[
  {
    "id": "F001-application",
    "family": "F001",
    "target": 229,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "In discussing Isaiah with a reading group, how can I explain a rejected figure's bearing of communal wrongdoing and later restoration while acknowledging several possible identifications?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect the servant's affliction, others' wrongdoing and vindication while retaining interpretive uncertainty.",
    "qualification": "Neither the servant's identity nor a precise account of restoration is fixed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F001-boundary",
    "family": "F001",
    "target": 229,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Which reading of Isaiah recognizes a representative role for an afflicted figure without claiming that the figure's identity or the exact mechanism connecting suffering and restoration is settled?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect the servant's affliction, others' wrongdoing and vindication while retaining interpretive uncertainty.",
    "qualification": "Neither the servant's identity nor a precise account of restoration is fixed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F001-paraphrase",
    "family": "F001",
    "target": 229,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How does an Isaianic figure's humiliation and affliction become connected with other people's wrongdoing, and how does subsequent vindication give that suffering a representative significance?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect the servant's affliction, others' wrongdoing and vindication while retaining interpretive uncertainty.",
    "qualification": "Neither the servant's identity nor a precise account of restoration is fixed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F002-application",
    "family": "F002",
    "target": 68,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am documenting a research project whose methods changed after several events. What approach would let a later reader reconstruct that history through links between methods, decisions and source records?",
    "rationale": "The target preserves reconstructable history through relationships among concepts, events, methods and provenance.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify a storage format or reconstruction algorithm."
  },
  {
    "id": "F002-boundary",
    "family": "F002",
    "target": 68,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need a way of preserving history in which relationships carry reconstructive information, while a long written account may still exist. What distinguishes this approach from merely keeping a chronological narrative?",
    "rationale": "The target preserves reconstructable history through relationships among concepts, events, methods and provenance.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify a storage format or reconstruction algorithm."
  },
  {
    "id": "F002-paraphrase",
    "family": "F002",
    "target": 68,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How can a historical record preserve the connections among ideas, events, techniques and their sources so that someone can recover what happened by following those connections instead of relying entirely on continuous prose?",
    "rationale": "The target preserves reconstructable history through relationships among concepts, events, methods and provenance.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify a storage format or reconstruction algorithm."
  },
  {
    "id": "F003-application",
    "family": "F003",
    "target": 392,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am organizing a discussion of David's preparations alongside ancestral lists. How can the destructive census and the people's dependence on received provision remain central to that discussion?",
    "rationale": "Each query joins genealogical continuity and worship preparation to the census and dependent character of giving.",
    "qualification": "This is a reading frame, not a claim that every episode serves a single purpose."
  },
  {
    "id": "F003-boundary",
    "family": "F003",
    "target": 392,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can a reading centered on lineage and preparations for worship avoid turning communal continuity into an uncritical celebration of kingship or treating the people's contributions as self-generated?",
    "rationale": "Each query joins genealogical continuity and worship preparation to the census and dependent character of giving.",
    "qualification": "This is a reading frame, not a claim that every episode serves a single purpose."
  },
  {
    "id": "F003-paraphrase",
    "family": "F003",
    "target": 392,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What interpretive approach connects genealogies and David's preparations with the continuity of a worshipping community, while retaining memories of royal failure and the prior source of communal gifts?",
    "rationale": "Each query joins genealogical continuity and worship preparation to the census and dependent character of giving.",
    "qualification": "This is a reading frame, not a claim that every episode serves a single purpose."
  },
  {
    "id": "F004-application",
    "family": "F004",
    "target": 1040,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am reviewing a release proposal with ratio based exchanges in one annex and an independent route in another. How should the overall framework preserve dignity and verification while making the unresolved relationship between those routes visible?",
    "rationale": "The target joins the release safeguards with the explicitly unresolved relationship between the two annex tracks.",
    "qualification": "Queries preserve unresolved authorship choices and do not endorse either track."
  },
  {
    "id": "F004-boundary",
    "family": "F004",
    "target": 1040,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Where can I find the draft release framework that requires an express authorial decision between differing annex formulations, instead of assuming that a later independent track automatically replaces earlier numerical ratios?",
    "rationale": "The target joins the release safeguards with the explicitly unresolved relationship between the two annex tracks.",
    "qualification": "Queries preserve unresolved authorship choices and do not endorse either track."
  },
  {
    "id": "F004-paraphrase",
    "family": "F004",
    "target": 1040,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which draft framework combines humane release arrangements, checks against delay and verification with distinct custody categories, while leaving numerical exchange terms and a separate unpaired route as formulations that the author must explicitly reconcile?",
    "rationale": "The target joins the release safeguards with the explicitly unresolved relationship between the two annex tracks.",
    "qualification": "Queries preserve unresolved authorship choices and do not endorse either track."
  },
  {
    "id": "F005-application",
    "family": "F005",
    "target": 73,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A museum team wants an arresting display of scientific observations. What approach would let visual elegance invite closer inspection while preserving uncertainty and avoiding claims stronger than the observations support?",
    "rationale": "The information needs concern aesthetic engagement that remains accountable to scientific evidence and uncertainty.",
    "qualification": "Aesthetic appeal supplies attention, not additional evidence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F005-boundary",
    "family": "F005",
    "target": 73,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Where is the distinction between an aesthetically engaging scientific presentation and one that lets an appealing design exaggerate certainty or change the meaning of the underlying evidence?",
    "rationale": "The information needs concern aesthetic engagement that remains accountable to scientific evidence and uncertainty.",
    "qualification": "Aesthetic appeal supplies attention, not additional evidence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F005-paraphrase",
    "family": "F005",
    "target": 73,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How can scientific explanations use beauty of presentation to increase curiosity and sustained attention while keeping the evidence intact and accurately expressing the limits of present knowledge?",
    "rationale": "The information needs concern aesthetic engagement that remains accountable to scientific evidence and uncertainty.",
    "qualification": "Aesthetic appeal supplies attention, not additional evidence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F006-application",
    "family": "F006",
    "target": 719,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am preparing a close reading that moves from bodily resurrection to inner testimony, then examines a recitation pause and the approach of death. What frame connects these elements to attachment to present life?",
    "rationale": "The target links bodily restoration, self witness, the recitation interruption and the scene of dying in one reading frame.",
    "qualification": "This is a supplied interpretive frame, not an independently verified account of the passage."
  },
  {
    "id": "F006-boundary",
    "family": "F006",
    "target": 719,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I read a passage about bodily return and self awareness without treating its instructions about receiving recitation as a separate main theme or overlooking the final contrast between present attachment and eventual return?",
    "rationale": "The target links bodily restoration, self witness, the recitation interruption and the scene of dying in one reading frame.",
    "qualification": "This is a supplied interpretive frame, not an independently verified account of the passage."
  },
  {
    "id": "F006-paraphrase",
    "family": "F006",
    "target": 719,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which reading connects the restoration of a person's body after death with unavoidable knowledge of oneself, while treating the interruption about receiving recitation and the later death scene as parts of the argument?",
    "rationale": "The target links bodily restoration, self witness, the recitation interruption and the scene of dying in one reading frame.",
    "qualification": "This is a supplied interpretive frame, not an independently verified account of the passage."
  },
  {
    "id": "F007-application",
    "family": "F007",
    "target": 499,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "While teaching a Qur'anic passage about rain reaching lifeless land, how should I explain the visible seasonal change as pointing toward the further promise of human life after death?",
    "rationale": "All three queries distinguish the visible transformation of land from the human resurrection claim it illustrates.",
    "qualification": "The definition presents an analogy, not identity between the two events."
  },
  {
    "id": "F007-boundary",
    "family": "F007",
    "target": 499,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I discuss the Qur'anic comparison between renewed ground and the raising of people without treating the observed environmental change as already identical to the promised human event?",
    "rationale": "All three queries distinguish the visible transformation of land from the human resurrection claim it illustrates.",
    "qualification": "The definition presents an analogy, not identity between the two events."
  },
  {
    "id": "F007-paraphrase",
    "family": "F007",
    "target": 499,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How does the Qur'an connect the return of growth to dry ground after rain with the promise that dead people will be raised, using a familiar transformation as an analogy?",
    "rationale": "All three queries distinguish the visible transformation of land from the human resurrection claim it illustrates.",
    "qualification": "The definition presents an analogy, not identity between the two events."
  },
  {
    "id": "F008-application",
    "family": "F008",
    "target": 503,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "For a discussion of a judgment passage, I need to explain why contrasting weights make the consequences of a life visible. How can I connect that image to its two different destinations?",
    "rationale": "The target interprets the weight contrast as a visible representation of final consequences without a human scoring rule.",
    "qualification": "No quantitative method of judgment is supplied by the definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F008-boundary",
    "family": "F008",
    "target": 503,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I want an interpretation of the scales in a final reckoning that recognizes their contrast in outcomes but does not claim that the passage supplies people with an algorithm for assigning moral scores.",
    "rationale": "The target interprets the weight contrast as a visible representation of final consequences without a human scoring rule.",
    "qualification": "No quantitative method of judgment is supplied by the definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F008-paraphrase",
    "family": "F008",
    "target": 503,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What reading explains the image of weight in a final evaluation of life, where one outcome is a satisfying existence and the other is a pit, without turning the imagery into a numerical calculation?",
    "rationale": "The target interprets the weight contrast as a visible representation of final consequences without a human scoring rule.",
    "qualification": "No quantitative method of judgment is supplied by the definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F009-application",
    "family": "F009",
    "target": 570,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Two people arrange repayment on a specified later date. What guidance explains who should dictate the written terms, when a fair representative is appropriate, and how witnesses should be protected?",
    "rationale": "The queries track documentation, debtor participation, witnessing and the distinction between immediate and deferred transactions.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no detailed exceptions beyond the stated transaction distinction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F009-boundary",
    "family": "F009",
    "target": 570,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How does a rule designed to reduce doubt about deferred payments distinguish them from an immediate exchange, while also limiting the burdens imposed on the writer and witnesses?",
    "rationale": "The queries track documentation, debtor participation, witnessing and the distinction between immediate and deferred transactions.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no detailed exceptions beyond the stated transaction distinction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F009-paraphrase",
    "family": "F009",
    "target": 570,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What rule calls for a future payment obligation to be faithfully written from the debtor's account, supported by witnesses, and managed so that neither recorders nor witnesses suffer harm?",
    "rationale": "The queries track documentation, debtor participation, witnessing and the distinction between immediate and deferred transactions.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no detailed exceptions beyond the stated transaction distinction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F010-application",
    "family": "F010",
    "target": 263,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am comparing Gospel sayings for a lesson on who receives favor and who faces warning. What frame helps discuss Luke's poor and wealthy alongside Matthew's different wording about the poor in spirit?",
    "rationale": "The target connects blessing and warnings to reversed social advantage while preserving the distinction between Gospel formulations.",
    "qualification": "The query family does not infer that the two formulations are interchangeable."
