular search does not alone prove that none exists.", "relations": [ 1473, 1474 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "f006f81ae1b92d4a5718d3381cbb1a8a197ae44657f5f4520512c8b2ace647b6" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-ratio-order", "workingId": "w1974", "checkedId": 1998, "anchor": "#057251", "anchorName": "biz-mifeya", "name": "orientation retained in a ratio", "definition": "A ratio keeps its antecedent and consequent in specified order. Reversing the order generally produces the reciprocal, so naming two magnitudes without their roles leaves the comparison incomplete.", "relations": [ 1453, 1473 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "93aba9a1e8010d07b7a402b112c73a73bbbe38dc040eaa2282534f1a3676fb41" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-ratio-multiples", "workingId": "w1975", "checkedId": 1999, "anchor": "#057252", "anchorName": "biz-miheyo", "name": "equality of ratios through all whole-number comparisons", "definition": "For positive comparable magnitudes, two ratios agree when every pair of positive whole-number multipliers gives the same less-than, equal-to or greater-than comparison in both pairs. A few matching numerical trials do not establish this universal condition.", "relations": [ 1438, 1998, 1997 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "e996b3836f0a538c6dd79d29da66219df4c19aab36f241f8ce49153befa6d5a7" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-geometric-similarity", "workingId": "w1976", "checkedId": 2000, "anchor": "#057253", "anchorName": "biz-mijeyi", "name": "geometric similarity distinguished from size equality", "definition": "Agreement of corresponding angles and proportionality of corresponding sides in the figures under comparison. Similar figures may differ in size; congruence adds equality of size.", "relations": [ 1991, 1998 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "b39cf3da8d06c8f2ab51bd2e50452945c4c94f9c97005688d9099b32f213e1c6" }, { "key": "b50-pg21076-definition-theorem", "workingId": "w1977", "checkedId": 2001, "anchor": "#057254", "anchorName": "biz-mikeye", "name": "a defining convention distinguished from a derived property", "definition": "A convention fixing how a term is used is distinguished from a property that follows from already accepted meanings and premises. Labelling a statement a definition cannot remove a proof obligation created by the surrounding theory.", "relations": [ 55, 1445 ], "bookId": 21076, "colorAllocation": "aee8f3a7556594805f6211139a0796a75876f9f140cbee3c57a28187297fc1e3" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-capacity-direction", "workingId": "w1978", "checkedId": 2002, "anchor": "#057255", "anchorName": "biz-miqeye", "name": "a capacity’s value conditioned by its use", "definition": "A talent, resource or firmness of temperament can serve harmful as well as beneficial purposes. Possessing an effective capacity is distinguished from the moral direction of the will that uses it.", "relations": [ 1208, 43 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "b2c619c7a2cfdf58e962bdcff11b421f35a269772e4bcace74cd0f7302e7ced4" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-good-will", "workingId": "w1979", "checkedId": 2003, "anchor": "#057256", "anchorName": "biz-mixeyi", "name": "Kantian good will independent of achieved success", "definition": "Kant’s proposed unconditional worth of willing rightly, distinguished from success, usefulness and fortune. It requires summoning available means, not merely wishing for a good outcome; the theory’s evaluation of willing remains distinct from an account of consequences.", "relations": [ 1415, 55 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "13c01ebcb35b3955f1c4719c2842e5c4323bfc78caa3fcc31a9d4432be5b08ba" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-accord-from-duty", "workingId": "w1980", "checkedId": 2004, "anchor": "#057257", "anchorName": "biz-mizeyo", "name": "conduct in accordance with duty versus conduct from duty", "definition": "The distinction between outward conformity to an obligation and acting because the obligation is recognized. Advantage or inclination can produce the same visible action, leaving its determining principle a separate question.", "relations": [ 1424, 1418 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "61bbc5a2000f4b88b1b3a00cb26c9f4b40951df294cc28868806a1ac994e8337" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-maxim", "workingId": "w1981", "checkedId": 2005, "anchor": "#057258", "anchorName": "biz-micheya", "name": "a maxim as a principle of willing", "definition": "A subjective practical principle describing how an agent proposes to act under specified circumstances for an end. Its role is distinct from the observed act and from a law claimed to bind all rational agents.", "relations": [ 55, 1445 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "577302c09598c8756280137caa1c650bad2aace0200e59ff3380713f502d18f3" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-conditional-imperative", "workingId": "w1982", "checkedId": 2006, "anchor": "#057259", "anchorName": "biz-migheyi", "name": "a hypothetical imperative", "definition": "A requirement to take an action as a means to an end that is willed or might be willed. Its practical necessity depends on the end; abandoning that end changes the basis of the requirement.", "relations": [ 96, 55 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "ef8b41e0a5a9ebc0b199545ab43a25834b042834081511ed8d2ee3c5cb4962b6" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-categorical-imperative", "workingId": "w1983", "checkedId": 2007, "anchor": "#05725A", "anchorName": "biz-mikheye", "name": "a categorical imperative", "definition": "In Kant’s account, a practical requirement represented as binding without depending on a further desired end. Calling a demand categorical states its claimed form of authority, not proof that a particular demand is valid.", "relations": [ 55, 2006 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "ede08db9f05fc2603cf515ecee7a4fd2c0ae3c4f73693197685b70609a82cbe0" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-universal-maxim", "workingId": "w1984", "checkedId": 2008, "anchor": "#05725B", "anchorName": "biz-mipheya", "name": "universalizability of a maxim", "definition": "Kant’s test of whether an agent can will the principle of an action as a universal law. The test concerns the stated maxim and its universal form, rather than a prediction that everyone will perform the same isolated act.", "relations": [ 2005, 2007, 1438 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "cd1e0754a6a8e91a92161c97e9a0234cbcbb7e2d969b66752a3f02d3694a1efb" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-universal-failure", "workingId": "w1985", "checkedId": 2009, "anchor": "#05725C", "anchorName": "biz-misheyo", "name": "contradiction in conception versus contradiction in willing", "definition": "Kant’s distinction between a maxim that cannot coherently be conceived as universal law and one whose universal form can be conceived but cannot consistently be willed. The two failures ground different kinds of duty in his argument.", "relations": [ 2008, 1426 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "b049c13cb4e8ba9cdd42e0c2c04045cc916d21aa8e46b7dfe40b3cfa4b2bcd31" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-example-standard", "workingId": "w1986", "checkedId": 2010, "anchor": "#05725D", "anchorName": "biz-mitheyo", "name": "a moral example judged by a prior standard", "definition": "An exemplary person or act must be assessed by a principle of goodness before serving as a model. Admiration and imitation cannot alone determine the standard that makes the example worthy.", "relations": [ 1155, 1418 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "797eab85771efce4d5260d5414f82dc9b8d3241cf39916de9a163a2e639f9bbf" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-mere-means", "workingId": "w1987", "checkedId": 2011, "anchor": "#05725E", "anchorName": "biz-miwheya", "name": "a person treated merely as a means", "definition": "Using another rational agent in a way that excludes that agent’s standing as an end and participation in the purpose of the action. In Kant’s lying-promise example, deception prevents assent to the actual plan; ordinary mutual usefulness is not thereby prohibited.", "relations": [ 43, 1414 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "448ff55f74d5e71692bdba95cc004aff2b9d65948d178b90d0a1c5f2a48dcff2" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-dignity-equivalent", "workingId": "w1988", "checkedId": 2012, "anchor": "#05725F", "anchorName": "biz-mizheye", "name": "dignity distinguished from exchangeable value", "definition": "Kant’s distinction between what admits an equivalent replacement and the intrinsic worth he assigns to rational moral agency. Dignity in this account is not a higher market price or a measurement of usefulness.", "relations": [ 43, 2011 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "bbf4588f8258aaef52ddf5b5ad0cf070eb88b84eefd3a2355c44624725734d99" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-self-legislation", "workingId": "w1989", "checkedId": 2013, "anchor": "#057260", "anchorName": "biz-mobeyi", "name": "autonomy as universal self-legislation", "definition": "Kant’s conception of a will giving itself a law whose maxims can hold universally, rather than receiving its determining rule from a desired object. Autonomy here is not simply doing whatever one happens to prefer.", "relations": [ 2008, 40 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "b1ab89469fa0b3982e81bb208a9f84de308363c54f07ea4bb7d805b610d96421" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-heteronomy", "workingId": "w1990", "checkedId": 2014, "anchor": "#057261", "anchorName": "biz-modeya", "name": "heteronomy of a practical principle", "definition": "In Kant’s account, determination of the will by an object or interest whose attainment supplies the reason to act. The resulting requirement remains conditioned by that relation, even where the sought object is admirable.", "relations": [ 2006, 2013 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "4a2cd2ed13697d67960cd678efe74268993047b28c7882b6e2796746cfab19df" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-kingdom-ends", "workingId": "w1991", "checkedId": 2015, "anchor": "#057262", "anchorName": "biz-mogeyo", "name": "a kingdom of ends", "definition": "Kant’s ideal systematic union of rational beings under common laws, each regarded as an end and as a participant in universal legislation. It is an organizing ideal, not a claim that such a political institution already exists.", "relations": [ 2013, 2011, 97 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "67e8d71ebec5c8076df2ad92f7b715b15fb64891bf382561bd57bd11044179f1" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-practical-freedom", "workingId": "w1992", "checkedId": 2016, "anchor": "#057263", "anchorName": "biz-moleyi", "name": "freedom presupposed for practical deliberation", "definition": "Kant’s proposal that a rational will must act under the idea of freedom, distinguished from a theoretical demonstration of freedom as an observable causal property. Practical commitment and explanatory proof have different roles in the argument.", "relations": [ 55, 96, 2013 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "21937295edb7dcb586dc37c9c07261cdf15128bd7db4a77801a76a8ec77b774d" }, { "key": "b50-pg5682-explanation-limit", "workingId": "w1993", "checkedId": 2017, "anchor": "#057264", "anchorName": "biz-momeye", "name": "a practical justification with an admitted explanatory limit", "definition": "An argument may claim sufficient grounds for a practical stance while acknowledging that it cannot explain how the required underlying possibility occurs. The acknowledged limit must remain part of the justification’s scope.", "relations": [ 56, 96, 2016 ], "bookId": 5682, "colorAllocation": "9189a489ed3b6b07a28d1f6acdb438db0f818ce884eaef43b6263f3c565d1892" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-pressure-release", "workingId": "w1994", "checkedId": 2018, "anchor": "#057265", "anchorName": "biz-moneye", "name": "pressure-actuated relief", "definition": "A closure held by a resisting load opens when pressure force exceeds that load, allowing fluid to escape and reducing pressure. The mechanism’s protective effect depends on its setting, condition and adequate flow capacity.", "relations": [ 81, 55 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "185d7dc55e73b2179af3251b3aa420dc63d9b8b4b3549561378bcd23be7af457" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-rotational-buffer", "workingId": "w1995", "checkedId": 2019, "anchor": "#057266", "anchorName": "biz-mopeyi", "name": "rotational energy buffering", "definition": "Storing energy in a rotating mass so it can carry a mechanism through intervals of weak driving torque and moderate short-term speed changes. Buffering supplies continuity, not a source of net energy.", "relations": [ 81, 1473 