  },
  {
    "id": "F010-boundary",
    "family": "F010",
    "target": 263,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I discuss the reversal of ordinary social advantage in Jesus' sayings without treating Luke's direct address to poverty and wealth as identical to Matthew's formulation concerning the poor in spirit?",
    "rationale": "The target connects blessing and warnings to reversed social advantage while preserving the distinction between Gospel formulations.",
    "qualification": "The query family does not infer that the two formulations are interchangeable."
  },
  {
    "id": "F010-paraphrase",
    "family": "F010",
    "target": 263,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which theme in Jesus' sayings places those without accepted advantages among the favored while warning the comfortable, and also distinguishes direct references to economic poverty from a formulation about poverty of spirit?",
    "rationale": "The target connects blessing and warnings to reversed social advantage while preserving the distinction between Gospel formulations.",
    "qualification": "The query family does not infer that the two formulations are interchangeable."
  },
  {
    "id": "F011-application",
    "family": "F011",
    "target": 214,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "For a discussion of leadership failure, how can I analyze the narrative where subjects request reduced burdens but receive threats of heavier ones, after which political unity breaks apart?",
    "rationale": "The specific trigger, harsher response to requested relief, anchors the queries in the succession and division narrative.",
    "qualification": "Political and theological explanations coexist in the supplied account."
  },
  {
    "id": "F011-boundary",
    "family": "F011",
    "target": 214,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can an interpretation of the kingdom's fracture retain both the consequences of coercive leadership and the narrative's theological explanation, without reducing the event to either account alone?",
    "rationale": "The specific trigger, harsher response to requested relief, anchors the queries in the succession and division narrative.",
    "qualification": "Political and theological explanations coexist in the supplied account."
  },
  {
    "id": "F011-paraphrase",
    "family": "F011",
    "target": 214,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which royal succession story explains the emergence of competing kingdoms through a ruler's harsh reply to a plea for relief, with rejected counsel and theological interpretation both shaping the account?",
    "rationale": "The specific trigger, harsher response to requested relief, anchors the queries in the succession and division narrative.",
    "qualification": "Political and theological explanations coexist in the supplied account."
  },
  {
    "id": "F012-application",
    "family": "F012",
    "target": 956,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A team is collecting testimony and forensic material before any tribunal has been chosen. Which proposed mechanism keeps that material traceable and potentially usable later, while protecting witnesses and avoiding prejudgment in public updates?",
    "rationale": "The target separates preservation and custody of potential evidence from forum selection and judgments of guilt.",
    "qualification": "Potential usability does not establish admissibility in any particular court."
  },
  {
    "id": "F012-boundary",
    "family": "F012",
    "target": 956,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need a framework that treats safeguarding potential evidence as separate from deciding where proceedings belong or who is guilty. How does it retain witness protection and public reporting that does not prejudge a case?",
    "rationale": "The target separates preservation and custody of potential evidence from forum selection and judgments of guilt.",
    "qualification": "Potential usability does not establish admissibility in any particular court."
  },
  {
    "id": "F012-paraphrase",
    "family": "F012",
    "target": 956,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What justice arrangement secures witness accounts, forensic records and a documented chain of possession for possible use by several qualified tribunals, while postponing the decision about venue and protecting people who give testimony?",
    "rationale": "The target separates preservation and custody of potential evidence from forum selection and judgments of guilt.",
    "qualification": "Potential usability does not establish admissibility in any particular court."
  },
  {
    "id": "F013-application",
    "family": "F013",
    "target": 925,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Faith communities seeking to protect civilians want a shared record of their hospitals and religious locations. How could this record connect with advance movement notifications and transparent reporting of nearby incidents?",
    "rationale": "The needs combine joint identification of three site categories with movement notification and incident reporting.",
    "qualification": "The proposal states an intended protective function, not demonstrated protection."
  },
  {
    "id": "F013-boundary",
    "family": "F013",
    "target": 925,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How should a shared inventory of religious locations be understood as a tool for protection and coordination, while avoiding a claim that drawing the locations alone guarantees their safety?",
    "rationale": "The needs combine joint identification of three site categories with movement notification and incident reporting.",
    "qualification": "The proposal states an intended protective function, not demonstrated protection."
  },
  {
    "id": "F013-paraphrase",
    "family": "F013",
    "target": 925,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What proposal would have religious leaders identify worship buildings, burial grounds and religiously operated hospitals together, then use that information to coordinate movement notices and publicly document incidents?",
    "rationale": "The needs combine joint identification of three site categories with movement notification and incident reporting.",
    "qualification": "The proposal states an intended protective function, not demonstrated protection."
  },
  {
    "id": "F014-application",
    "family": "F014",
    "target": 209,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am analyzing Naboth's vineyard as a case in which a ruler wants someone else's property. What concept highlights how accusations, testimony and public proceedings can be arranged to accomplish violent dispossession?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies the use of official procedure and false testimony to enable a ruler's violent acquisition of property.",
    "qualification": "The application stays within the named narrative rather than diagnosing an external case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F014-boundary",
    "family": "F014",
    "target": 209,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Which interpretation of the vineyard episode prevents me from assuming that public procedure and official authority guarantee justice, when false witnesses and lethal force instead serve the ruler's wish to possess the land?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies the use of official procedure and false testimony to enable a ruler's violent acquisition of property.",
    "qualification": "The application stays within the named narrative rather than diagnosing an external case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F014-paraphrase",
    "family": "F014",
    "target": 209,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What pattern describes a ruler acquiring coveted land by arranging false charges, using an apparently public legal process and having its owner killed, so that official procedure becomes a means of taking property?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies the use of official procedure and false testimony to enable a ruler's violent acquisition of property.",
    "qualification": "The application stays within the named narrative rather than diagnosing an external case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F015-application",
    "family": "F015",
    "target": 191,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A class is comparing liberation themes with laws governing ownership of people. How should it account for rules that limit some abuses yet also permit coercive status to endure?",
    "rationale": "The queries preserve the coexistence of protective restrictions, differential rules and permitted enduring ownership.",
    "qualification": "Restraints on abuse must not be equated with abolition of coercive institutions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F015-boundary",
    "family": "F015",
    "target": 191,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "What account of these biblical institutions avoids assuming that protections against some injuries abolish ownership, while still recognizing that the same legal tradition includes differentiated treatment and liberation themes?",
    "rationale": "The queries preserve the coexistence of protective restrictions, differential rules and permitted enduring ownership.",
    "qualification": "Restraints on abuse must not be equated with abolition of coercive institutions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F015-paraphrase",
    "family": "F015",
    "target": 191,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How do biblical legal provisions regulate people held as servants or property differently by origin, length of service, injury and inheritance, including both restraints on mistreatment and permissions for lasting ownership?",
    "rationale": "The queries preserve the coexistence of protective restrictions, differential rules and permitted enduring ownership.",
    "qualification": "Restraints on abuse must not be equated with abolition of coercive institutions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F016-application",
    "family": "F016",
    "target": 723,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "In a lesson connecting Pharaoh's boast with creation and resurrection, I need to explain why the messenger can urgently warn of the coming hour. What frame also keeps its timing within God's knowledge?",
    "rationale": "The target joins the ruler's claim to creation and resurrection while reserving knowledge of the hour's timing to God.",
    "qualification": "The queries preserve the definition's interpretive and theological attribution."
  },
  {
    "id": "F016-boundary",
    "family": "F016",
    "target": 723,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I connect the challenge to Pharaoh's supremacy with the warning of an approaching final hour without inferring that the messenger's forceful warning includes possession of a timetable for that event?",
    "rationale": "The target joins the ruler's claim to creation and resurrection while reserving knowledge of the hour's timing to God.",
    "qualification": "The queries preserve the definition's interpretive and theological attribution."
  },
  {
    "id": "F016-paraphrase",
    "family": "F016",
    "target": 723,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which reading places Pharaoh's assertion of supreme power within a broader argument about the created world, self restraint and rising after death, while distinguishing a messenger's warning from knowledge of the final hour's date?",
    "rationale": "The target joins the ruler's claim to creation and resurrection while reserving knowledge of the hour's timing to God.",
    "qualification": "The queries preserve the definition's interpretive and theological attribution."
  },
  {
    "id": "F017-application",
    "family": "F017",
    "target": 71,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A laboratory wants teachers and interested residents to reuse its observations and methods alongside explanatory lessons. What organizing idea fits making these resources accessible beyond the laboratory's own members?",
    "rationale": "Each query focuses on public reuse across institutional boundaries and includes several kinds of scientific resource.",
    "qualification": "No particular licensing or governance mechanism is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F017-boundary",
    "family": "F017",
    "target": 71,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish scientific resources that a wide public can reuse from materials shared only inside one institution, even when both collections contain methods, observations and explanations?",
    "rationale": "Each query focuses on public reuse across institutional boundaries and includes several kinds of scientific resource.",
    "qualification": "No particular licensing or governance mechanism is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F017-paraphrase",
    "family": "F017",
    "target": 71,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What approach makes research procedures, explanations, observations and teaching materials available for broad reuse, allowing people beyond the originating institution to participate in their use and learning?",
    "rationale": "Each query focuses on public reuse across institutional boundaries and includes several kinds of scientific resource.",
    "qualification": "No particular licensing or governance mechanism is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F018-application",
    "family": "F018",
    "target": 575,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am mapping the factors named in a Qur'anic estate distribution passage. What concept gathers the roles of kinship, children, debts and bequests while retaining the different allocations rather than describing one uniform share?",
    "rationale": "The target covers differentiated portions and the conditions governing them, including but not limited to the stated comparison for children.",
    "qualification": "These queries seek a description, not a legal calculation for an actual estate."
  },
  {
    "id": "F018-boundary",
    "family": "F018",
    "target": 575,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Where can I find an account of the inheritance passage that includes the two to one comparison for children's portions without incorrectly treating that comparison as the complete rule for every named family relationship?",
    "rationale": "The target covers differentiated portions and the conditions governing them, including but not limited to the stated comparison for children.",
    "qualification": "These queries seek a description, not a legal calculation for an actual estate."
  },
  {
    "id": "F018-paraphrase",
    "family": "F018",
    "target": 575,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which scriptural allocation scheme assigns different estate portions according to family relationships, surviving children and prior debts or bequests, including a specified comparison between the portions of male and female children?",
    "rationale": "The target covers differentiated portions and the conditions governing them, including but not limited to the stated comparison for children.",
    "qualification": "These queries seek a description, not a legal calculation for an actual estate."
  },
  {
    "id": "F019-application",
    "family": "F019",
    "target": 174,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "When explaining a ritual involving two goats, how can I show why the one carrying confessed communal wrongdoing away provides an image of removal distinct from the offered animal?",
    "rationale": "The queries retain the ritual pairing while singling out burden bearing and removal as the relevant image.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not settle other interpretations of the destination or rite."
  },
  {
    "id": "F019-boundary",
    "family": "F019",
    "target": 174,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How should a reading of the annual rite distinguish the animal that bears communal wrongs into an empty place from the separate goat involved in the offering?",
    "rationale": "The queries retain the ritual pairing while singling out burden bearing and removal as the relevant image.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not settle other interpretations of the destination or rite."
  },
  {
    "id": "F019-paraphrase",
    "family": "F019",
    "target": 174,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What annual atonement image depicts an animal carrying the community's confessed wrongs into an uninhabited region, with departure and burden bearing distinguished from another animal's use in an offering?",
    "rationale": "The queries retain the ritual pairing while singling out burden bearing and removal as the relevant image.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not settle other interpretations of the destination or rite."
  },
  {
    "id": "F020-application",
    "family": "F020",
    "target": 550,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am preparing a discussion of Job in the Qur'an and want to follow the movement from being touched by evil to prayer, relief and family restoration. What reading keeps that compact sequence central?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns the compact Qur'anic sequence of affliction, appeal to mercy, relief and restored family.",
    "qualification": "The family does not attribute the Biblical dialogues to the Qur'anic passage."
  },
  {
    "id": "F020-boundary",
    "family": "F020",
    "target": 550,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How should I approach the Qur'anic account of Job's suffering and prayer while avoiding importing the long conversations from the Biblical book into a passage that concentrates on affliction and merciful relief?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns the compact Qur'anic sequence of affliction, appeal to mercy, relief and restored family.",
    "qualification": "The family does not attribute the Biblical dialogues to the Qur'anic passage."
  },
  {
    "id": "F020-paraphrase",
    "family": "F020",
    "target": 550,
    "band": 1,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which compact Qur'anic account centers on a suffering person's address to the most merciful, followed by deliverance and the restoration of family, rather than an extended exchange of arguments about the meaning of suffering?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns the compact Qur'anic sequence of affliction, appeal to mercy, relief and restored family.",
    "qualification": "The family does not attribute the Biblical dialogues to the Qur'anic passage."
  },
  {
    "id": "F021-application",
    "family": "F021",
    "target": 1751,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A newcomer pauses during a community activity to request instructions about an unfamiliar step. What perspective treats that inquiry as potentially competent participation rather than automatically as a failure?",
    "rationale": "The requests concern inquiry as part of knowing how to participate rather than as automatic evidence of incapacity.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not claim that every question demonstrates competence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F021-boundary",
    "family": "F021",
    "target": 1751,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "What distinction helps evaluate a participant who requests information without assuming that every question proves incompetence, while recognizing that unfamiliar practices can legitimately require guidance before proceeding?",
    "rationale": "The requests concern inquiry as part of knowing how to participate rather than as automatic evidence of incapacity.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not claim that every question demonstrates competence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F021-paraphrase",
    "family": "F021",
    "target": 1751,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How can requesting guidance about an unfamiliar practice demonstrate an appropriate way of taking part, when understanding what to do includes recognizing when more information is needed?",
    "rationale": "The requests concern inquiry as part of knowing how to participate rather than as automatic evidence of incapacity.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not claim that every question demonstrates competence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F022-application",
    "family": "F022",
    "target": 1069,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A draft leaves Crimea's status for later resolution but needs provisions for water, transport, commerce, language and citizenship. Which arrangement addresses residents' daily needs during that unresolved period and seeks to reduce continuing tension?",
    "rationale": "The target proposes civilian services and protections during a deferred political settlement for Crimea.",
    "qualification": "The measures are draft proposals, and their intended effects are not established outcomes."
  },
  {
    "id": "F022-boundary",
    "family": "F022",
    "target": 1069,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need the proposed practical arrangements for Crimea that preserve services and residents' protections without treating those measures as a settlement of sovereignty. How are everyday connections maintained when political status is explicitly deferred?",
    "rationale": "The target proposes civilian services and protections during a deferred political settlement for Crimea.",
    "qualification": "The measures are draft proposals, and their intended effects are not established outcomes."
  },
  {
    "id": "F022-paraphrase",
    "family": "F022",
    "target": 1069,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What proposal keeps essential connections and protections for Crimea's residents functioning while the territory's political future remains unsettled, with the aim of easing ordinary divisions and reducing its role as an enduring source of conflict?",
    "rationale": "The target proposes civilian services and protections during a deferred political settlement for Crimea.",
    "qualification": "The measures are draft proposals, and their intended effects are not established outcomes."
  },
  {
    "id": "F023-application",
    "family": "F023",
    "target": 1640,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Someone with secure housing condemns a choice made under coercion and with few alternatives. What approach would compare their available protections before judging, without declaring the constrained person wholly without agency?",
    "rationale": "The queries ask for contextual moral comparison that includes unequal protections without erasing agency.",
    "qualification": "Attention to constraints does not by itself settle responsibility in a particular case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F023-boundary",
    "family": "F023",
    "target": 1640,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can a moral comparison recognize unequal protections and options without either assuming both people faced the same circumstances or treating the more constrained person's choices as entirely nonexistent?",
    "rationale": "The queries ask for contextual moral comparison that includes unequal protections without erasing agency.",
    "qualification": "Attention to constraints does not by itself settle responsibility in a particular case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F023-paraphrase",
    "family": "F023",
    "target": 1640,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How should ethical judgment account for differences in legal security, shelter, coercion and realistic alternatives between an observer and another person, while still treating that person as an agent?",
    "rationale": "The queries ask for contextual moral comparison that includes unequal protections without erasing agency.",
    "qualification": "Attention to constraints does not by itself settle responsibility in a particular case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F024-application",
    "family": "F024",
    "target": 1437,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am drawing a diagram that shows how objects connect but omits their materials and appearance. What concept helps explain both the usefulness of that representation and why it cannot answer questions about the omitted qualities?",
    "rationale": "The target describes selective representation and the evidential limits created by omitted qualities.",
    "qualification": "No particular mathematical formalism is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F024-boundary",
    "family": "F024",
    "target": 1437,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I explain why a representation built from selected relationships does not by itself justify conclusions about personal or sensory qualities that were deliberately excluded when the representation was constructed?",
    "rationale": "The target describes selective representation and the evidential limits created by omitted qualities.",
    "qualification": "No particular mathematical formalism is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F024-paraphrase",
    "family": "F024",
    "target": 1437,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What approach represents objects by a chosen set of properties and relationships while leaving their physical texture, sensory character or personal significance out of the model, thereby limiting what that model alone can establish?",
    "rationale": "The target describes selective representation and the evidential limits created by omitted qualities.",
    "qualification": "No particular mathematical formalism is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F025-application",
    "family": "F025",
    "target": 1709,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A visitor reports that everyone in a city shares an opinion, but all interviews came through one host's acquaintances. What should be considered before treating that agreement as representative?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe selection through introductions and the resulting limit on population-level inference.",
    "qualification": "Network selection can explain agreement without proving that the wider population disagrees."
  },
  {
    "id": "F025-boundary",
    "family": "F025",
    "target": 1709,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish genuine agreement among an observer's acquaintances from evidence about a wider population when class ties, hosts and earlier contacts determined who was encountered?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe selection through introductions and the resulting limit on population-level inference.",
    "qualification": "Network selection can explain agreement without proving that the wider population disagrees."
  },
  {
    "id": "F025-paraphrase",
    "family": "F025",
    "target": 1709,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Why might the agreement an observer hears among people met through hosts and existing contacts reveal the pattern of introductions more clearly than the distribution of views in a population?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe selection through introductions and the resulting limit on population-level inference.",
    "qualification": "Network selection can explain agreement without proving that the wider population disagrees."
  },
  {
    "id": "F026-application",
    "family": "F026",
    "target": 1983,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "An institution admits someone from a previously excluded group, and the event receives public attention. What concept helps examine the change in perceived possibilities separately from whether many others subsequently gain similar access?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns a noticed first exception that changes expectations while leaving the spread of access an open question.",
    "qualification": "No causal claim about later admissions is assumed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F026-boundary",
    "family": "F026",
    "target": 1983,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need to discuss the significance of a widely noticed admission without claiming that one exceptional entry proves broad access. What distinction separates its effect on expectations from the actual distribution of new opportunities?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns a noticed first exception that changes expectations while leaving the spread of access an open question.",
    "qualification": "No causal claim about later admissions is assumed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F026-paraphrase",
    "family": "F026",
    "target": 1983,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What describes the way a visible exception to an exclusion can change public expectations about who is able to enter, even when entry for other people in the same position has not become common?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns a noticed first exception that changes expectations while leaving the spread of access an open question.",
    "qualification": "No causal claim about later admissions is assumed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F027-application",
    "family": "F027",
    "target": 1158,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A teacher gives students a rhythmic phrase to remember a lesson. What concept explains its possible help with recall while leaving the content's accuracy and continuing relevance to separate evaluation?",
    "rationale": "The requests identify repeatable form as supporting memory while separating availability from validity.",
    "qualification": "Recall support does not establish truth or adequacy."
  },
  {
    "id": "F027-boundary",
    "family": "F027",
    "target": 1158,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should a statement's memorable pattern be distinguished from evidence that its message is true, sufficient or still applicable, even when people can reproduce the wording with ease?",
    "rationale": "The requests identify repeatable form as supporting memory while separating availability from validity.",
    "qualification": "Recall support does not establish truth or adequacy."
  },
  {
    "id": "F027-paraphrase",
    "family": "F027",
    "target": 1158,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How can a recurring sound, rhythm or arrangement help people retain and retrieve an expression, even though easier retrieval says nothing by itself about whether the expression is accurate?",
    "rationale": "The requests identify repeatable form as supporting memory while separating availability from validity.",
    "qualification": "Recall support does not establish truth or adequacy."
  },
  {
    "id": "F028-application",
    "family": "F028",
    "target": 1263,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A mixture contains material to retain and material to remove, and the two respond differently when heated. What general separation approach uses that difference to distinguish the target from the removable component?",
    "rationale": "The target defines separation through differential responses of desired and removable components to a treatment.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify an actual mixture or treatment conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F028-boundary",
    "family": "F028",
    "target": 1263,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I am looking for a separation principle based on contrasting responses to a specified treatment, such as heating or oxidation. How does the account distinguish retained and removed components through those responses?",
    "rationale": "The target defines separation through differential responses of desired and removable components to a treatment.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify an actual mixture or treatment conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F028-paraphrase",
    "family": "F028",
    "target": 1263,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What method separates parts of a mixture by subjecting them to a chosen treatment and exploiting the fact that the desired component reacts differently from the material that is meant to be removed?",
    "rationale": "The target defines separation through differential responses of desired and removable components to a treatment.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify an actual mixture or treatment conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F029-application",
    "family": "F029",
    "target": 1601,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A producer puts more resources into the same site and obtains more output, though not in matching proportion. What comparison isolates the contribution of this extra application?",
    "rationale": "The queries distinguish extra total output from the proportional yield of the added resource application.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify whether the proportional change is larger or smaller."
  },
  {
    "id": "F029-boundary",
    "family": "F029",
    "target": 1601,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why is observing a higher total yield after additional resources insufficient to show a proportional return, and what separate comparison is needed for the marginal application at that site?",
    "rationale": "The queries distinguish extra total output from the proportional yield of the added resource application.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify whether the proportional change is larger or smaller."