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "622d72d95183eed0afc55b93887e8ed45d3243fdf850a91d62a155c07c392082" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-governor", "workingId": "w1996", "checkedId": 2020, "anchor": "#057267", "anchorName": "biz-moreyo", "name": "speed regulation through negative feedback", "definition": "A mechanism in which an increase in measured speed reduces driving input, while a decrease permits more input. Its regulating action depends on responsiveness and tuning; naming the loop does not establish perfect constancy.", "relations": [ 81, 56 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "99c10a9a67b81dc4ccd59671d6169e5a968f8ffa7de32e819a38d8311035b924" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-response-timescale", "workingId": "w1997", "checkedId": 2021, "anchor": "#057268", "anchorName": "biz-moseya", "name": "control response matched to disturbance timescale", "definition": "A regulating mechanism must respond on a timescale appropriate to the disturbances it is meant to limit. Stored inertia that softens a change in one system may be absent in another, requiring a quicker control response.", "relations": [ 2020, 2019, 81 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "2101f526f0831b8cbc3d128fd8ace83a46cfbd78729ef274d788b9a7ccc3c3b6" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-condenser-functions", "workingId": "w1998", "checkedId": 2022, "anchor": "#057269", "anchorName": "biz-moteyi", "name": "condensation serving recovery and pressure reduction", "definition": "Condensing an exhaust vapor can both recover liquid for reuse and lower the pressure against which an engine exhausts. These are distinct benefits of one process and should not be reduced to a single purpose.", "relations": [ 1247, 1254 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "ddf5ea303653873edcb12c4fb0ee00ce8f4b73a8fd7cfe0da3361978aa8823a0" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-separate-exchange", "workingId": "w1999", "checkedId": 2023, "anchor": "#05726A", "anchorName": "biz-moveye", "name": "heat exchange without intended fluid mixing", "definition": "Transfer of heat across separating surfaces while the hot and cold fluid streams remain in their own paths. Thermal contact and material mixing are distinct design choices.", "relations": [ 1240, 1262 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "371c25d6357676350f8762e71146739749f762e68820f803394817663a2b8832" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-clutch", "workingId": "w2000", "checkedId": 2024, "anchor": "#05726B", "anchorName": "biz-moweya", "name": "selective mechanical coupling", "definition": "A mechanism that can connect or disconnect a driving member from a driven member, allowing motion or torque transfer to be engaged when required. Coupling and changing a transmission ratio are different functions.", "relations": [ 40, 55 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "036e04689baaa96bffc293c32cb6a46d4ddb4b26081e2a2a4d24c084ce4ffc89" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-gear-ratio", "workingId": "w2001", "checkedId": 2025, "anchor": "#05726C", "anchorName": "biz-moyeyo", "name": "transmission ratio adapted to operating load", "definition": "Choosing a mechanical speed ratio so a prime mover can operate usefully while the driven load requires a different speed and torque. A change of ratio trades motion characteristics rather than creating energy.", "relations": [ 1473, 2024 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "dd797c587635b7ba8b5c67badf291c12d4eabcc8b01e1f92ddd792729a3b625c" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-differential", "workingId": "w2002", "checkedId": 2026, "anchor": "#05726D", "anchorName": "biz-mobheyo", "name": "shared drive with unequal output speeds", "definition": "A differential arrangement allowing two driven outputs to rotate at different speeds while retaining a specified relationship to their common drive. Unequal wheel travel on a curve need not require one output to cease being driven.", "relations": [ 2025, 1442 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "f5f67f1100862e2117525598720af5c4408c4d94d9813999879dc5cbfef81b9a" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-relay", "workingId": "w2003", "checkedId": 2027, "anchor": "#05726E", "anchorName": "biz-modheya", "name": "a weak signal controlling local power", "definition": "Using a low-energy incoming signal to switch a separately powered local circuit. The signal carries control while the local source supplies the energy needed by the output device.", "relations": [ 61, 1445 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "603778c0844634c8eb2f0b5ea29ea001492c156665f0bcc62289014db9da5080" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-interlock", "workingId": "w2004", "checkedId": 2028, "anchor": "#05726F", "anchorName": "biz-morheye", "name": "an interlock enforcing compatible states", "definition": "A mechanism that prevents a control action until required related components occupy compatible states. It constrains possible sequences rather than relying only on an operator remembering an instruction.", "relations": [ 60, 81 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "86f8c23c978ee5b927604e5a53fc1081fe62f456d1714cd062a1783b44dfc132" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-optical-errors", "workingId": "w2005", "checkedId": 2029, "anchor": "#057270", "anchorName": "biz-moceyi", "name": "separate correction of distinct optical errors", "definition": "Correcting one source of image error does not establish correction of another. Dispersion across colors and different focusing of central and marginal rays require distinguishable tests and remedies.", "relations": [ 99, 55 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "b63f4d466c3cc6176cb3bbdc39a23775e61bc87099e13aeeaf5ff7123ae1e804" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-pressure-seal", "workingId": "w2006", "checkedId": 2030, "anchor": "#057271", "anchorName": "biz-mofeya", "name": "a seal tightened by the pressure it contains", "definition": "A flexible sealing element arranged so increasing internal pressure presses its edges more firmly against the surfaces that would otherwise leak. The contained force contributes to the seal instead of requiring only a fixed external squeeze.", "relations": [ 81, 2018 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "e96d0dbb576d023eef1f5b833f9ba8b4623dcdd31a9369bf9e743ccbc8f22704" }, { "key": "b50-pg28553-clock-control", "workingId": "w2007", "checkedId": 2031, "anchor": "#057272", "anchorName": "biz-moheyo", "name": "timekeeping control distinguished from driving power", "definition": "In a mechanical timepiece, an oscillating regulator controls the rate at which stored energy is released through the mechanism. The regulator’s timing role is distinguished from the spring or weight supplying the driving energy.", "relations": [ 1475, 2027 ], "bookId": 28553, "colorAllocation": "f275defad9f4e8f081770c6e3abe02ce52017be1e4c4fdfd76586d0a87dad592" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-name-explanation", "workingId": "w2008", "checkedId": 2032, "anchor": "#057273", "anchorName": "biz-mojeyi", "name": "a familiar psychological name mistaken for explanation", "definition": "Treating a familiar label for a mental performance as though it explained the processes producing it. Everyday fluency with words such as attention or imagination can conceal unresolved questions about how the named activity occurs.", "relations": [ 1445, 55 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "6aa0964149c2890830f453ad7584a5df7b2075667695b803715ce4e617829352" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-observer-latency", "workingId": "w2009", "checkedId": 2033, "anchor": "#057274", "anchorName": "biz-mokeye", "name": "observer timing differences as measurement conditions", "definition": "Systematic differences in how observers coordinate a perception and a response can affect recorded times. A discrepancy between observers may require calibration or investigation rather than immediate attribution to carelessness.", "relations": [ 1474, 1336 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "ad49341da5e216bc3904f562dbc8aa447da8eab500df4abf49f1f62c2c1024a2" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-simultaneous-selection", "workingId": "w2010", "checkedId": 2034, "anchor": "#057275", "anchorName": "biz-moqeye", "name": "selective response to simultaneous impressions", "definition": "When several impressions are available at once, only some may receive a distinct immediate response while others remain background. Sequential exposure and simultaneous presentation need not yield the same accessible content.", "relations": [ 1175, 56 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "ebf61dd09e3ab0dcacbfd06b1bafe7459a037026b2f88b42a64270a3c17929a3" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-task-directed-noticing", "workingId": "w2011", "checkedId": 2035, "anchor": "#057276", "anchorName": "biz-moxeyi", "name": "what is noticed depends on the reading task", "definition": "Directing attention toward one aspect of material can leave another aspect unnoticed, so checking meaning, style and typographical form may require different passes. Exposure to the same material does not establish that every relevant feature was examined.", "relations": [ 1151, 1336 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "391084e93799fea1caa7d34e79c5285e2e4a63e568a76f10a3ab6ceef171f351" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-primed-noticing", "workingId": "w2012", "checkedId": 2036, "anchor": "#057277", "anchorName": "biz-mozeyo", "name": "prior thought preparing what is noticed", "definition": "A recently activated idea can make a related impression easier to notice when it appears. The preparation changes accessibility, not necessarily the strength or truth of the external stimulus.", "relations": [ 1210, 55 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "9d0399af725d6878316e74b9d58696d553d71dabe49238610ac59b3b33f4cef3" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-recall-completion", "workingId": "w2013", "checkedId": 2037, "anchor": "#057278", "anchorName": "biz-mocheya", "name": "memory completing beyond a present cue", "definition": "A present fragment evokes connections from earlier experience, making absent details or anticipated continuations available. The recovered connection is not guaranteed to describe the current situation simply because it was associated before.", "relations": [ 68, 1191 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "fd780a448e152e95853baf127a5211d011cebf74295705fd860dfef109521333" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-relearning-evidence", "workingId": "w2014", "checkedId": 2038, "anchor": "#057279", "anchorName": "biz-mogheyi", "name": "retention evidenced through relearning", "definition": "Previous learning can affect the effort needed to learn material again even when immediate voluntary recall fails. Relearning performance and current ability to reproduce the material are distinct measures.", "relations": [ 1327, 99 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "a6004bc46d7c165d8716cac1fe294d574d0de3847fd9795b9d676eb69460fa0b" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-spaced-practice", "workingId": "w2015", "checkedId": 2039, "anchor": "#05727A", "anchorName": "biz-mokheye", "name": "practice distributed across separated sessions", "definition": "Dividing learning attempts among sessions separated by pauses, distinguished from concentrating the same work into one uninterrupted session. Any claimed advantage requires attention to material, interval and criterion of success.", "relations": [ 1152, 56 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "109e2313d0cb302af03b426d930617d8573e728a8eb1e45097300b540e2467b7" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-learning-grain", "workingId": "w2016", "checkedId": 2040, "anchor": "#05727B", "anchorName": "biz-mopheya", "name": "learning units aligned with intended reproduction", "definition": "Choosing whether to learn a sequence as a whole or in parts according to the continuity required when it is later reproduced. Artificial divisions can alter transitions; the suitable unit remains a question of task and evidence.", "relations": [ 1151, 1175 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "1060931981be2fb80dede20aaf7232461dbaaaf7a2c0a067f92b9fd77bd78c26" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-practice-dimensions", "workingId": "w2017", "checkedId": 2041, "anchor": "#05727C", "anchorName": "biz-mosheyo", "name": "multiple dimensions of improvement through practice", "definition": "Practice may change accuracy, speed, sensitivity, scope or endurance in different ways. Improvement on one dimension does not establish equivalent improvement on every other dimension.", "relations": [ 1336, 1327 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "74bb7f40b8a70c7ed4e270ebcef858e732587b399292f7cdc4a7a245a0c90ca3" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-automatic-skill", "workingId": "w2018", "checkedId": 2042, "anchor": "#05727D", "anchorName": "biz-motheyo", "name": "learned performance with reduced conscious mediation", "definition": "A practiced activity can be carried out with less explicit attention to its intermediate steps than was required while learning it. Reduced conscious mediation is distinct from innate ability and does not imply immunity to error.", "relations": [ 1152, 1444 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "562847132b139579596fef7a6d5227f7fd594f6c5548dcca7bb4a0f82b8023ff" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-practice-fatigue", "workingId": "w2019", "checkedId": 2043, "anchor": "#05727E", "anchorName": "biz-mowheya", "name": "repetition that trains versus repetition that fatigues", "definition": "Repeated performance can contribute to skill while also producing short-term deterioration when sustained too long. Learning effects and present fatigue can coexist and must not be inferred from repetition count alone.", "relations": [ 1195, 1327 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "7f32c2f0254e705c794f53bb917686e287dde651d408193542cbd8d9671ea655" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-percept-construction", "workingId": "w2020", "checkedId": 2044, "anchor": "#05727F", "anchorName": "biz-mozheye", "name": "perception shaped by stimulation and prior disposition", "definition": "A percept can be jointly shaped by sensory stimulation and expectations or dispositions already present. The experience need not present these contributions separately, so their roles may require comparative investigation.", "relations": [ 55, 99 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "690a6810f9b02bdd833b0939c9a090769e0cf1fc486885408d9e35a700e5df58" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-useful-error", "workingId": "w2021", "checkedId": 2045, "anchor": "#057280", "anchorName": "biz-nabeyi", "name": "an ordinarily useful perceptual process producing error", "definition": "A process that usually helps organize surroundings can mislead in an unusual configuration or context. An illusion can expose the ordinary process’s conditions rather than necessarily indicating pathology.", "relations": [ 1285, 55 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "ba1d9a96dfe82077ca5c1f10f680f54c3919e9c0bbaa7669278b74ef04739862" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-assent-influence", "workingId": "w2022", "checkedId": 2046, "anchor": "#057281", "anchorName": "biz-nadeya", "name": "social repetition distinguished from evidential support", "definition": "Repeated confident expression within a trusted group can strengthen assent without supplying additional independent evidence. The social origin of confidence and the truth of the proposition remain separate questions.", "relations": [ 1167, 1419 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "a7304887fc791d194ae63642424ea9054519db4d1c5986f1543a2c5403227fc2" }, { "key": "b50-pg52823-need-belief", "workingId": "w2023", "checkedId": 2047, "anchor": "#057282", "anchorName": "biz-nageyo", "name": "a felt need sustaining an untested belief", "definition": "A desired remedy or answer can make a belief attractive and persistent when available experience neither establishes nor decisively contradicts it. The importance of the need does not itself verify the proposed answer.", "relations": [ 55, 56 ], "bookId": 52823, "colorAllocation": "983cc74f8884591774b3a4f84bcf81b82b928a5ad5f3eed70d226a897f1e2549" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-application-value", "workingId": "w2024", "checkedId": 2048, "anchor": "#057283", "anchorName": "biz-naleyi", "name": "capacity distinguished from its application", "definition": "The same effective capacity can yield different outcomes when placed in different activities, scales or institutions. Assessing a thing only through its customary use can conceal another application without establishing that every new use is desirable.", "relations": [ 1204, 55 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "0dfb5a153489b03ebda5d2e123c40e6c996bc33fd431c75df1f43d804e907e12" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-scale-use", "workingId": "w2025", "checkedId": 2049, "anchor": "#057284", "anchorName": "biz-nameye", "name": "usefulness judged at the wrong scale", "definition": "A judgment of uselessness produced by testing an object only against tasks whose scale does not fit it. Reconsidering the task can disclose a use that failure under the original test did not exclude.", "relations": [ 1150, 1165 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "c00f820be2267d66681f2e267a34cc4c5950a3a340d927cc08549452467847b4" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-unexploitable", "workingId": "w2026", "checkedId": 2050, "anchor": "#057285", "anchorName": "biz-naneue", "name": "protection through unattractiveness to extraction", "definition": "A condition in which lacking qualities valued by extractive users reduces the likelihood of being taken, cut down or consumed. The protective effect depends on what those users seek and is not a general virtue of incapacity.", "relations": [ 78, 128 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "d9e77a620f6196ec12cd604907ca53c9790ce24c10d059ee4526d7d93c179603" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-value-reversal", "workingId": "w2027", "checkedId": 2051, "anchor": "#057286", "anchorName": "biz-napeui", "name": "a protective trait reversed by a changed setting", "definition": "A characteristic that preserves a being in one setting exposes it to harm in another because the surrounding agents apply different selection criteria. A successful local strategy therefore cannot be transferred without examining the new context.", "relations": [ 96, 2050 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "8c48e02224e35199d3ba2f052ca23a6d47da695c02b730195fde4c041273e49a" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-joint-path", "workingId": "w2028", "checkedId": 2052, "anchor": "#057287", "anchorName": "biz-nareuo", "name": "skilled action following available openings", "definition": "A mode of action that follows the material’s existing articulations and spaces instead of overcoming every obstacle by force. Competence lies partly in recognizing where action can pass with less resistance, not merely in applying greater power.", "relations": [ 1152, 1336 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "3ab05b654d92c51519bdfdb9b756df15729e2a1598b3b21a491b8d1b5b017271" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-cautious-mastery", "workingId": "w2029", "checkedId": 2053, "anchor": "#057288", "anchorName": "biz-naseua", "name": "mastery that slows at a difficult point", "definition": "Expert performance that includes renewed attention, restraint and slower action when a difficult configuration is encountered. Fluid routine and deliberate caution are complementary responses rather than mutually exclusive marks of competence.", "relations": [ 2052, 1336 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "f8a5cc1cf5cadef9aa462bcc86587dfe24307efac22a5a3a9c8452ffa100d574" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-tacit-transfer", "workingId": "w2030", "checkedId": 2054, "anchor": "#057289", "anchorName": "biz-nateui", "name": "a limit to verbal transfer of practical judgment", "definition": "A difficulty in conveying through words alone the fine coordination needed for a practical activity. A description may survive its maker while some discriminations embodied in performance still require learning through activity.", "relations": [ 1152, 1389 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "9140488712b0b5b08a49329e0ae50480ce79eac8be064025522fe6067cafced7" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-dream-identity", "workingId": "w2031", "checkedId": 2055, "anchor": "#05728A", "anchorName": "biz-naveue", "name": "identity questioned across experienced transformations", "definition": "A narrative question in which incompatible experienced standpoints unsettle certainty about which identity supplies the final frame. The question preserves a distinction between experiences while withholding an uncomplicated account of their relation.", "relations": [ 122, 56 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "501168e2dcba2819bbd96e8b110f7d8081b61b3752ceb8dee5a852543e1e3620" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-normalizing-gift", "workingId": "w2032", "checkedId": 2056, "anchor": "#05728B", "anchorName": "biz-naweua", "name": "harm through an imposed normal form", "definition": "An intervention intended as a benefit that damages its recipient by imposing a form assumed normal for others. Good intentions and familiar anatomy or practice do not establish that the recipient needs the proposed alteration.", "relations": [ 1383, 1326 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "45cc35403ea6c6c7951425eb5f6234cba227e60e2dc4d7414c9cd02958c940f4" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-constituted-needs", "workingId": "w2033", "checkedId": 2057, "anchor": "#05728C", "anchorName": "biz-nayeuo", "name": "care fitted to a differently constituted recipient", "definition": "Care that considers the recipient’s own constitution, activities and conditions of flourishing instead of reproducing what pleases the giver. A valued human ceremony, food or environment may be harmful when transferred to another kind of being.", "relations": [ 1401, 1326 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "3fb75e26956a4ca4d98f1d279c4fb106680c3b2859afa5ce3d4e30f31b916b9a" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-training-cost", "workingId": "w2034", "checkedId": 2058, "anchor": "#05728D", "anchorName": "biz-nabheuo", "name": "training success measured beside imposed injury", "definition": "Assessment of a training practice that counts the injury, deprivation and loss caused in producing the desired performance. The trainer’s claim to mastery does not settle whether the transformation benefits the trained beings.", "relations": [ 1150, 128 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "1fc237cde988ce1b04cad2afac3faf2695cf4a603d40a6ce458b449c1e39f747" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-released-medium", "workingId": "w2035", "checkedId": 2059, "anchor": "#05728E", "anchorName": "biz-nadheua", "name": "an expressive means released after its purpose", "definition": "Treating a sign or device as a means to an understood object rather than preserving attachment to the means for its own sake. The invitation to move beyond words itself requires words, so the distinction does not license assuming that shared understanding already exists.", "relations": [ 61, 41, 1175 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "93d64bb4fb5403e10252a1f77cde695902765a4f4f4e1511828cd42abfaa7a91" }, { "key": "b50-pg59709-receptive-mirror", "workingId": "w2036", "checkedId": 2060, "anchor": "#05728F", "anchorName": "biz-narheue", "name": "receptivity without possessive retention", "definition": "An ideal of attention that receives what appears without compulsively grasping, rejecting or holding it. Presented through a mirror metaphor, it describes a proposed stance toward experience rather than an absence of perception or a tested psychological technique.", "relations": [ 122, 56 ], "bookId": 59709, "colorAllocation": "c9349811a766ab2fed4441983edcbdb8768006a5c6d895fcfcf78c3f7e28839d" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-surviving-rule", "workingId": "w2037", "checkedId": 2061, "anchor": "#057290", "anchorName": "biz-naceui", "name": "a surviving rule given a new rationale", "definition": "The continuation of a rule after the custom or need that produced it has disappeared, followed by a new justification that adapts the old form to a different use. The present rationale and historical origin must be investigated separately.", "relations": [ 57, 1430 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "b284bd8d8a7c8b76a0624e810be74e546387f2a2b80e71528a180297223e5ac9" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-policy-inference", "workingId": "w2038", "checkedId": 2062, "anchor": "#057291", "anchorName": "biz-nafeua", "name": "policy choice presented as deductive continuity", "definition": "A decision that appears to follow formally from inherited rules while also selecting among views of what would serve the community. Making that choice visible permits its grounds to be examined rather than treating precedent as the whole explanation.", "relations": [ 55, 1434 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "9cd89cd0a4cf9ab32ede9f2a3dd5cb6b4faab2ed80d7e0e1e3128f32bd9aa288" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-growth-inconsistency", "workingId": "w2039", "checkedId": 2063, "anchor": "#057292", "anchorName": "biz-naheuo", "name": "inconsistency produced by institutional growth", "definition": "The coexistence of newly adopted principles and inherited arrangements not yet reconciled with them. Some tension can arise from continuing adaptation rather than a single timeless design, without making every inconsistency harmless or unavoidable.", "relations": [ 57, 96 