  },
  {
    "id": "F029-paraphrase",
    "family": "F029",
    "target": 1601,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How should an added application of resources at an existing site be evaluated when it increases production but the increase differs in proportion from the extra resources used?",
    "rationale": "The queries distinguish extra total output from the proportional yield of the added resource application.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify whether the proportional change is larger or smaller."
  },
  {
    "id": "F030-application",
    "family": "F030",
    "target": 1916,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A curriculum is being designed for learners whose future occupation or economic circumstances may change. What principle supports preparing them to function across those changes rather than training solely for a role chosen in advance?",
    "rationale": "The target contrasts adaptable preparation for changing circumstances with fitness for one selected social role.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives an educational aim without prescribing a curriculum."
  },
  {
    "id": "F030-boundary",
    "family": "F030",
    "target": 1916,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I explain why excellent preparation for a person's assigned social role does not demonstrate an ability to cope with a different occupation, level of wealth or position later in life?",
    "rationale": "The target contrasts adaptable preparation for changing circumstances with fitness for one selected social role.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives an educational aim without prescribing a curriculum."
  },
  {
    "id": "F030-paraphrase",
    "family": "F030",
    "target": 1916,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which educational ideal prepares someone for possible shifts in livelihood, wealth and social standing, instead of judging preparation only by how well the learner performs within an inherited or predetermined place?",
    "rationale": "The target contrasts adaptable preparation for changing circumstances with fitness for one selected social role.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives an educational aim without prescribing a curriculum."
  },
  {
    "id": "F031-application",
    "family": "F031",
    "target": 2039,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A tutor compares one continuous exercise period with the same amount of work spread over several meetings. What features must be specified before claiming that either arrangement improves learning?",
    "rationale": "The queries compare separated and continuous practice while retaining the stated conditions on any advantage.",
    "qualification": "No universally optimal interval or guaranteed benefit is supplied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F031-boundary",
    "family": "F031",
    "target": 2039,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe separating learning attempts over time without asserting a universal advantage, given that the content, intervals and criterion used to judge success may change the comparison?",
    "rationale": "The queries compare separated and continuous practice while retaining the stated conditions on any advantage.",
    "qualification": "No universally optimal interval or guaranteed benefit is supplied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F031-paraphrase",
    "family": "F031",
    "target": 2039,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What learning arrangement divides attempts into multiple periods with pauses between them, and how should material, pause length and the measure of success shape comparisons with uninterrupted work?",
    "rationale": "The queries compare separated and continuous practice while retaining the stated conditions on any advantage.",
    "qualification": "No universally optimal interval or guaranteed benefit is supplied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F032-application",
    "family": "F032",
    "target": 1969,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Members of a community argue that they may claim its common support because of their membership. Which idea helps describe that basis for access while keeping open whether the assistance actually reaches everyone adequately?",
    "rationale": "The target locates the claim to shared provision in membership and separates that basis from adequacy and distribution.",
    "qualification": "An entitlement claim is not evidence of effective delivery."
  },
  {
    "id": "F032-boundary",
    "family": "F032",
    "target": 1969,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need to distinguish an entitlement to communal help from a donor's voluntary gift, without assuming that recognizing the entitlement proves sufficient resources or equal delivery. What concept makes that distinction?",
    "rationale": "The target locates the claim to shared provision in membership and separates that basis from adequacy and distribution.",
    "qualification": "An entitlement claim is not evidence of effective delivery."
  },
  {
    "id": "F032-paraphrase",
    "family": "F032",
    "target": 1969,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What conception of shared assistance treats people's access as something owed because they belong to the community, rather than as generosity that an individual benefactor may choose to offer or withhold?",
    "rationale": "The target locates the claim to shared provision in membership and separates that basis from adequacy and distribution.",
    "qualification": "An entitlement claim is not evidence of effective delivery."
  },
  {
    "id": "F033-application",
    "family": "F033",
    "target": 1791,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "In discussing a religious teaching about craving, how can the image of cutting visible growth while leaving its root explain why merely suppressing an appearance may allow its return?",
    "rationale": "The queries use the root image to separate suppression from removal of recurrence conditions and constrain broader applications.",
    "qualification": "Applications outside the religious setting require their own evidence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F033-boundary",
    "family": "F033",
    "target": 1791,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "If a writer applies a religious root metaphor to another recurring problem, why must evidence for that problem's actual recurrence conditions be supplied instead of borrowed from the metaphor alone?",
    "rationale": "The queries use the root image to separate suppression from removal of recurrence conditions and constrain broader applications.",
    "qualification": "Applications outside the religious setting require their own evidence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F033-paraphrase",
    "family": "F033",
    "target": 1791,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What religious image compares craving to a root, distinguishing the suppression of an outward appearance from elimination of the conditions that let thirst and suffering arise again?",
    "rationale": "The queries use the root image to separate suppression from removal of recurrence conditions and constrain broader applications.",
    "qualification": "Applications outside the religious setting require their own evidence."
  },
  {
    "id": "F034-application",
    "family": "F034",
    "target": 1513,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A leader has finished the work that justified their involvement but wants to keep extending authority because it went well. Which principle supports ending that expansion once the accomplishment is complete?",
    "rationale": "The target recommends stopping the extension of advantage once the relevant work has been completed.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not supply a test for when accomplishment is complete."
  },
  {
    "id": "F034-boundary",
    "family": "F034",
    "target": 1513,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I am looking for a principle about ceasing to exploit an advantage after the work is finished. How can I distinguish that timing from abandoning a task before its purpose has been accomplished?",
    "rationale": "The target recommends stopping the extension of advantage once the relevant work has been completed.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not supply a test for when accomplishment is complete."
  },
  {
    "id": "F034-paraphrase",
    "family": "F034",
    "target": 1513,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What principle recommends stepping back after a task has succeeded, instead of treating success as permission to keep expanding one's possessions, displaying superiority or maintaining control without a definite end?",
    "rationale": "The target recommends stopping the extension of advantage once the relevant work has been completed.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not supply a test for when accomplishment is complete."
  },
  {
    "id": "F035-application",
    "family": "F035",
    "target": 1170,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "An artistic community wants to renew its practice through close study of another tradition's forms. What account would explain adaptation as compatible with originality rather than evidence of lost purity?",
    "rationale": "The information needs connect renewal to sustained cross-traditional encounter and adaptation of inherited forms.",
    "qualification": "The definition describes a route to renewal, not a guarantee for every borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "F035-boundary",
    "family": "F035",
    "target": 1170,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "What understanding of creative renewal rejects cultural self-sufficiency as a necessary condition for originality while emphasizing sustained encounter and adaptation, rather than assuming any brief borrowing produces renewal?",
    "rationale": "The information needs connect renewal to sustained cross-traditional encounter and adaptation of inherited forms.",
    "qualification": "The definition describes a route to renewal, not a guarantee for every borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "F035-paraphrase",
    "family": "F035",
    "target": 1170,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How can sustained engagement with forms from a different tradition revitalize an existing practice, making inherited models available for adaptation without requiring originality to depend on cultural isolation?",
    "rationale": "The information needs connect renewal to sustained cross-traditional encounter and adaptation of inherited forms.",
    "qualification": "The definition describes a route to renewal, not a guarantee for every borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "F036-application",
    "family": "F036",
    "target": 1341,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "During a collaborative activity, learners move and speak while coordinating their actions and exercising appropriate restraint. What idea lets an observer assess their self regulation without using silence or immobility as the sole measure?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies self regulation through purposeful action and context appropriate restraint rather than passive outward compliance alone.",
    "qualification": "Visible activity alone is not presented as sufficient evidence of self regulation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F036-boundary",
    "family": "F036",
    "target": 1341,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish purposeful self regulation from merely complying quickly with an external order, especially when a person can act visibly and energetically while still showing coordinated restraint appropriate to the situation?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies self regulation through purposeful action and context appropriate restraint rather than passive outward compliance alone.",
    "qualification": "Visible activity alone is not presented as sufficient evidence of self regulation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F036-paraphrase",
    "family": "F036",
    "target": 1341,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What account of self control recognizes deliberate, coordinated conduct and suitable restraint as evidence of regulation, rather than judging it only by whether a person remains still, stays quiet or immediately obeys someone else?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies self regulation through purposeful action and context appropriate restraint rather than passive outward compliance alone.",
    "qualification": "Visible activity alone is not presented as sufficient evidence of self regulation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F037-application",
    "family": "F037",
    "target": 1178,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A historian finds a rule assigning children the restricted position of a parent. How can the rule's mechanism be described separately from any argument attempting to make that arrangement morally acceptable?",
    "rationale": "The queries isolate parentage-based transmission of coercive status from personal consent and normative justification.",
    "qualification": "Describing the transmission rule does not justify it."
  },
  {
    "id": "F037-boundary",
    "family": "F037",
    "target": 1178,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does explaining how parentage transmits a person's subjection neither establish that person's consent nor provide a moral defense of the system that reproduces the restriction across generations?",
    "rationale": "The queries isolate parentage-based transmission of coercive status from personal consent and normative justification.",
    "qualification": "Describing the transmission rule does not justify it."
  },
  {
    "id": "F037-paraphrase",
    "family": "F037",
    "target": 1178,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What kind of social arrangement gives a person restricted standing because of their parents, carrying subjection into a new generation without requiring that person's own action or consent?",
    "rationale": "The queries isolate parentage-based transmission of coercive status from personal consent and normative justification.",
    "qualification": "Describing the transmission rule does not justify it."
  },
  {
    "id": "F038-application",
    "family": "F038",
    "target": 2048,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A tool is usually assessed through one familiar task, but a team wants to consider using the same capability at another scale. What concept separates what it can do from the consequences of that particular deployment?",
    "rationale": "The target distinguishes an effective capacity from context dependent outcomes of its applications.",
    "qualification": "Possibility of another use is not an endorsement of its desirability."
  },
  {
    "id": "F038-boundary",
    "family": "F038",
    "target": 2048,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I recognize that a familiar capability might work differently in another institution without taking the mere existence of a possible application as proof that the new use would be desirable?",
    "rationale": "The target distinguishes an effective capacity from context dependent outcomes of its applications.",
    "qualification": "Possibility of another use is not an endorsement of its desirability."
  },
  {
    "id": "F038-paraphrase",
    "family": "F038",
    "target": 2048,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What distinction helps explain why an effective ability can have different results in different activities or institutions, and why assessing it solely through its familiar use may hide other possible applications?",
    "rationale": "The target distinguishes an effective capacity from context dependent outcomes of its applications.",
    "qualification": "Possibility of another use is not an endorsement of its desirability."
  },
  {
    "id": "F039-application",
    "family": "F039",
    "target": 1413,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A person injures no one but never contributes to anyone else's welfare. How would Smith's distinction help assess basic acceptability in society separately from exceptional generosity or admiration?",
    "rationale": "The queries separate noninjury required for tolerable association from affirmative contribution to another's good.",
    "qualification": "The contrast concerns different moral demands, not a complete assessment of character."