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "b24dba47ab662ccb83bb00bcbd5a3b061d80c64bb82f11ef2c4e023fa78d0f93" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-origin-justification", "workingId": "w2040", "checkedId": 2064, "anchor": "#057293", "anchorName": "biz-najeui", "name": "a rationale assessed apart from its historical origin", "definition": "Evaluation of whether a present justification is adequate even when it was invented after the rule it explains. Discovering a retrospective rationale invites scrutiny, but does not by itself prove that the rationale is false or the rule should be abandoned.", "relations": [ 55, 1434 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "f11fee549dac6df81a3d9fa99543bf0dd63cbc07bdb25423d222b4e6a53c8f4b" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-outward-standard", "workingId": "w2041", "checkedId": 2065, "anchor": "#057294", "anchorName": "biz-nakeue", "name": "an external standard distinguished from inward conscience", "definition": "A standard assessing observable conduct against specified expectations rather than making liability turn wholly on the actor’s sincere self-assessment. Holmes uses this distinction to explain legal fault while acknowledging that the resulting assessment can differ from personal moral blame.", "relations": [ 1415, 1434 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "fff3e9abbb1ac5734e684e645b4418c45c70577e77f2d03f159d1574d29454ea" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-general-burden", "workingId": "w2042", "checkedId": 2066, "anchor": "#057295", "anchorName": "biz-naqeue", "name": "the individual cost of a general conduct standard", "definition": "The burden imposed when a public rule requires a general level of conduct despite differences in personal capacity. Administrative measurability and protection of others can support generalization while leaving a separate question about its fairness to particular people.", "relations": [ 1208, 128 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "65a5ff2cf4e5fcf0cabc17ae14188e388eae702c67786478a8b1a783bd834184" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-manifest-exception", "workingId": "w2043", "checkedId": 2067, "anchor": "#057296", "anchorName": "biz-naxeui", "name": "a capacity exception within a general standard", "definition": "A qualification that adjusts required precautions when a relevant incapacity is recognized, while leaving other feasible precautions in force. An exception need not abolish responsibility altogether; its scope depends on the activity and the capacity required.", "relations": [ 2066, 96 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "fd884fb3d3e64acbf5b1064959bc9187b99e4bbced0a3c66b66faf51eaba3131" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-standard-specificity", "workingId": "w2044", "checkedId": 2068, "anchor": "#057297", "anchorName": "biz-nazeuo", "name": "a general standard refined into stated precautions", "definition": "The development of a broad requirement such as prudent care into more specific acts or omissions for recurring circumstances. The refinement aims to make expectations learnable and consistent while retaining the question of how far cases really share conditions.", "relations": [ 1426, 1327 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "4dc56992418a630e7251c8f86d483c2b5e6669b17b7f2e40aba18e06e29047b9" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-fact-consequence", "workingId": "w2045", "checkedId": 2069, "anchor": "#057298", "anchorName": "biz-nacheua", "name": "a legal category analyzed into facts and consequences", "definition": "Analysis of a legal term by separating the facts required for its application from the protections or burdens attached to those facts. A word may emphasize either side while implicitly carrying both, so the label alone does not finish the analysis.", "relations": [ 1434, 41 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "8e27c226955883baea3d54f1c813b6010d7e8a76f25174e169e83b4405947b63" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-possessory-protection", "workingId": "w2046", "checkedId": 2070, "anchor": "#057299", "anchorName": "biz-nagheui", "name": "possession protected without full ownership", "definition": "Legal protection attached to a recognized possessory situation even when it does not confer all the rights of ownership. Holding, protection and title remain distinguishable, and the extent of each depends on the relevant legal rules.", "relations": [ 2069, 1434 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "f1eeabb2a5cebc25a66e268404a3e22bf6d7741f925aa2188487cb35bcc78eaa" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-creation-continuance", "workingId": "w2047", "checkedId": 2071, "anchor": "#05729A", "anchorName": "biz-nakheue", "name": "conditions of acquisition distinguished from conditions of continuance", "definition": "The facts needed to bring a right or status into existence need not all remain presently true for it to continue. A separate rule may specify the events that preserve, transfer or end it.", "relations": [ 2069, 57 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "97fea3112ff1e4571ea930a9d1dff61971a145eff06511332493881110be3af4" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-bargained-inducement", "workingId": "w2048", "checkedId": 2072, "anchor": "#05729B", "anchorName": "biz-napheua", "name": "reciprocal inducement distinguished from private motive", "definition": "An exchange structured so that each promised or furnished item is accepted as the agreed inducement for the other, even when a participant’s strongest private motive lies elsewhere. The parties’ transactional relation is distinct from their entire psychology.", "relations": [ 1414, 41 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "3565edc851c1353827df139148ec8b1c23e65654e5f60703ec426b89b9cb2faf" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-past-act", "workingId": "w2049", "checkedId": 2073, "anchor": "#05729C", "anchorName": "biz-nasheuo", "name": "a past act distinguished from an induced exchange", "definition": "An act completed independently of a later promise is distinguishable from performance supplied in response to that promise. A later expression of reward does not by itself establish that the earlier act formed the agreed exchange.", "relations": [ 2072, 55 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "4599a765a3acd071a88101ef62d25d1a409140d7d9737bc06b6f6bdd925d5f3d" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-risk-control", "workingId": "w2050", "checkedId": 2074, "anchor": "#05729D", "anchorName": "biz-natheuo", "name": "assuming a risk without controlling its event", "definition": "Undertaking specified consequences if an event fails to occur, even when one lacks power to make the event happen. Responsibility allocated between parties is distinguishable from causal control over the event.", "relations": [ 1200, 96 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "e06dbee1bacde78db56cfefad6ce735d3c38ed741849940ce7a8b099926bad02" }, { "key": "b50-pg2449-release-rescission", "workingId": "w2051", "checkedId": 2075, "anchor": "#05729E", "anchorName": "biz-nawheua", "name": "release from further performance distinguished from undoing an exchange", "definition": "Being excused from further performance is distinct from reversing benefits already transferred under an arrangement. A breach may affect future obligations without making complete restoration of the earlier position possible.", "relations": [ 51, 57 ], "bookId": 2449, "colorAllocation": "e45a13fb340ae8049b5d48e6f3108cfe7ebe91ee5f8adca80f85831652ffd4b9" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-labor-chorus", "workingId": "w2052", "checkedId": 2076, "anchor": "#05729F", "anchorName": "biz-nazheue", "name": "a common chorus of distinct occupations", "definition": "A poetic representation of common life through many people’s situated activities, where each contributes a voice belonging to that activity rather than becoming interchangeable with the others. The chosen chorus remains a selection, not an exhaustive social census.", "relations": [ 39, 114 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "a06bf753af2ba84011b666e39f11948d723a63da6989cbd6aaeea80c040a6c7e" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-shared-matter", "workingId": "w2053", "checkedId": 2077, "anchor": "#0572A0", "anchorName": "biz-nebeui", "name": "bodily commonality as an address of equality", "definition": "An appeal to shared material existence as a ground for addressing another person as an equal. In poetry this links self-celebration to common participation without deriving a complete moral or political system from physical composition.", "relations": [ 43, 122 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "570a3a459a63d152debde9ebcb02972624e59c7a616df0775555405a0623ac11" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-inhabiting-voice", "workingId": "w2054", "checkedId": 2078, "anchor": "#0572A1", "anchorName": "biz-nedeua", "name": "empathetic identification through an adopted first person", "definition": "Speaking as if one becomes another sufferer rather than merely observing that person. The device can intensify solidarity while leaving a boundary between imaginative identification and the other person’s independently known experience.", "relations": [ 1402, 1403 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "42a55c36d1a79af469e1276fb2735cb4fd3c32f3d060496a6a690cd1c917329a" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-plural-speaker", "workingId": "w2055", "checkedId": 2079, "anchor": "#0572A2", "anchorName": "biz-negeuo", "name": "a speaker holding conflicting positions", "definition": "A poetic self presented as capacious enough to contain contrasting commitments or voices without immediately reconciling them. This can express multiplicity while leaving readers responsible for examining particular contradictions and their consequences.", "relations": [ 116, 128 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "d26814cdc0baacf55f57a6d110c05169ac43a9b02006691c3960e728e0b4e962" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-recurrent-scene", "workingId": "w2056", "checkedId": 2080, "anchor": "#0572A3", "anchorName": "biz-neleui", "name": "a recurring scene as contact across generations", "definition": "Addressing future people through an activity or setting they may encounter in their own time, using anticipated resemblance to connect separate lives. Continuity of encounter is proposed without proving identical feelings or unchanged surroundings.", "relations": [ 102, 91 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "f79aa5726397398c6c6eac7648ce4875db0bb3ee64f247b80a49b56a8d2943a8" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-admitted-shadow", "workingId": "w2057", "checkedId": 2081, "anchor": "#0572A4", "anchorName": "biz-nemeue", "name": "fellowship through admitted imperfection", "definition": "Making connection by acknowledging one’s own shame, meanness or uncertainty beside another’s, rather than presenting oneself solely as a model to imitate. Admission can lessen isolation without excusing injury or settling responsibility.", "relations": [ 1227, 56 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "0dd0a5a70711261bf6f7c3cab864c9bfa226ca58653f1e6e9513fbb9ad2d9bd8" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-presumed-reader", "workingId": "w2058", "checkedId": 2082, "anchor": "#0572A5", "anchorName": "biz-neneye", "name": "reader assent staged by a rhetorical question", "definition": "A form of address that presents shared understanding or acceptance as if it were already occurring in the reader. Its persuasive intimacy must remain distinct from an actual recorded response or agreement.", "relations": [ 41, 99 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "117bbd26c116ddbb4d72d046e7d9aac2cabe63ffa530605f9c280e3c18d8dc71" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-unspoken-affinity", "workingId": "w2059", "checkedId": 2083, "anchor": "#0572A6", "anchorName": "biz-nepeyi", "name": "affinity imagined in an unspoken encounter", "definition": "A fleeting encounter interpreted as intimate recognition despite little or no exchange of words. The imagined bond can express longing and possibility while remaining distinct from the stranger’s demonstrated history, wishes or consent.", "relations": [ 1402, 43 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "447fb4b4bba924bd0faddb0e509446d5ba29c2732428d81a30060f43119b0021" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-care-memory", "workingId": "w2060", "checkedId": 2084, "anchor": "#0572A7", "anchorName": "biz-nereyo", "name": "care as the organizing memory of war", "definition": "A retrospective account that places repeated tending of wounded people at the centre instead of making victory or battlefield spectacle the sole measure of what mattered. The change of emphasis preserves suffering beyond the event’s public outcome.", "relations": [ 1333, 68 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "41ab4db3de446d6c38265ab6ecc78e0e705b8c9b7a5d2d85e5008f78fa530eb2" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-steady-affection", "workingId": "w2061", "checkedId": 2085, "anchor": "#0572A8", "anchorName": "biz-neseya", "name": "outward steadiness with inward intensity", "definition": "A combination of controlled practical action and strong feeling that need not be visibly displayed in the action’s manner. An impassive hand can coexist with deep concern, just as an emotional display does not by itself establish competence.", "relations": [ 1336, 1333 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "c3431d26ac7be3a997c49ad65f10564c27146cff2350bc8eb711e17b750bddaa" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-vigil-after-loss", "workingId": "w2062", "checkedId": 2086, "anchor": "#0572A9", "anchorName": "biz-neteyi", "name": "continued attendance after rescue is no longer possible", "definition": "Remaining with a dead or dying person through attention, bodily care or burial when one cannot restore the life. The act sustains a relation of regard without claiming that loss has been reversed.", "relations": [ 120, 43 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "bed95a65e3e828096f043091b4761c37428ab4956ab0314320c605194b2832bf" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-enemy-mortality", "workingId": "w2063", "checkedId": 2087, "anchor": "#0572AA", "anchorName": "biz-neveye", "name": "an enemy’s mortality as an occasion for recognition", "definition": "A poetic gesture that recognizes shared human worth in the dead body of an enemy. The gesture can suspend hostility in mourning without itself establishing a settlement, restoring victims or deciding responsibility for the war.", "relations": [ 50, 1227 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "31d7e5e35d7c06e1b04ed86812ffc867e75f6c14c498799b4cdcafe030deb808" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-silent-spectator", "workingId": "w2064", "checkedId": 2088, "anchor": "#0572AB", "anchorName": "biz-neweya", "name": "witnessing suffering without an enacted response", "definition": "A portrayal of seeing and hearing many forms of distress while remaining silent and inactive within the represented scene. Attention is registered, but its practical effect and the reasons for silence remain open to judgment.", "relations": [ 1333, 1200 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "be1ccf9378b5aed84e3fcfddf44a10ce680c1bd0434c72304bd84db19b13d425" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-seeking-thread", "workingId": "w2065", "checkedId": 2089, "anchor": "#0572AC", "anchorName": "biz-neyeyo", "name": "connection attempted before an anchor is known", "definition": "An image of repeatedly extending possible connections into an uncertain field until something can hold. Persistence is directed toward discovering a relation rather than following a route already guaranteed to exist.", "relations": [ 48, 56, 122 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "f8c46db1f8182009c0d76e9d320d2dae44b81562074347037015089eddd71ae5" }, { "key": "b50-pg1322-consenting-land", "workingId": "w2066", "checkedId": 2090, "anchor": "#0572AD", "anchorName": "biz-nebheyo", "name": "displacement narrated as the displaced world’s consent", "definition": "A representation in which a land, tree or people is made to welcome its own replacement by an advancing order. The attributed welcome can legitimate expansion while remaining the narrator’s construction rather than evidence of actual consent.", "relations": [ 78, 128, 1403 ], "bookId": 1322, "colorAllocation": "20e921799926ab774e5a40e2da3130c9773c21a519249a3db24e43064d81d253" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-visible-condensate", "workingId": "w2067", "checkedId": 2091, "anchor": "#0572AE", "anchorName": "biz-nedheya", "name": "visible condensate distinguished from invisible vapour", "definition": "A distinction between water dispersed as visible fine droplets and water present as an invisible gas. The appearance or disappearance of a cloud can mark a phase change rather than the arrival or destruction of the water itself.", "relations": [ 1246, 1247 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "f5f60f5e860cf8d6dbf5392d6e74d36fc25a65f7d14381cfe066b4d321da7b06" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-expansion-cooling", "workingId": "w2068", "checkedId": 2092, "anchor": "#0572AF", "anchorName": "biz-nerheye", "name": "cooling through expansion of rising air", "definition": "The cooling associated with expansion as air rises into lower pressure, which can contribute to condensation when enough water vapour is present. The process is distinguished from merely carrying already cold air to a new place.", "relations": [ 1254, 1246 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "8fcc6066ac4b9624a8b6193d2c028a8007665ce1ea759f8c6a1886e0ed865ccd" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-terrain-precipitation", "workingId": "w2069", "checkedId": 2093, "anchor": "#0572B0", "anchorName": "biz-neceyi", "name": "terrain-induced ascent and precipitation", "definition": "A pattern in which terrain forces moist moving air upward, contributing to cooling and precipitation, so nearby locations can receive different rainfall despite connection to the same moving air. The pattern depends on conditions rather than terrain alone.", "relations": [ 2092, 96 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "16953b64cff1fa0d036a63849aaf03ede6239523f7fd597330e34d0665ebf5a7" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-stationary-throughflow", "workingId": "w2070", "checkedId": 2094, "anchor": "#0572B1", "anchorName": "biz-nefeya", "name": "a stationary pattern maintained by material turnover", "definition": "A persistent visible form maintained by continuing replacement of its material, with formation in one part and removal in another. Stability of appearance does not establish that the constituent matter is stationary.", "relations": [ 62, 1246 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "d47b7ae156470abb6b2d74a55b8dafc01e31ce22bcbadf3c28407ab5efc7a723" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-transport-trace", "workingId": "w2071", "checkedId": 2095, "anchor": "#0572B2", "anchorName": "biz-neheyo", "name": "transport inferred from material provenance", "definition": "An inference of movement from material found away from its matching source, strengthened by a plausible route and observations of displacement. Difference from the immediate surroundings supplies a question, not an automatic identification of origin.", "relations": [ 1291, 55 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "de593f3928641ea5d71f6d7ca9aa46f8375fc9ac482056af9e02c0ed6720c3ad" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-fixed-reference", "workingId": "w2072", "checkedId": 2096, "anchor": "#0572B3", "anchorName": "biz-nejeyi", "name": "displacement measured against a recoverable fixed reference", "definition": "Measurement of changing position by returning to a documented reference that is independent of the moving object. A stable, recognizable baseline makes later separation interpretable as displacement rather than an unnoticed change in the observer’s setup.", "relations": [ 1474, 36 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "8c70553d833e8325ebf0924965785dbd4edbc8560dd305e7c53ea95300610715" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-differential-motion", "workingId": "w2073", "checkedId": 2097, "anchor": "#0572B4", "anchorName": "biz-nekeye", "name": "internal deformation distinguished from bodily translation", "definition": "Movement in which parts of a body change position relative to one another, as distinct from the body moving without changing those internal relations. Measuring several points can reveal deformation that a single moving marker cannot establish.", "relations": [ 1453, 1474 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "74170ac84222a078ef84c02961e4242e5cb01f6febb3b3205c99ebaed3e2798a" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-boundary-internal", "workingId": "w2074", "checkedId": 2098, "anchor": "#0572B5", "anchorName": "biz-neqeye", "name": "boundary sliding distinguished from internal flow", "definition": "Separating motion of a body over its supporting surface from motion among parts within the body. Both can contribute to observed travel, and evidence for one mechanism does not establish that it accounts for the whole movement.", "relations": [ 2097, 55 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "253fbdd1e26dcc2a77119d1e8c2697562dcf8ece452a32e59f4fafad20667401" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-analogy-prediction", "workingId": "w2075", "checkedId": 2099, "anchor": "#0572B6", "anchorName": "biz-nexeyi", "name": "an analogy tested through a new predicted difference", "definition": "Using a resemblance between systems to predict an unmeasured contrast, then checking that contrast where conditions change. Agreement on the first resemblance is a reason to investigate further, not proof of complete equivalence.", "relations": [ 122, 1327 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "fcc72c87f7cdc4afd5f191c5a08662d7441c76a7545c417af242e1876e78b3ca" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-season-bound", "workingId": "w2076", "checkedId": 2100, "anchor": "#0572B7", "anchorName": "biz-nezeyo", "name": "an observed rate bounded by its seasonal conditions", "definition": "A measured rate whose applicability is limited by changing environmental conditions, so observations from one season do not automatically determine another’s behaviour. The boundary is part of the result rather than an optional qualification.", "relations": [ 96, 1474 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "9b7e980e7a14910f17880c38cefc8773a47d7f7535923ef9dec6eddff46579d3" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-subtractive-relief", "workingId": "w2077", "checkedId": 2101, "anchor": "#0572B8", "anchorName": "biz-necheya", "name": "apparent elevation produced by surrounding loss", "definition": "A feature that comes to stand above its surroundings because those surroundings diminish faster, rather than because the feature rises. The changing relative height must be separated from absolute upward motion.", "relations": [ 1474, 55 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "b988c4ec2e457b07370fa73117626b7edce6a9eddef69160dab4aac45e3beeec" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-cover-reversal", "workingId": "w2078", "checkedId": 2102, "anchor": "#0572B9", "anchorName": "biz-negheyi", "name": "a cover’s effect reversed by its thickness", "definition": "A covering that can aid transfer of heat when thin but inhibit it when thick enough, changing its effect on the underlying material. Surface absorption and transmission through the cover are distinct contributions.", "relations": [ 1262, 2101 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "f777d4902f7bf8463ec93df1741f4992a8eaff8aa950a4b444089cf00730c8d0" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-fact-mechanism", "workingId": "w2079", "checkedId": 2103, "anchor": "#0572BA", "anchorName": "biz-nekheye", "name": "an observed process distinguished from its proposed mechanism", "definition": "Acceptance that a process occurs is kept separate from acceptance of an explanation of how it occurs. An observation may support practical predictions while competing mechanisms remain open to further tests.", "relations": [ 56, 116 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "4dd781a88b2ff7e18928d5aa97b57289a57188ff78e75162e345da75024c8548" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-state-conditioned-response", "workingId": "w2080", "checkedId": 2104, "anchor": "#0572BB", "anchorName": "biz-nepheya", "name": "a material response conditioned by its physical state", "definition": "A material can respond differently to the same broad kind of loading when its temperature or phase conditions change. Naming the substance and the applied force is insufficient without the relevant state.", "relations": [ 1246, 96 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "b110714568042f3ce48f1bcf70211c1ff9a0d49d6aa0946b6773323c115ee86b" }, { "key": "b50-pg63803-joint-mechanisms", "workingId": "w2081", "checkedId": 2105, "anchor": "#0572BC", "anchorName": "biz-nesheyo", "name": "competing explanations considered as possible joint contributions", "definition": "A stance that tests whether proposed mechanisms may both contribute instead of assuming that one must explain every observed case. Compatibility remains a hypothesis requiring discrimination of conditions and effects.", "relations": [ 2103, 116 ], "bookId": 63803, "colorAllocation": "d38010b8f94d1e0cf7557c5c26c8b8976f0833a93dee0cae2652189a1b16e16a" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-limited-purpose", "workingId": "w2082", "checkedId": 2106, "anchor": "#0572BD", "anchorName": "biz-netheyo", "name": "a limited collective purpose displacing the whole of social life", "definition": "An arrangement in which an organization built for a particular purpose becomes the dominant measure of social life, subordinating relations and values that exceed that