  },
  {
    "id": "F039-boundary",
    "family": "F039",
    "target": 1413,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should compliance with a duty against injury not be treated as sufficient evidence of active goodwill, even if that restraint is necessary for people to live together tolerably?",
    "rationale": "The queries separate noninjury required for tolerable association from affirmative contribution to another's good.",
    "qualification": "The contrast concerns different moral demands, not a complete assessment of character."
  },
  {
    "id": "F039-paraphrase",
    "family": "F039",
    "target": 1413,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How does Smith distinguish the requirement to avoid harming others from actively helping them, such that meeting a basic condition of social coexistence need not make someone generous?",
    "rationale": "The queries separate noninjury required for tolerable association from affirmative contribution to another's good.",
    "qualification": "The contrast concerns different moral demands, not a complete assessment of character."
  },
  {
    "id": "F040-application",
    "family": "F040",
    "target": 1154,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A speaker wants to reuse an intense delivery that worked well before, but the new audience and subject differ. What concept helps assess whether that manner would now distract, overstate or mislead?",
    "rationale": "The target evaluates expression through its match to subject, audience and occasion.",
    "qualification": "The definition provides a contextual criterion, not a universal preferred style."
  },
  {
    "id": "F040-boundary",
    "family": "F040",
    "target": 1154,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I explain that an effective register in one setting does not establish its suitability for another, when the subject, audience or occasion changes even though the wording and delivery remain the same?",
    "rationale": "The target evaluates expression through its match to subject, audience and occasion.",
    "qualification": "The definition provides a contextual criterion, not a universal preferred style."
  },
  {
    "id": "F040-paraphrase",
    "family": "F040",
    "target": 1154,
    "band": 2,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What principle judges a manner of speaking or writing by how well its tone, force and style match the topic, listeners and situation, rather than assuming that a successful style works equally well everywhere?",
    "rationale": "The target evaluates expression through its match to subject, audience and occasion.",
    "qualification": "The definition provides a contextual criterion, not a universal preferred style."
  },
  {
    "id": "F041-application",
    "family": "F041",
    "target": 2344,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A specimen resembles the organized structure of a former body but now bends and burns differently. How should an investigator separate evidence from its arrangement from evidence about its present substance?",
    "rationale": "The needs concern persistent organization amid changed material behavior and the distinct historical questions each addresses.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a specific transformation mechanism or specimen type."
  },
  {
    "id": "F041-boundary",
    "family": "F041",
    "target": 2344,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does recognizing a familiar bodily arrangement in a specimen not establish that its original material properties survive, even when the structural resemblance offers evidence about its earlier history?",
    "rationale": "The needs concern persistent organization amid changed material behavior and the distinct historical questions each addresses.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a specific transformation mechanism or specimen type."
  },
  {
    "id": "F041-paraphrase",
    "family": "F041",
    "target": 2344,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How can a specimen keep an earlier body's characteristic arrangement even after its hardness, weight or flexibility changes, and why do form and material behavior tell different parts of its history?",
    "rationale": "The needs concern persistent organization amid changed material behavior and the distinct historical questions each addresses.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a specific transformation mechanism or specimen type."
  },
  {
    "id": "F042-application",
    "family": "F042",
    "target": 3100,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I want to understand why a local animal group changes in both size and composition over several years. What modeling approach considers births, deaths and movement while identifying the environmental conditions it assumes?",
    "rationale": "The target studies changes in population size and composition through specified demographic processes and models.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a particular model or species."
  },
  {
    "id": "F042-boundary",
    "family": "F042",
    "target": 3100,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "When using a model of changes in a living population, how can I identify which births, deaths, movements or interactions it actually represents instead of assuming that every process and environmental influence is included?",
    "rationale": "The target studies changes in population size and composition through specified demographic processes and models.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a particular model or species."
  },
  {
    "id": "F042-paraphrase",
    "family": "F042",
    "target": 3100,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What field studies how the number and composition of living groups change over time through births, deaths, movement and interactions, using models that make clear which processes and environmental circumstances are included?",
    "rationale": "The target studies changes in population size and composition through specified demographic processes and models.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a particular model or species."
  },
  {
    "id": "F043-application",
    "family": "F043",
    "target": 2720,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I need to inspect nodes in a network that includes loops and isolated components. How should a visiting procedure account for both without treating visitation sequence as a ranking?",
    "rationale": "The queries address procedural visits through connections, handling cycles and disconnected components, and limits on interpreting order.",
    "qualification": "No particular visitation algorithm or ordering strategy is required."
  },
  {
    "id": "F043-boundary",
    "family": "F043",
    "target": 2720,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should the order in which a procedure visits connected vertices not be interpreted as their inherent importance or as a sequence of logical consequences implied by the network?",
    "rationale": "The queries address procedural visits through connections, handling cycles and disconnected components, and limits on interpreting order.",
    "qualification": "No particular visitation algorithm or ordering strategy is required."
  },
  {
    "id": "F043-paraphrase",
    "family": "F043",
    "target": 2720,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What procedure inspects a network by visiting connected nodes or links in a chosen sequence, with special provision for loops and portions that are disconnected from the starting point?",
    "rationale": "The queries address procedural visits through connections, handling cycles and disconnected components, and limits on interpreting order.",
    "qualification": "No particular visitation algorithm or ordering strategy is required."
  },
  {
    "id": "F044-application",
    "family": "F044",
    "target": 2596,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "While reading a Hertzsprung Russell diagram, I want to identify the long lived stars whose central energy source is hydrogen fusion. What category should I use, and what primarily governs their position along its band?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies the core hydrogen burning stellar stage and distinguishes it from white dwarfs.",
    "qualification": "Mass is principal but not the sole influence on diagram position."
  },
  {
    "id": "F044-boundary",
    "family": "F044",
    "target": 2596,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish the long hydrogen burning stage of stellar life from white dwarfs when both descriptions may use the word dwarf, without treating that shared terminology as evidence that they belong together?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies the core hydrogen burning stellar stage and distinguishes it from white dwarfs.",
    "qualification": "Mass is principal but not the sole influence on diagram position."
  },
  {
    "id": "F044-paraphrase",
    "family": "F044",
    "target": 2596,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which stellar category describes the long stage powered mainly by hydrogen fusion at the center, occupying the prominent band in the Hertzsprung Russell diagram with location determined chiefly by mass and also by composition and age?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies the core hydrogen burning stellar stage and distinguishes it from white dwarfs.",
    "qualification": "Mass is principal but not the sole influence on diagram position."
  },
  {
    "id": "F045-application",
    "family": "F045",
    "target": 2566,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A designer creates different written codes using uppercase letters and punctuation, then has people read them aloud. What must be checked to establish that listeners can still recover distinct messages?",
    "rationale": "The queries make distinguishability depend on the transmission channel and recovery, rather than written uniqueness alone.",
    "qualification": "Whether a distinction survives must be assessed for the actual channel and recovery method."
  },
  {
    "id": "F045-boundary",
    "family": "F045",
    "target": 2566,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why is assigning a unique written string to every message insufficient to prove successful communication, when the intended spoken channel can remove distinctions on which the assignment relies?",
    "rationale": "The queries make distinguishability depend on the transmission channel and recovery, rather than written uniqueness alone.",
    "qualification": "Whether a distinction survives must be assessed for the actual channel and recovery method."
  },
  {
    "id": "F045-paraphrase",
    "family": "F045",
    "target": 2566,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What determines whether an encoding really keeps messages distinguishable when the route of transmission may erase differences in capitalization, punctuation or word boundaries that are visible in writing?",
    "rationale": "The queries make distinguishability depend on the transmission channel and recovery, rather than written uniqueness alone.",
    "qualification": "Whether a distinction survives must be assessed for the actual channel and recovery method."
  },
  {
    "id": "F046-application",
    "family": "F046",
    "target": 2965,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am following chromosome behavior in a reproductive cell after its DNA has been copied. What process explains a reduction in chromosome number together with possible reshuffling of inherited material through recombination and segregation?",
    "rationale": "The target is the reproductive nuclear division sequence that reduces chromosome number and can reshuffle inherited material.",
    "qualification": "The family avoids specifying a universal product count or developmental timing."
  },
  {
    "id": "F046-boundary",
    "family": "F046",
    "target": 2965,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe the chromosome reducing divisions associated with sexual reproduction without assuming that every organism or reproductive cell type produces identical products or carries out those divisions at the same time?",
    "rationale": "The target is the reproductive nuclear division sequence that reduces chromosome number and can reshuffle inherited material.",
    "qualification": "The family avoids specifying a universal product count or developmental timing."
  },
  {
    "id": "F046-paraphrase",
    "family": "F046",
    "target": 2965,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which sequence of nuclear divisions follows DNA copying and reduces chromosome number for sexual reproduction, while recombination and segregation can rearrange inherited material and the resulting cells differ across organisms and reproductive roles?",
    "rationale": "The target is the reproductive nuclear division sequence that reduces chromosome number and can reshuffle inherited material.",
    "qualification": "The family avoids specifying a universal product count or developmental timing."
  },
  {
    "id": "F047-application",
    "family": "F047",
    "target": 2856,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A researcher identifies an attracting set with fractal structure in a dynamical system. What concept describes its geometry, and what additional issue remains before claiming sensitivity characteristic of chaos?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify the fractal geometry criterion and explicitly distinguish it from chaotic sensitivity.",
    "qualification": "Fractal attracting sets may be nonchaotic."
  },
  {
    "id": "F047-boundary",
    "family": "F047",
    "target": 2856,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can an attracting set have fractal structure without supporting chaotic dynamics, and why should geometric complexity not be treated as sufficient evidence of chaotic sensitivity in the system?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify the fractal geometry criterion and explicitly distinguish it from chaotic sensitivity.",
    "qualification": "Fractal attracting sets may be nonchaotic."
  },
  {
    "id": "F047-paraphrase",
    "family": "F047",
    "target": 2856,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What kind of attracting set is characterized by fractal geometry in the space of possible states, and how is that geometric feature related to, but distinct from, chaotic behavior?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify the fractal geometry criterion and explicitly distinguish it from chaotic sensitivity.",
    "qualification": "Fractal attracting sets may be nonchaotic."
  },
  {
    "id": "F048-application",
    "family": "F048",
    "target": 2850,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A measured quantity repeatedly rises and falls around a middle level, and the size of its swings gradually decreases. What general concept describes this pattern before I determine the physical cause of the motion?",
    "rationale": "The target covers repeated variation, including damped behavior, while separating pattern recognition from mechanism and prediction.",
    "qualification": "Observing recurrence alone does not establish a mechanism or reliable forecast."
  },
  {
    "id": "F048-boundary",
    "family": "F048",
    "target": 2850,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I can see a recurring cycle in measurements, but I do not yet know its cause. What concept identifies the repeated variation without implying that its mechanism or exact future timing is already known?",
    "rationale": "The target covers repeated variation, including damped behavior, while separating pattern recognition from mechanism and prediction.",
    "qualification": "Observing recurrence alone does not establish a mechanism or reliable forecast."
  },
  {
    "id": "F048-paraphrase",
    "family": "F048",
    "target": 2850,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What general behavior involves a quantity repeatedly moving about a central value or between states, with repetitions that may continue, fade or be externally driven across many different kinds of systems?",
    "rationale": "The target covers repeated variation, including damped behavior, while separating pattern recognition from mechanism and prediction.",
    "qualification": "Observing recurrence alone does not establish a mechanism or reliable forecast."
  },
  {
    "id": "F049-application",
    "family": "F049",
    "target": 2874,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A team is developing equipment whose failure could cause severe environmental damage. What designation explains the need for suitable assurance, before the team has demonstrated that assurance?",
    "rationale": "The information needs connect classification to severe failure consequences and distinguish required assurance from achieved assurance.",
    "qualification": "No specific assurance standard or completed safety case is implied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F049-boundary",
    "family": "F049",
    "target": 2874,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does labeling equipment by the potentially catastrophic consequences of failure establish a need for assurance rather than show that adequate assurance has already been completed or achieved?",
    "rationale": "The information needs connect classification to severe failure consequences and distinguish required assurance from achieved assurance.",
    "qualification": "No specific assurance standard or completed safety case is implied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F049-paraphrase",
    "family": "F049",
    "target": 2874,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How is equipment classified when a malfunction could kill people, cause serious injury, severely damage property or harm the environment, and what does that consequence-based classification require?",
    "rationale": "The information needs connect classification to severe failure consequences and distinguish required assurance from achieved assurance.",
    "qualification": "No specific assurance standard or completed safety case is implied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F050-application",
    "family": "F050",
    "target": 2519,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I have one image that lays out every possible coordinate address and another designed to carry chosen data. What distinction helps explain their different purposes without assigning meaning to unused addresses in the first image?",
    "rationale": "The target separates exhaustive address display from framed data transport and rejects inferred meanings for unused values.",
    "qualification": "No particular coordinate scheme or encoding is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F050-boundary",
    "family": "F050",
    "target": 2519,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I explain that sharing a color space does not make an exhaustive address atlas a transmitted message, and that listing possible values does not itself give unallocated values an intended meaning?",
    "rationale": "The target separates exhaustive address display from framed data transport and rejects inferred meanings for unused values.",
    "qualification": "No particular coordinate scheme or encoding is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F050-paraphrase",
    "family": "F050",
    "target": 2519,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What distinction separates an image displaying all addresses permitted by a coordinate scheme from an image transmitting selected content under interpretation rules, even when both images draw on the same collection of colors?",
    "rationale": "The target separates exhaustive address display from framed data transport and rejects inferred meanings for unused values.",
    "qualification": "No particular coordinate scheme or encoding is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F051-application",
    "family": "F051",
    "target": 3109,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A team studying declining biological diversity needs to consider ecological change, evolutionary evidence and how people use local resources. What field integrates those concerns when developing protection efforts?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect biodiversity loss to interdisciplinary evidence, social conditions and value-bearing protective goals.",
    "qualification": "Empirical evidence informs goals but does not eliminate their normative dimension."
  },
  {
    "id": "F051-boundary",
    "family": "F051",
    "target": 3109,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should efforts to understand and reduce biodiversity loss distinguish empirical findings from the values expressed in protection goals, even when both are necessary to the same interdisciplinary work?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect biodiversity loss to interdisciplinary evidence, social conditions and value-bearing protective goals.",
    "qualification": "Empirical evidence informs goals but does not eliminate their normative dimension."
  },
  {
    "id": "F051-paraphrase",
    "family": "F051",
    "target": 3109,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which interdisciplinary field studies the loss of biological variety and ways to limit it, bringing ecological and evolutionary evidence together with human conditions governing protection and resource use?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect biodiversity loss to interdisciplinary evidence, social conditions and value-bearing protective goals.",
    "qualification": "Empirical evidence informs goals but does not eliminate their normative dimension."
  },
  {
    "id": "F052-application",
    "family": "F052",
    "target": 2413,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Reviewers agree on the winning entry but dispute whether its lead was large and whether the judging process was fair. What concept allows me to report their shared ranking without overstating their agreement?",
    "rationale": "The target separates agreement on ordinal placement from agreement on margins and evaluation fairness.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not infer that the agreed winner was fairly selected."
  },
  {
    "id": "F052-boundary",
    "family": "F052",
    "target": 2413,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need to explain why consensus about first place does not establish consensus about score differences, evidential standards or treatment during evaluation. What distinction keeps those unresolved issues visible despite an accepted ordering?",
    "rationale": "The target separates agreement on ordinal placement from agreement on margins and evaluation fairness.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not infer that the agreed winner was fairly selected."
  },
  {
    "id": "F052-paraphrase",
    "family": "F052",
    "target": 2413,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What distinction explains how people can accept which result came first while continuing to disagree about the size of its advantage, the supporting evidence or whether the evaluation treated the participants fairly?",
    "rationale": "The target separates agreement on ordinal placement from agreement on margins and evaluation fairness.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not infer that the agreed winner was fairly selected."
  },
  {
    "id": "F053-application",
    "family": "F053",
    "target": 3070,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A research team simulates future climatic behavior using coupled equations and assumed drivers. How should it explain why changing those assumptions or boundary conditions can change the resulting projections?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe representations of interacting climate processes and retain the conditional character of projections.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify predictive accuracy for any particular representation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F053-boundary",
    "family": "F053",
    "target": 3070,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How should a numerical projection of climatic conditions be interpreted when its outcome depends on structure, initial conditions and assumed future drivers, rather than being an unconditional statement about the future?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe representations of interacting climate processes and retain the conditional character of projections.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify predictive accuracy for any particular representation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F053-paraphrase",
    "family": "F053",
    "target": 3070,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What representation combines interacting climate processes to investigate behavior and possible futures, with numerical outcomes depending on equations, parameter choices, starting conditions and assumptions about future influences?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe representations of interacting climate processes and retain the conditional character of projections.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify predictive accuracy for any particular representation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F054-application",
    "family": "F054",
    "target": 2685,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A developer proposes a checker that always correctly determines whether every possible program and input will eventually finish in a Turing complete setting. What established limitation bears directly on this proposed universal checker?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns universal termination decision impossibility while retaining decidable or provable special cases.",
    "qualification": "The universal limitation is tied to the stated computational model."
  },
  {
    "id": "F054-boundary",
    "family": "F054",
    "target": 2685,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I explain the impossibility of deciding termination for all program and input pairs without incorrectly concluding that termination can never be proved for a particular program or a restricted class?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns universal termination decision impossibility while retaining decidable or provable special cases.",
    "qualification": "The universal limitation is tied to the stated computational model."
  },
  {
    "id": "F054-paraphrase",
    "family": "F054",
    "target": 2685,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which computational decision task asks whether any supplied program will eventually stop on its supplied input, and why is a universally correct decision procedure unavailable even though some individual cases can be proved?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns universal termination decision impossibility while retaining decidable or provable special cases.",
    "qualification": "The universal limitation is tied to the stated computational model."
  },
  {
    "id": "F055-application",
    "family": "F055",
    "target": 2953,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "While labeling a eukaryotic cell diagram, I need a term for the fluid plus internal structures outside the nucleus. How does that region differ from the fluid component alone?",
    "rationale": "The questions target the fluid-plus-structures category and distinguish it from cytosol and the eukaryotic nucleus.",
    "qualification": "The nuclear exclusion is stated as the usual eukaryotic convention."
  },
  {
    "id": "F055-boundary",
    "family": "F055",
    "target": 2953,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should cytosol not be used interchangeably with the broader contents inside a cell membrane when that broader category includes organelles and conventionally excludes the eukaryotic nucleus?",
    "rationale": "The questions target the fluid-plus-structures category and distinguish it from cytosol and the eukaryotic nucleus.",
    "qualification": "The nuclear exclusion is stated as the usual eukaryotic convention."
  },
  {
    "id": "F055-paraphrase",
    "family": "F055",
    "target": 2953,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What cellular region includes the internal fluid and suspended structures within the membrane, while normally leaving the nucleus outside its scope when describing a eukaryotic cell?",
    "rationale": "The questions target the fluid-plus-structures category and distinguish it from cytosol and the eukaryotic nucleus.",
    "qualification": "The nuclear exclusion is stated as the usual eukaryotic convention."
  },
  {
    "id": "F056-application",
    "family": "F056",
    "target": 2592,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "An observation contains a narrow absorption feature whose position and width differ from expectations. What concept should I examine when using that feature to infer a species or state while accounting for shifts and broadening?",
    "rationale": "The target is a narrow spectral feature whose interpretation depends on its properties and observational effects.",
    "qualification": "No species identification is claimed from an isolated feature."
  },
  {
    "id": "F056-boundary",
    "family": "F056",
    "target": 2592,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does observing a narrow emission or absorption feature not by itself establish a unique species or state, when its apparent position, shape and strength can depend on shifts, broadening and the measurement conditions?",
    "rationale": "The target is a narrow spectral feature whose interpretation depends on its properties and observational effects.",
    "qualification": "No species identification is claimed from an isolated feature."
  },
  {
    "id": "F056-paraphrase",
    "family": "F056",
    "target": 2592,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What relatively narrow feature in emitted or absorbed light can reflect particular energy changes or interactions, with its location, width and intensity providing information that must be interpreted in light of shifts and observing conditions?",
    "rationale": "The target is a narrow spectral feature whose interpretation depends on its properties and observational effects.",
    "qualification": "No species identification is claimed from an isolated feature."
  },
  {
    "id": "F057-application",
    "family": "F057",
    "target": 2094,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "An observer sees an unchanged form while matter enters and forms at one end and disappears at another. What distinction explains the apparent stability despite continual material replacement?",
    "rationale": "The queries distinguish stable appearance from stationary constituents through continued formation and removal.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies a pattern of maintenance without specifying a physical mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F057-boundary",
    "family": "F057",
    "target": 2094,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does an enduring visible pattern not establish that its constituent matter stays still, when formation and removal in different regions can maintain the same overall appearance?",
    "rationale": "The queries distinguish stable appearance from stationary constituents through continued formation and removal.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies a pattern of maintenance without specifying a physical mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F057-paraphrase",
    "family": "F057",
    "target": 2094,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How can a visible shape persist while its constituent material is continually replaced, with new material forming in one region and older material being removed in another?",
    "rationale": "The queries distinguish stable appearance from stationary constituents through continued formation and removal.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies a pattern of maintenance without specifying a physical mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F058-application",
    "family": "F058",
    "target": 2570,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am modeling a bound orbit as a two body system and comparing its period with its semimajor axis. What set of relations also specifies the ellipse's focus and the area swept during equal time intervals?",
    "rationale": "The target gathers the three idealized two body orbital relations and their multibody limitation.",
    "qualification": "The period comparison assumes a fixed mass parameter."