purpose. Efficiency at the selected task can coexist with impoverishment of the wider life it was meant to serve.", "relations": [ 1150, 43 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "d231d6cf77ffff91b43a1d034a394d581b38cf4b6d4244628caebb94b551784a" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-success-justification", "workingId": "w2083", "checkedId": 2107, "anchor": "#0572BE", "anchorName": "biz-newheya", "name": "organizational success substituted for moral justification", "definition": "Treating effectiveness in an organization’s pursuit of wealth or power as sufficient justification for its conduct. The means and effects on persons become difficult to judge when success itself supplies the only criterion.", "relations": [ 1433, 55 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "b9f5733255995a68ee884b5c547f33dd835d43e1bc7c7d9f6a02ccfc8599fe41" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-distance-responsibility", "workingId": "w2084", "checkedId": 2108, "anchor": "#0572BF", "anchorName": "biz-nezheye", "name": "administrative distance insulating decision from felt consequence", "definition": "A condition in which officials act through abstract categories at a distance from those affected, weakening contact with the suffering or aspiration their decisions shape. Lack of felt impact on the decision-maker does not make the governed person an abstraction.", "relations": [ 1402, 1333 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "10fad11d9120b6a8df26404b68a50d280dbc6c58cd36f3b7401e9367703ac395" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-blocked-capacity", "workingId": "w2085", "checkedId": 2109, "anchor": "#0572C0", "anchorName": "biz-nibeyi", "name": "restricted opportunity used as evidence of incapacity", "definition": "A pattern in which an authority limits a population’s means of development and then cites the resulting lack of achievement as evidence that the population cannot govern or develop itself. The observed performance cannot be assessed independently of the restrictions producing it.", "relations": [ 1204, 1198 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "4f687fa1e9b0aef26b5a86c295ac6c3834cb2d3a210c7aeab7b81446d390f1fb" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-order-purpose", "workingId": "w2086", "checkedId": 2110, "anchor": "#0572C1", "anchorName": "biz-nideya", "name": "public order assessed by the life it enables", "definition": "Evaluation of order and administration through the opportunities they provide for people’s development, rather than treating quiet and control as complete ends. Protection can be valuable while remaining insufficient for a flourishing life.", "relations": [ 43, 104 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "ea20f1d4617cbefb5cac01c4ff757098d1a90db521f8ba09403ee21938bfadf8" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-adjustment-room", "workingId": "w2087", "checkedId": 2111, "anchor": "#0572C2", "anchorName": "biz-nigeyo", "name": "room for adjustment distinguished from the number of obstacles", "definition": "Assessment of a constraint by how much ability people retain to respond and adapt, not only by counting inconveniences. Fewer obstacles within a rigid system may leave less agency than more obstacles within an arrangement that permits adjustment.", "relations": [ 80, 89 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "3562265fe65300cb6a8398ff9460122de89955aff948ef3babb4bd84b26ddad1" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-defensive-imitation", "workingId": "w2088", "checkedId": 2112, "anchor": "#0572C3", "anchorName": "biz-nileyi", "name": "adopting a feared system in order to resist it", "definition": "A response to external threat that reproduces the threatening system’s organizing principles in the hope of gaining defensive power. The response may preserve survival while risking the values or freedoms it was intended to protect.", "relations": [ 50, 43 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "7d023cba5ec9c57e4d6aa6fe230f867f75c6d17b247f85a7fadc46fc9783530c" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-borrowed-method", "workingId": "w2089", "checkedId": 2113, "anchor": "#0572C4", "anchorName": "biz-nimeye", "name": "borrowing knowledge without copying identity", "definition": "Acquiring methods, knowledge or training from another society while distinguishing that transfer from wholesale imitation of its temperament, styles or purposes. Learning can transform a society without requiring that every borrowed outward form define its life.", "relations": [ 39, 87 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "fd6f46be0fe93999d6e32674ca85050546e007017e56876157e7ce3a5554be57" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-protective-shell", "workingId": "w2090", "checkedId": 2114, "anchor": "#0572C5", "anchorName": "biz-nineue", "name": "protection that constrains what it was meant to preserve", "definition": "A protective arrangement that becomes rigid enough to force its beneficiary to shrink or conform to it. A device serving life can turn against that life when its own form is preserved at the expense of growth.", "relations": [ 43, 81 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "0bd20a4284b4d5c2be878eb1d280f9da2eeaa7c74a7b9272b293eb1283f63c86" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-taught-antagonism", "workingId": "w2091", "checkedId": 2115, "anchor": "#0572C6", "anchorName": "biz-nipeui", "name": "antagonism cultivated through selective collective memory", "definition": "Education and commemoration that cultivate hostility by presenting selective, distorted or humiliating accounts of other peoples. The emotional inheritance is produced through practices rather than assumed to arise naturally from difference.", "relations": [ 68, 1182 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "b48b0bf56d88d35ff93d33bcf370e4ba33c0fd0fc4c681da202938f2753db304" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-inherited-standard", "workingId": "w2092", "checkedId": 2116, "anchor": "#0572C7", "anchorName": "biz-nireuo", "name": "criticizing a power through its own professed ideals", "definition": "Appealing to an institution or culture’s stated standards to expose a gap between its conduct and its ideals. The appeal can enlist resources within the criticized tradition without requiring either wholesale rejection or uncritical admiration.", "relations": [ 45, 99 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "358f665d09567d20f8702595ebe5051b251f2ab56b652a5bb35886b3f3b25224" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-mutable-difference", "workingId": "w2093", "checkedId": 2117, "anchor": "#0572C8", "anchorName": "biz-niseua", "name": "recognized difference kept open to change", "definition": "A form of pluralism that acknowledges present differences while allowing people and groups to change their relations, occupations and affiliations. Protecting difference becomes restrictive when it fixes a contingent distinction as an immovable boundary.", "relations": [ 39, 89 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "aa77c81b1b11d34d2d6aaed185bab3c3f0b7ea0629b06534626322aed2f42dca" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-social-political", "workingId": "w2094", "checkedId": 2118, "anchor": "#0572C9", "anchorName": "biz-niteui", "name": "political independence distinguished from social freedom", "definition": "The distinction between a collective’s power to govern and the freedom of people within its social and economic relations. Release from an outside ruler does not by itself remove internal coercion or make existing hierarchies harmless.", "relations": [ 40, 43 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "903d16ed867b922ce32fe7af9e528709184d4cc265410469722b1d2b146fe291" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-habit-carries", "workingId": "w2095", "checkedId": 2119, "anchor": "#0572CA", "anchorName": "biz-niveue", "name": "social habits carried into new political institutions", "definition": "The risk that habits of exclusion, untruth or coercion learned in social life will shape newly acquired political power. Changing the formal location of authority need not change the relationships through which people exercise it.", "relations": [ 2118, 1430 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "b62d2b59a40ff0dcf65da030150bdf69e338b29c098b3e60f02c870d05b2172e" }, { "key": "b50-pg40766-admiration-recoil", "workingId": "w2096", "checkedId": 2120, "anchor": "#0572CB", "anchorName": "biz-niweua", "name": "wholesale rejection as a reversal of uncritical admiration", "definition": "A reaction in which disillusionment with a previously admired power becomes indiscriminate contempt. The reversal can preserve the earlier lack of discrimination instead of enabling a more accurate separation of contributions, harms and internal dissent.", "relations": [ 41, 116 ], "bookId": 40766, "colorAllocation": "1f6dd8f89816410f3ead72faf412fee300eec654ceaf3d460ede7065df589246" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-dependent-denial", "workingId": "w2097", "checkedId": 2121, "anchor": "#0572CC", "anchorName": "biz-niyeuo", "name": "economic dependence shaping reception of a warning", "definition": "A situation in which a community’s reliance on an institution’s income makes evidence of that institution’s danger difficult to acknowledge. The costs of remedy and lost custom become entangled with judgments about whether the warning is credible.", "relations": [ 55, 1150 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "1e632ac6e10ba70a9252ac66ab47a478fd60ee2a5475792781e5fdc66a4b9630" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-disclosure-blame", "workingId": "w2098", "checkedId": 2122, "anchor": "#0572CD", "anchorName": "biz-nibheuo", "name": "harm attributed to disclosure rather than to the disclosed condition", "definition": "Blaming a messenger for anticipated loss caused by revealing a damaging condition while leaving the condition’s origin or continuation less examined. Disclosure may have effects, but naming them does not by itself assign responsibility for the underlying danger.", "relations": [ 1202, 1186 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "44232fdff253b73c5b810eeea5570b70ea7e0ab01d50d4857155b17a2fbb81b7" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-remedy-evidence", "workingId": "w2099", "checkedId": 2123, "anchor": "#0572CE", "anchorName": "biz-nidheua", "name": "the cost of remedy distinguished from evidence of the problem", "definition": "A distinction between whether a harmful condition exists and what resources, tradeoffs or timing its remedy would require. A costly remedy can be a serious decision problem without making the evidence of harm false.", "relations": [ 55, 96 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "fe13dc4969319b8f77a9bd6ea7d2a641093e1e53ecbf9df104ffd7a93cd39ceb" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-official-silence", "workingId": "w2100", "checkedId": 2124, "anchor": "#0572CF", "anchorName": "biz-nirheue", "name": "official subordination used to restrict professional judgment", "definition": "An authority’s demand that a staff member’s public professional opinion conform to superiors’ decisions. The employment hierarchy is used to delimit what may be said, which remains distinct from showing the opinion scientifically mistaken.", "relations": [ 1186, 1198 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "50b590133bd93477f278407fc0792dad188247bb780563ae79a22cb65d08ec76" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-cost-coalition", "workingId": "w2101", "checkedId": 2125, "anchor": "#0572D0", "anchorName": "biz-niceui", "name": "support withdrawn when remedy costs reach the supporter", "definition": "A coalition that favors corrective action while expecting others to pay, then withdraws when the proposed costs fall on its own members. Changing support reveals a distributional condition without by itself deciding which cost allocation is fair.", "relations": [ 1414, 55 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "f6d5009930fcfde97b388c28c6f152853d9257292dcdf0cde57b34af9b3f8060" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-audience-veto", "workingId": "w2102", "checkedId": 2126, "anchor": "#0572D1", "anchorName": "biz-nifeua", "name": "audience dependence limiting editorial independence", "definition": "A publication’s willingness to carry unwelcome information is constrained by anticipated loss of subscribers or financial support. Formal editorial control can coexist with an effective audience veto over what gets printed.", "relations": [ 1182, 1392 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "62c9641064ef2c1e5730115d806517602287ac15c4fac6203231a3e0d141e927" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-official-substitution", "workingId": "w2103", "checkedId": 2127, "anchor": "#0572D2", "anchorName": "biz-niheuo", "name": "an official account replacing an excluded challenge", "definition": "An arrangement in which a challenging report is refused publication or hearing while the authority’s account is circulated in its place. Readers encounter a curated official conclusion without equivalent access to the excluded basis of dispute.", "relations": [ 1198, 65 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "a19f51254ced8dc175d7d693db9559ff6bb97d639ad97ee9d15e776d4bbd43ca" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-procedural-preclusion", "workingId": "w2104", "checkedId": 2128, "anchor": "#0572D3", "anchorName": "biz-nijeui", "name": "a meeting deciding not to hear the disputed evidence", "definition": "Use of an assembly’s procedures to prevent presentation of the subject supposedly under discussion. A vote can settle who speaks without settling the truth of the excluded claim.", "relations": [ 41, 99 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "e6512e61957f0a1d57fa99214b199ad83106b9e144e6c3d389e02f34076b7af4" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-minority-reversal", "workingId": "w2105", "checkedId": 2129, "anchor": "#0572D4", "anchorName": "biz-nikeue", "name": "minority status substituted for a guarantee of truth", "definition": "Answering an unjustified appeal to majority authority with an equally unconditional claim that a minority must be right. Reversing the favored group leaves the error of judging truth by group position intact.", "relations": [ 55, 1208 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "873256bd4aba6ac3795d22f51060e0ef819d967eaf859610fd0801e138cc7fbc" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-associational-retaliation", "workingId": "w2106", "checkedId": 2130, "anchor": "#0572D5", "anchorName": "biz-niqeue", "name": "retaliation extending to a dissenter’s associates", "definition": "Adverse consequences imposed on relatives or supporters because of their connection to a contested speaker. The pressure expands beyond the person making the claim and can deter support even where those imposing it express reluctance.", "relations": [ 1182, 1198 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "04a8b9ea7fb1d1b4dfc8c6f4605079c442bc06dce9299f371365f080d4b6424c" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-manufactured-interest", "workingId": "w2107", "checkedId": 2131, "anchor": "#0572D6", "anchorName": "biz-nixeui", "name": "a conflict of interest created to pressure retraction", "definition": "Deliberately placing a person’s or family’s material interests in an arrangement whose value depends on abandoning a disputed claim. The conflict is manufactured after the claim, converting care for dependants into leverage over its withdrawal.", "relations": [ 1373, 1225 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "f5ba510a3455277af9d8b9f6917d8e7c9b12539d44d7fd03c6750d05f4744a3c" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-name-cleanliness", "workingId": "w2108", "checkedId": 2132, "anchor": "#0572D7", "anchorName": "biz-nizeuo", "name": "clearing a name substituted for removing a harm", "definition": "A response to an allegation that concentrates on being regarded as innocent or clean, rather than investigating and ending the harmful condition. Protecting reputation may motivate action while still leaving repair unaddressed.", "relations": [ 1211, 57 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "6a8786105bf501213286c0617cf4940bc09c9f5111f13415e7e0bb2dbb0b27da" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-supported-solitude", "workingId": "w2109", "checkedId": 2133, "anchor": "#0572D8", "anchorName": "biz-nicheua", "name": "declared independence sustained by other people’s support", "definition": "A claim to stand alone that is made possible by practical help, loyalty or shared risk from others. Independence of judgment can be real while material or relational self-sufficiency remains an overstatement.", "relations": [ 39, 91 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "040bb3bdca8debac873f25b0950ace72c5b8714fe3106b0d611409bdf1ec0654" }, { "key": "b50-pg2446-dissent-contempt", "workingId": "w2110", "checkedId": 2134, "anchor": "#0572D9", "anchorName": "biz-nigheui", "name": "defense of dissent expanding into contempt for the public", "definition": "A speaker’s justified resistance to suppression develops into sweeping denigration of those who disagree or lack the speaker’s expertise. The right to be heard and the accuracy of a specific finding do not confer authority over every wider judgment.", "relations": [ 1208, 89 ], "bookId": 2446, "colorAllocation": "5456b70cf3409018326aa34895e0b4dff5bf8722bc242d350d306b1a6cee274c" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-unequal-gains", "workingId": "w2111", "checkedId": 2135, "anchor": "#0572DA", "anchorName": "biz-nikheue", "name": "aggregate improvement with unequal participation in gains", "definition": "An increase in total or average prosperity that does not establish improvement for every group, especially those with the least access to the gains. Distribution must be examined alongside the scale of production.", "relations": [ 104, 1332 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "d9558ffc31e61d5744e3e78cc874575736d57b57df89ec8581372e072e8eb2f5" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-claims-stock", "workingId": "w2112", "checkedId": 2136, "anchor": "#0572DB", "anchorName": "biz-nipheua", "name": "claims on wealth distinguished from the common stock of wealth", "definition": "A distinction between assets that entitle one party to receive from another and the produced resources available to the community as a whole. A rise in the value or number of claims does not automatically establish a corresponding increase in the common stock.", "relations": [ 55, 1473 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "58bda63d3f5716437d6849aa9d08a162ae5d9ce84ef92dd029e8225c621235de" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-nature-product", "workingId": "w2113", "checkedId": 2137, "anchor": "#0572DC", "anchorName": "biz-nisheuo", "name": "natural opportunities distinguished from produced assets", "definition": "An analytical division between opportunities supplied by nature and things made or adapted through human effort. George uses the distinction to separate land from capital; accepting that vocabulary does not by itself settle which ownership rules are just.", "relations": [ 41, 1434 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "12d3c4d0e4b084d88f73230c5072d0b43eb732c10b3a05949a4c7ba7dcd7733a" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-use-category", "workingId": "w2114", "checkedId": 2138, "anchor": "#0572DD", "anchorName": "biz-nitheuo", "name": "economic classification dependent on an asset’s use", "definition": "Classification of an item according to the role it performs in production, exchange or consumption, rather than solely its physical kind. The same tool can occupy different categories under different uses, provided the chosen definitions remain explicit.", "relations": [ 41, 1440 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "377864eb912184471941c7b56c71a978d427d96b0dec6abdcf9540b11b640745" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-liquidity-form", "workingId": "w2115", "checkedId": 2139, "anchor": "#0572DE", "anchorName": "biz-niwheua", "name": "liquidity distinguished from value in another form", "definition": "The distinction between possessing resources or goods of value and being able to exchange them promptly for money. A difficulty obtaining cash need not mean that all value has disappeared, but the delay can still constrain action.", "relations": [ 55, 1473 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "d08dae15d3929a86031d79a65374405626ef6e1e52dd5e6b6e4dadb2c9a71870" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-unfinished-value", "workingId": "w2116", "checkedId": 2140, "anchor": "#0572DF", "anchorName": "biz-nizheue", "name": "productive value before final completion", "definition": "Recognition that an unfinished product can embody useful work and transferable value before its final stage. The value remains exposed to failure, cost and uncertain realization; completion is not necessarily the first moment at which anything has been produced.", "relations": [ 1389, 96 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "89cd06dcdfd3d7e7ca7df863943fcb20f633d34677343ff007c5574a204c9194" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-necessity-shield", "workingId": "w2117", "checkedId": 2141, "anchor": "#0572E0", "anchorName": "biz-nobeui", "name": "institutional responsibility hidden by asserted natural necessity", "definition": "An explanation that presents distress as the unavoidable result of nature in a way that discourages examination of institutions or privilege. The explanation’s reassuring political function and its empirical adequacy are separate questions.", "relations": [ 55, 1303 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "fb0482abbe3c815fd0366ffb3d7e6490d491a5e2690d36f26dfffc5cd8eb3f88" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-share-level", "workingId": "w2118", "checkedId": 2142, "anchor": "#0572E1", "anchorName": "biz-nodeua", "name": "a distribution share distinguished from its absolute amount", "definition": "A part can fall as a proportion of a growing total while remaining constant or increasing in absolute amount. Statements about a declining share therefore need not imply an identical direction of change in the recipient’s quantity.", "relations": [ 1252, 1473 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "ee320e190109d8eee86d49bcdb02e21b7bee9de8bd4b33537c04e5e29d601d7c" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-location-created", "workingId": "w2119", "checkedId": 2143, "anchor": "#0572E2", "anchorName": "biz-nogeuo", "name": "location value arising from surrounding association", "definition": "Advantages of a location can increase through population, exchange, infrastructure and knowledge concentrated around it, even without equivalent effort by its owner. The contribution of the surrounding community is distinguished from improvements made on the particular site.", "relations": [ 1382, 1389 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "1e9b381d7ef05d5a82b32a47fa7a34cf4144fb7e98f1ef0de0f2e02c6db9d6b7" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-anticipated-rent", "workingId": "w2120", "checkedId": 2144, "anchor": "#0572E3", "anchorName": "biz-noleui", "name": "anticipated future gains raising present access demands", "definition": "A mechanism in which expectations of rising future value lead holders to demand more now or withhold access. Present productive possibilities can be constrained by expectations about later returns rather than by physical absence of the resource.", "relations": [ 55, 96 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "fd658279a5aaba8c02c6a1a222c8f43584266ab01d26081620545dff720bcb7e" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-propagating-stoppage", "workingId": "w2121", "checkedId": 2145, "anchor": "#0572E4", "anchorName": "biz-nomeue", "name": "a production stoppage transmitted through reduced demand", "definition": "An interruption in one connected activity reduces its participants’ ability to buy elsewhere, transmitting difficulty across a network of production and exchange. Interdependence can spread a disturbance beyond the point where it began.", "relations": [ 81, 97 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "5736f8a31c9de89d0d4e0df3f13f7174fe6df35f05f4bb589b5e96152cc9e435" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-equal-access", "workingId": "w2122", "checkedId": 2146, "anchor": "#0572E5", "anchorName": "biz-noneye", "name": "equal access to natural opportunities as a principle", "definition": "A normative principle that people’s equal standing includes a claim to use the natural opportunities required for life and labor, limited by equal claims of others. George derives it from existence and creation; the principle remains distinguishable from a particular administrative scheme.", "relations": [ 43, 1434 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "a630b24c6e0499eae5bf626477ca53160475740020953c2b2c85918ea0966352" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-future-entitlement", "workingId": "w2123", "checkedId": 2147, "anchor": "#0572E6", "anchorName": "biz-nopeyi", "name": "present agreement limited by future people’s equal claims", "definition": "A principle that those living now cannot finally extinguish the equal claims of people yet to come to conditions necessary for life. Consent among present holders is therefore not treated as sufficient authority over every future generation.", "relations": [ 102, 43 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "05d76de90b441eb39437d089ff0555d748eda2c2d24f212f9e43e5aa32aa256a" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-title-yield", "workingId": "w2124", "checkedId": 2148, "anchor": "#0572E7", "anchorName": "biz-noreyo", "name": "retaining private possession while redirecting its yield", "definition": "An institutional design that leaves possession and transfer forms in place while redirecting a specified economic return to public use. George proposes this for land rent; formal continuity