  },
  {
    "id": "F058-boundary",
    "family": "F058",
    "target": 2570,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I use the ellipse, swept area and period relations for an ideal two body orbit without treating them as an unchanged complete description of real motion influenced by several gravitating bodies?",
    "rationale": "The target gathers the three idealized two body orbital relations and their multibody limitation.",
    "qualification": "The period comparison assumes a fixed mass parameter."
  },
  {
    "id": "F058-paraphrase",
    "family": "F058",
    "target": 2570,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which idealized orbital rules connect an elliptical bound path, equal areas traversed in equal intervals and the relation between period squared and semimajor axis cubed when the relevant mass parameter is fixed?",
    "rationale": "The target gathers the three idealized two body orbital relations and their multibody limitation.",
    "qualification": "The period comparison assumes a fixed mass parameter."
  },
  {
    "id": "F059-application",
    "family": "F059",
    "target": 2146,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A discussion of access to resources asks whether everyone has a basic claim to opportunities needed for life and labor. How would George ground that claim in existence and creation?",
    "rationale": "The queries link equal standing to natural opportunities, reciprocal limits and separation from implementation schemes.",
    "qualification": "The principle alone does not determine an administrative scheme."
  },
  {
    "id": "F059-boundary",
    "family": "F059",
    "target": 2146,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can a principle affirming equal claims to natural opportunities be separated from a specific administrative arrangement, while still recognizing that any person's use is constrained by others' equal claims?",
    "rationale": "The queries link equal standing to natural opportunities, reciprocal limits and separation from implementation schemes.",
    "qualification": "The principle alone does not determine an administrative scheme."
  },
  {
    "id": "F059-paraphrase",
    "family": "F059",
    "target": 2146,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What normative argument connects people's equal standing with a claim to the opportunities nature provides for living and working, while limiting each person's use by the same claims of others?",
    "rationale": "The queries link equal standing to natural opportunities, reciprocal limits and separation from implementation schemes.",
    "qualification": "The principle alone does not determine an administrative scheme."
  },
  {
    "id": "F060-application",
    "family": "F060",
    "target": 2367,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Two groups want a joint course that retains what each contributes rather than simply splitting losses. What approach should guide the discussion, and where should we look to determine whether the resulting relationship actually achieves it?",
    "rationale": "The target seeks a new relation accommodating contributions and distinguishes that achievement from domination, concession and erased differences.",
    "qualification": "The definition requires evidence in the resulting relation but does not specify a measurement procedure."
  },
  {
    "id": "F060-boundary",
    "family": "F060",
    "target": 2367,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish a genuinely new relation among differing contributions from a compromise that divides losses or a merger that erases differences, without relying only on participants' harmonious language as proof?",
    "rationale": "The target seeks a new relation accommodating contributions and distinguishes that achievement from domination, concession and erased differences.",
    "qualification": "The definition requires evidence in the resulting relation but does not specify a measurement procedure."
  },
  {
    "id": "F060-paraphrase",
    "family": "F060",
    "target": 2367,
    "band": 3,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What approach to disagreement seeks a newly formed course that gives each relevant contribution a place, instead of letting one side dominate, merely dividing sacrifices or making distinct positions indistinguishable from each other?",
    "rationale": "The target seeks a new relation accommodating contributions and distinguishes that achievement from domination, concession and erased differences.",
    "qualification": "The definition requires evidence in the resulting relation but does not specify a measurement procedure."
  },
  {
    "id": "F061-application",
    "family": "F061",
    "target": 3772,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A language lesson groups contrasting word pairs together. What framework would help students distinguish graded contrasts from complementary categories and reciprocal roles before drawing conclusions from those pairs?",
    "rationale": "The questions concern semantic contrasts and the differing inferences licensed by their types.",
    "qualification": "The general relation does not by itself specify logical negation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F061-boundary",
    "family": "F061",
    "target": 3772,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does calling two words opposites fail to establish that one is the logical negation of the other, given the different kinds of contrast between lexical meanings?",
    "rationale": "The questions concern semantic contrasts and the differing inferences licensed by their types.",
    "qualification": "The general relation does not by itself specify logical negation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F061-paraphrase",
    "family": "F061",
    "target": 3772,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How do contrasts between word meanings differ when they concern positions on a scale, mutually exclusive categories or reciprocal roles, and why do those differences matter for inference?",
    "rationale": "The questions concern semantic contrasts and the differing inferences licensed by their types.",
    "qualification": "The general relation does not by itself specify logical negation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F062-application",
    "family": "F062",
    "target": 4097,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Our database structure is changing, but existing records and older application queries still need to work or be transformed appropriately. What discipline addresses the consequences of that change across successive database versions?",
    "rationale": "The target covers structural database changes together with compatibility and transformation consequences across versions.",
    "qualification": "No database system or specific migration strategy is assumed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F062-boundary",
    "family": "F062",
    "target": 4097,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why is editing a database's structural declaration only part of the work when stored data already exist and applications rely on the previous version? I need the concept that includes compatibility and information transformation.",
    "rationale": "The target covers structural database changes together with compatibility and transformation consequences across versions.",
    "qualification": "No database system or specific migration strategy is assumed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F062-paraphrase",
    "family": "F062",
    "target": 4097,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What database maintenance problem concerns changing the organization of stored information while managing how existing records, queries and applications behave across versions, including any transformations needed to preserve compatibility?",
    "rationale": "The target covers structural database changes together with compatibility and transformation consequences across versions.",
    "qualification": "No database system or specific migration strategy is assumed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F063-application",
    "family": "F063",
    "target": 3733,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A guide points toward an object and visitors turn to look at it together. What kind of shared reference has been established before anyone agrees about the object's significance?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify coordinated focus on a common target and distinguish shared reference from agreement.",
    "qualification": "Coordination of attention does not establish a common interpretation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F063-boundary",
    "family": "F063",
    "target": 3733,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can people coordinate their focus on a single event without sharing an opinion about it, and why should successful reference to that event not be mistaken for agreement?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify coordinated focus on a common target and distinguish shared reference from agreement.",
    "qualification": "Coordination of attention does not establish a common interpretation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F063-paraphrase",
    "family": "F063",
    "target": 3733,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What communicative situation occurs when several people coordinate their focus on the same object or event through looking, pointing or speaking, even if they interpret that target differently?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify coordinated focus on a common target and distinguish shared reference from agreement.",
    "qualification": "Coordination of attention does not establish a common interpretation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F064-application",
    "family": "F064",
    "target": 3914,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A city wants residents to propose projects, debate them and choose how to allocate a designated fund. What process fits this intention when residents' role includes a defined power to decide the spending?",
    "rationale": "The target combines public proposals and deliberation with defined decision authority over part of a public budget.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not imply control over the entire public budget."
  },
  {
    "id": "F064-boundary",
    "family": "F064",
    "target": 3914,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish a process that gives residents authority over a defined share of public spending from a consultation that collects their opinions but leaves all allocation decisions entirely elsewhere?",
    "rationale": "The target combines public proposals and deliberation with defined decision authority over part of a public budget.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not imply control over the entire public budget."
  },
  {
    "id": "F064-paraphrase",
    "family": "F064",
    "target": 3914,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What public process gives community members a defined part in suggesting, discussing and deciding how a specified portion of public money is allocated, with actual decision authority within a stated spending boundary?",
    "rationale": "The target combines public proposals and deliberation with defined decision authority over part of a public budget.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not imply control over the entire public budget."
  },
  {
    "id": "F065-application",
    "family": "F065",
    "target": 3612,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A physics student describes the lowest possible energy state as an empty box with nothing in it. What explanation would correct that picture while specifying the theory and background conditions?",
    "rationale": "The queries seek the lowest-energy field-theoretic state while rejecting ordinary emptiness and retaining contextual dependence.",
    "qualification": "Properties cannot be assigned independently of the theory and background."
  },
  {
    "id": "F065-boundary",
    "family": "F065",
    "target": 3612,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why is the lowest-energy state in a field theory not equivalent to an ordinary container devoid of fields, and why must its properties be stated relative to specified conditions?",
    "rationale": "The queries seek the lowest-energy field-theoretic state while rejecting ordinary emptiness and retaining contextual dependence.",
    "qualification": "Properties cannot be assigned independently of the theory and background."
  },
  {
    "id": "F065-paraphrase",
    "family": "F065",
    "target": 3612,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "How should the minimum-energy condition of a quantum field theory be understood when it still involves fields and its properties depend on the specified theory and surrounding background?",
    "rationale": "The queries seek the lowest-energy field-theoretic state while rejecting ordinary emptiness and retaining contextual dependence.",
    "qualification": "Properties cannot be assigned independently of the theory and background."
  },
  {
    "id": "F066-application",
    "family": "F066",
    "target": 3475,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A research team wants to compare two interventions by assigning eligible participants through a chance mechanism. What design describes this plan, and how should departures from assigned treatment or participant loss affect interpretation?",
    "rationale": "The target is random intervention assignment with outcome comparison and explicitly limited protection against confounding and other interpretation problems.",
    "qualification": "The family does not claim that randomization removes every source of bias."
  },
  {
    "id": "F066-boundary",
    "family": "F066",
    "target": 3475,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does assigning interventions by chance not guarantee an unbiased or broadly applicable conclusion when participants drop out, fail to follow assignments or are measured imperfectly within a limited study population?",
    "rationale": "The target is random intervention assignment with outcome comparison and explicitly limited protection against confounding and other interpretation problems.",
    "qualification": "The family does not claim that randomization removes every source of bias."
  },
  {
    "id": "F066-paraphrase",
    "family": "F066",
    "target": 3475,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What experimental design compares outcomes after using chance to assign eligible units to interventions, thereby limiting some confounding on average while leaving interpretation vulnerable to missing participants, nonadherence and measurement problems?",
    "rationale": "The target is random intervention assignment with outcome comparison and explicitly limited protection against confounding and other interpretation problems.",
    "qualification": "The family does not claim that randomization removes every source of bias."
  },
  {
    "id": "F067-application",
    "family": "F067",
    "target": 3553,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "An engineer compares two charge-storage arrangements with different shapes and materials. What quantity relates their separated charge to voltage and helps describe how the specified configurations store electricity?",
    "rationale": "The queries address the charge-potential relation, its configuration dependence and its storage-only interpretation.",
    "qualification": "Storage characterization does not imply a source of free energy."
  },
  {
    "id": "F067-boundary",
    "family": "F067",
    "target": 3553,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should a relation describing stored separated charge at a given potential difference be understood as a storage characteristic rather than evidence of a device generating energy freely?",
    "rationale": "The queries address the charge-potential relation, its configuration dependence and its storage-only interpretation.",
    "qualification": "Storage characterization does not imply a source of free energy."
  },
  {
    "id": "F067-paraphrase",
    "family": "F067",
    "target": 3553,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What electrical property relates separated stored charge to a potential difference for a given arrangement, and why do the arrangement's geometry and constituent materials affect that relation?",
    "rationale": "The queries address the charge-potential relation, its configuration dependence and its storage-only interpretation.",
    "qualification": "Storage characterization does not imply a source of free energy."