does not mean that the distribution of benefits remains unchanged.", "relations": [ 57, 1434 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "7a620ee0cad8033f3af77dc3e1239a514a1307c88c30fe13ada0b251f65df728" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-site-tax", "workingId": "w2125", "checkedId": 2149, "anchor": "#0572E8", "anchorName": "biz-noseya", "name": "site-value taxation distinguished from taxing improvements", "definition": "A proposal to base public revenue on the value of a site or natural opportunity while separating value created by buildings and other improvements. Its intended incentive effects depend on how valuation and collection actually distinguish those components.", "relations": [ 55, 2137 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "043f1ef6a2d029c6d9f16227c049f24071e0712d8a4c68553238d436af39c562" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-mode-burden", "workingId": "w2126", "checkedId": 2150, "anchor": "#0572E9", "anchorName": "biz-noteyi", "name": "the mode of a levy distinguished from its total burden", "definition": "Assessment of a levy by the activities and incentives on which it falls as well as the amount collected. Equal revenues raised through different bases can have different effects, requiring analysis beyond the headline sum.", "relations": [ 1473, 55 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "43384668bce35ec1eb169dde2794be82111b3aa5eeee010f1634a8039d8c52d8" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-practical-separation", "workingId": "w2127", "checkedId": 2151, "anchor": "#0572EA", "anchorName": "biz-noveye", "name": "practical valuation distinguished from exact historical separation", "definition": "A valuation method can seek a useful separation of presently identifiable components without claiming to reconstruct every historical contribution exactly. The operational boundary and tolerated imprecision should be stated rather than hidden behind a theoretically pure category.", "relations": [ 1461, 55 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "3e13821ebb565c30f64478932e948eff57513ed1f29d33848185c15334eb61c9" }, { "key": "b50-pg55308-capacity-diversion", "workingId": "w2128", "checkedId": 2152, "anchor": "#0572EB", "anchorName": "biz-noweya", "name": "collective capacity divided among maintenance conflict and improvement", "definition": "An analytical frame separating effort used to maintain existing life, effort spent in conflict and effort devoted to improvement. More total activity need not mean more improvement when a growing share is consumed by the other demands.", "relations": [ 104, 97 ], "bookId": 55308, "colorAllocation": "35d9266caa8a038ff8c9406061c86d41da1a3e71315b4773b0d8958da8c52961" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-problem-address", "workingId": "w2129", "checkedId": 2153, "anchor": "#0572EC", "anchorName": "biz-noyeyo", "name": "a person addressed as a social problem", "definition": "An encounter frames someone chiefly as an instance of a public problem, approaching them through curiosity, pity or an evasive question rather than meeting their own account as a participant. The represented problem and the person’s lived position are not identical.", "relations": [ 37, 89 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "8023a3f6c95422616265145a6dce96db55a7aac6e2479a752b38927f774f5293" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-double-consciousness", "workingId": "w2130", "checkedId": 2154, "anchor": "#0572ED", "anchorName": "biz-nobheyo", "name": "double-consciousness under the American color line", "definition": "Du Bois’s account of experiencing oneself as both Black and American while measuring oneself through a dominant world’s contemptuous gaze. The desire for an integrated self does not require either belonging to disappear.", "relations": [ 39, 89 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "a5696f0718ef9f3fc95a97f36bee1149718b84da03916ea6df7c4fca6e1c1919" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-divided-audience", "workingId": "w2131", "checkedId": 2155, "anchor": "#0572EE", "anchorName": "biz-nodheya", "name": "capability divided by incompatible audience demands", "definition": "A person’s work is pulled between audiences that need or esteem different things, while one audience devalues the other. Effort spent reconciling these demands can make real capability appear absent or ineffective.", "relations": [ 1204, 37 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "f62c329c0b91c433dfc1605ea5984d47792b102ba7bf57e3c8af55051a3083f3" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-mutual-conditions", "workingId": "w2132", "checkedId": 2156, "anchor": "#0572EF", "anchorName": "biz-norheye", "name": "rights and capabilities pursued as mutual conditions", "definition": "A program treats civil freedom, political participation, education and livelihood as supports that must develop together. Substituting one for the others can remove the conditions that make its own achievements defensible or usable.", "relations": [ 43, 104 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "549b17c2f400f2e27301dd4142527f2049ac1d7b2862f05932a70f31ed023720" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-institution-dimensions", "workingId": "w2133", "checkedId": 2157, "anchor": "#0572F0", "anchorName": "biz-noceyi", "name": "institutional achievement assessed across distinct functions", "definition": "An institution can expand access in some functions while failing in others or using methods that compromise agency. A total verdict of success or failure can conceal the separate contributions, harms and unfinished obligations.", "relations": [ 25, 55 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "1c960a5748727017219dfe13827b2b8b7cf6b35e569c14866819e8f35e03c085" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-saving-trust", "workingId": "w2134", "checkedId": 2158, "anchor": "#0572F1", "anchorName": "biz-nofeya", "name": "financial loss accompanied by loss of trust in saving", "definition": "Failure of an institution entrusted with savings can destroy both deposited resources and confidence that future saving will be protected. Restoring a balance and restoring a practice’s credibility are different tasks.", "relations": [ 1392, 83 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "ba12707760c4e8ac419a0bb0ab708c466b392be128cebced5c0002d6337bbb1d" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-teacher-pipeline", "workingId": "w2135", "checkedId": 2159, "anchor": "#0572F2", "anchorName": "biz-noheyo", "name": "elementary education depending on advanced teacher preparation", "definition": "A program of common or practical schooling relies on people prepared to teach it. Discrediting higher learning while depending on its graduates can undermine the educational provision the program endorses.", "relations": [ 69, 1152 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "1b9e8f9aea25f31c7ff3267336f111b062e9e8c2852eb247f26ead9bfdba66fc" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-progress-cost", "workingId": "w2136", "checkedId": 2160, "anchor": "#0572F3", "anchorName": "biz-nojeyi", "name": "material progress measured beside irreducible human costs", "definition": "An account places gains in property, output or institutions beside losses of life, care and possibility that those gains do not automatically compensate. A larger material total cannot by itself settle how a community has fared.", "relations": [ 104, 1150 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "8090ad86fe08f2f5d7a8d6b10f373be0d4b5d596832386622213a0f571e16f71" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-credit-crop", "workingId": "w2137", "checkedId": 2161, "anchor": "#0572F4", "anchorName": "biz-nokeye", "name": "credit conditions constraining the choice of a crop", "definition": "When necessary advances and rent obligations are accepted only against a specified crop, a cultivator’s apparent production choice is constrained by the financing arrangement. Advice to diversify can be ineffective without changing those conditions.", "relations": [ 1200, 55 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "e6bed85325e355faa06e116f1efd87e4dd8d466344bc65e5a1e009876d56b43b" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-improvement-rent", "workingId": "w2138", "checkedId": 2162, "anchor": "#0572F5", "anchorName": "biz-noqeye", "name": "improvement gains absorbed through later rent increases", "definition": "A tenant’s higher output or favorable prices are followed by increased rent, while adverse changes receive less corresponding relief. Anticipated gains from effort can therefore pass to another party instead of improving the tenant’s position.", "relations": [ 1199, 1200 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "235e6a839652aa22dd0737de35d43da49c0720821f4df70c5f6a11f2970f373e" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-mobility-information", "workingId": "w2139", "checkedId": 2163, "anchor": "#0572F6", "anchorName": "biz-noxeyi", "name": "labor mobility restricted through barriers to recruitment", "definition": "Restrictions on recruiting workers for outside employment can reduce both movement and knowledge of alternatives. A person’s remaining in one labor market does not by itself establish a free preference for its available terms.", "relations": [ 1203, 1204 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "5fe0acd597da38e9dec361f040e13565f1adef217f6a97fe312b06f5900fe653" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-prejudice-feedback", "workingId": "w2140", "checkedId": 2164, "anchor": "#0572F7", "anchorName": "biz-nozeyo", "name": "disadvantage reproduced through its use as an exclusionary reason", "definition": "Disadvantage is offered as a reason to restrict a group’s opportunities, while those restrictions help reproduce the disadvantage. A report of present conditions does not by itself distinguish inherited effects from the effects of continuing exclusion.", "relations": [ 55, 1204 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "cecf2d75b9846b8023f21a9b109833491f97c43f306553f27126de95715d935f" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-reconciliation-outsiders", "workingId": "w2141", "checkedId": 2165, "anchor": "#0572F8", "anchorName": "biz-nocheya", "name": "reconciliation purchased through another group’s subordination", "definition": "Former opponents reach accommodation partly by accepting restrictions on people excluded from their bargain. Reduced hostility between the reconciling parties can coexist with intensified loss of rights for those who bear its price.", "relations": [ 50, 43 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "35dbe3393e43ec3da412588474af06bb01dd78887bcbfa0396509aa23524d2ef" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-contact-without-exchange", "workingId": "w2142", "checkedId": 2166, "anchor": "#0572F9", "anchorName": "biz-nogheyi", "name": "daily proximity without shared intellectual exchange", "definition": "Groups may interact physically and economically while being separated from each other’s accounts, institutions and cultural life. Frequency of contact does not establish reciprocal access to what either group thinks or values.", "relations": [ 37, 1390 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "39ae2a4b77b4efb84dd6ffe7f647dcd145a7d5831941615868d16d772e4cbce6" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-charity-standing", "workingId": "w2143", "checkedId": 2167, "anchor": "#0572FA", "anchorName": "biz-nokheye", "name": "material charity without recognition as a fellow participant", "definition": "A setting permits assistance to people in need while refusing equal social encounter or cooperation with those same people as peers. Receiving a benefit and being recognized as a participant remain different relations.", "relations": [ 43, 1384 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "73b3540b435188c13e86a41f4aa352ae6174c54be9b69e7604fa630e42fffd88" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-circulation-origin", "workingId": "w2144", "checkedId": 2168, "anchor": "#0572FB", "anchorName": "biz-nopheya", "name": "cultural circulation obscuring the source of a work", "definition": "A song or other expression enters wider circulation while its source community becomes forgotten or represented through caricature. Recognition of the circulating work does not ensure recognition of its makers or their experience.", "relations": [ 59, 1170 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "34e55c17e12c3b39b923653a9ef2fd4a496e8da11c98dd333e32000dacd85ecc" }, { "key": "b50-pg408-words-music", "workingId": "w2145", "checkedId": 2169, "anchor": "#0572FC", "anchorName": "biz-nosheyo", "name": "words and music carrying different histories", "definition": "A transmitted song can retain a melody while its words change, acquire new religious uses or become less intelligible. Reading the present words alone may miss part of the expression’s inherited history.", "relations": [ 59, 68 ], "bookId": 408, "colorAllocation": "6328e3ff26256926b96bc14f1399d67c5f82ec10bfd9f87c9752cb316b6792ec" } ] }