  },
  {
    "id": "F068-application",
    "family": "F068",
    "target": 3837,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A discussion treats someone's extra act of help as praiseworthy while denying that everyone must do the same. What category captures that judgment, provided the relevant moral account places the act beyond required duty?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies morally good conduct beyond duty and distinguishes it from both required and neutral actions.",
    "qualification": "Whether any concrete act belongs in this category depends on the normative account."
  },
  {
    "id": "F068-boundary",
    "family": "F068",
    "target": 3837,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish a morally good act that goes beyond duty from both an obligation and a merely neutral choice, while acknowledging that different normative accounts may locate the boundary differently?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies morally good conduct beyond duty and distinguishes it from both required and neutral actions.",
    "qualification": "Whether any concrete act belongs in this category depends on the normative account."
  },
  {
    "id": "F068-paraphrase",
    "family": "F068",
    "target": 3837,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What ethical category covers an action that is morally admirable yet exceeds what a person owes, so that choosing not to perform it can be permissible without making the action itself ethically neutral?",
    "rationale": "The target identifies morally good conduct beyond duty and distinguishes it from both required and neutral actions.",
    "qualification": "Whether any concrete act belongs in this category depends on the normative account."
  },
  {
    "id": "F069-application",
    "family": "F069",
    "target": 4072,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A community marks a transition through an established sequence of gestures. How can that practice structure shared significance when some participants interpret it differently or feel little emotion?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect recognized action patterns to communal significance without requiring uniform interpretation or emotion.",
    "qualification": "Shared practice does not imply shared internal experience."
  },
  {
    "id": "F069-boundary",
    "family": "F069",
    "target": 4072,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does participation in a formally marked communal sequence not require identical interpretations or a prescribed emotional response, even when the sequence helps organize relationships and shared significance?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect recognized action patterns to communal significance without requiring uniform interpretation or emotion.",
    "qualification": "Shared practice does not imply shared internal experience."
  },
  {
    "id": "F069-paraphrase",
    "family": "F069",
    "target": 4072,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What kind of formally recognized sequence of patterned actions helps a community organize transitions, relationships or shared meaning even when participants differ in their understandings and feelings?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect recognized action patterns to communal significance without requiring uniform interpretation or emotion.",
    "qualification": "Shared practice does not imply shared internal experience."
  },
  {
    "id": "F070-application",
    "family": "F070",
    "target": 3554,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A changing current in one circuit is associated with an induced electromotive force in another through magnetic flux linkage. What property should I examine, including the influence of the arrangement's geometry and material response?",
    "rationale": "The target relates changing current and induced electromotive force through magnetic flux linkage, distinguishing self and mutual coupling.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not assume a constant value independent of geometry or material response."
  },
  {
    "id": "F070-boundary",
    "family": "F070",
    "target": 3554,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need to distinguish magnetic coupling associated with a circuit's own changing current from coupling between separate current carrying arrangements. What concept includes both while requiring attention to geometry and material behavior?",
    "rationale": "The target relates changing current and induced electromotive force through magnetic flux linkage, distinguishing self and mutual coupling.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not assume a constant value independent of geometry or material response."
  },
  {
    "id": "F070-paraphrase",
    "family": "F070",
    "target": 3554,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What electrical relation connects a changing current to an induced electromotive force through linked magnetic flux, with different forms for coupling within one arrangement and between arrangements and dependence on geometry and materials?",
    "rationale": "The target relates changing current and induced electromotive force through magnetic flux linkage, distinguishing self and mutual coupling.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not assume a constant value independent of geometry or material response."
  },
  {
    "id": "F071-application",
    "family": "F071",
    "target": 3640,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A chemist studies how a reaction rate changes with temperature and interprets the result through a pathway barrier. What parameter is being examined, and why might the effective mechanism matter?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify temperature-dependent rate characterization and distinguish it from net reaction energy.",
    "qualification": "Barrier interpretation and the effective parameter can depend on mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F071-boundary",
    "family": "F071",
    "target": 3640,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should the energy parameter inferred from a reaction rate's temperature dependence be distinguished from the reaction's net energy change, especially when the effective mechanism may alter its interpretation?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify temperature-dependent rate characterization and distinguish it from net reaction energy.",
    "qualification": "Barrier interpretation and the effective parameter can depend on mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F071-paraphrase",
    "family": "F071",
    "target": 3640,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What energy parameter describes how a reaction's rate depends on temperature, often in terms of a pathway barrier, rather than measuring the total energy change from reactants to products?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify temperature-dependent rate characterization and distinguish it from net reaction energy.",
    "qualification": "Barrier interpretation and the effective parameter can depend on mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F072-application",
    "family": "F072",
    "target": 3516,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am checking a physical model where a quantity can enter or leave a chosen region. What principle calls for tracking boundary transfers rather than assuming the amount inside the region must always remain constant?",
    "rationale": "The target covers constancy in a closed domain or a balance including boundary fluxes under declared conditions.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a particular conserved quantity or symmetry."
  },
  {
    "id": "F072-boundary",
    "family": "F072",
    "target": 3516,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I state that a quantity is preserved without omitting the accounting boundary or the assumptions under which the statement holds, especially when transfers across that boundary require a balance equation?",
    "rationale": "The target covers constancy in a closed domain or a balance including boundary fluxes under declared conditions.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a particular conserved quantity or symmetry."
  },
  {
    "id": "F072-paraphrase",
    "family": "F072",
    "target": 3516,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What kind of physical statement says that a named quantity remains unchanged inside a closed accounting region or balances transfers through its boundary, with the applicable symmetries and approximations explicitly identified?",
    "rationale": "The target covers constancy in a closed domain or a balance including boundary fluxes under declared conditions.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a particular conserved quantity or symmetry."
  },
  {
    "id": "F073-application",
    "family": "F073",
    "target": 3240,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A student checks a formula against all assignments of truth values and finds it true in every case. What conclusion follows about its logical form rather than the factual content of one statement?",
    "rationale": "The queries use universal truth across assignments as the criterion, excluding confirmation by individual facts or examples.",
    "qualification": "One valuation is insufficient to establish the universal property."
  },
  {
    "id": "F073-boundary",
    "family": "F073",
    "target": 3240,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does finding one true component statement or one confirming example fail to show that an entire propositional formula is true for every possible assignment of its components?",
    "rationale": "The queries use universal truth across assignments as the criterion, excluding confirmation by individual facts or examples.",
    "qualification": "One valuation is insufficient to establish the universal property."
  },
  {
    "id": "F073-paraphrase",
    "family": "F073",
    "target": 3240,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What property belongs to a propositional formula that remains true under every possible assignment to its component statements, so that the result depends on form rather than particular facts?",
    "rationale": "The queries use universal truth across assignments as the criterion, excluding confirmation by individual facts or examples.",
    "qualification": "One valuation is insufficient to establish the universal property."
  },
  {
    "id": "F074-application",
    "family": "F074",
    "target": 3194,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am describing a spacecraft's radiation environment near Earth and need the regions where its magnetic field traps energetic charged particles. What feature should I identify while allowing its distributions and intensities to vary?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns Earth's magnetically trapped energetic particle populations and their variable distributions.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no locations, numerical intensities or spacecraft exposure calculation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F074-boundary",
    "family": "F074",
    "target": 3194,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe the trapped energetic particle regions near Earth as a particular component of space radiation, without equating them with the whole environment or assuming that their intensity is constant?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns Earth's magnetically trapped energetic particle populations and their variable distributions.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no locations, numerical intensities or spacecraft exposure calculation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F074-paraphrase",
    "family": "F074",
    "target": 3194,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which regions surrounding Earth contain energetic electrically charged particles held by the planet's magnetic field, with particle distributions and intensity changing rather than forming an entirely fixed radiation environment?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns Earth's magnetically trapped energetic particle populations and their variable distributions.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no locations, numerical intensities or spacecraft exposure calculation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F075-application",
    "family": "F075",
    "target": 3283,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A proof needs one representative from every set in an infinite collection, but supplies no explicit way to select them. What set-theoretic assertion would support the required function's existence?",
    "rationale": "The queries ask for selection-function existence over nonempty families, emphasizing the absence of an explicit infinite selection rule.",
    "qualification": "The supplied assertion concerns existence rather than an explicit construction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F075-boundary",
    "family": "F075",
    "target": 3283,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can the existence of a function selecting from each nonempty set be asserted without providing a constructive selection rule, particularly when the collection being considered is infinite?",
    "rationale": "The queries ask for selection-function existence over nonempty families, emphasizing the absence of an explicit infinite selection rule.",
    "qualification": "The supplied assertion concerns existence rather than an explicit construction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F075-paraphrase",
    "family": "F075",
    "target": 3283,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which set-theoretic assertion guarantees a function picking one member from each set in a family of nonempty sets, including infinite families for which no explicit picking rule is given?",
    "rationale": "The queries ask for selection-function existence over nonempty families, emphasizing the absence of an explicit infinite selection rule.",
    "qualification": "The supplied assertion concerns existence rather than an explicit construction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F076-application",
    "family": "F076",
    "target": 3833,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "In comparing two ethical cases, a discussion suggests that the same feature can have a different moral force because the surrounding circumstances differ. What view takes that contextual configuration seriously when judging each case?",
    "rationale": "The target prioritizes case specific configurations of features and permits their moral force to vary with context.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not say that moral judgment is arbitrary or lacks relevant reasons."
  },
  {
    "id": "F076-boundary",
    "family": "F076",
    "target": 3833,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "What ethical position allows a feature's relevance to change between contexts, instead of assuming it always counts in the same direction or that adequate judgment must be deduced from unchanging universal rules?",
    "rationale": "The target prioritizes case specific configurations of features and permits their moral force to vary with context.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not say that moral judgment is arbitrary or lacks relevant reasons."
  },
  {
    "id": "F076-paraphrase",
    "family": "F076",
    "target": 3833,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which ethical view makes sound judgment depend on how the relevant features fit together in the individual case, without requiring a fixed stock of universal principles to determine every conclusion?",
    "rationale": "The target prioritizes case specific configurations of features and permits their moral force to vary with context.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not say that moral judgment is arbitrary or lacks relevant reasons."
  },
  {
    "id": "F077-application",
    "family": "F077",
    "target": 3340,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I want to study continuity using a collection of open subsets satisfying the relevant axioms, but my set has no assigned distances. What structure supports this approach?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify open-set structure as sufficient for neighborhoods and continuity without requiring a metric.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not state that numerical distances are available."
  },
  {
    "id": "F077-boundary",
    "family": "F077",
    "target": 3340,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does having open sets and neighborhoods sufficient for discussing continuity not require a numerical distance function, and what additional assumption would be unwarranted from that information alone?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify open-set structure as sufficient for neighborhoods and continuity without requiring a metric.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not state that numerical distances are available."
  },
  {
    "id": "F077-paraphrase",
    "family": "F077",
    "target": 3340,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What mathematical structure equips a set with suitably axiomatized open subsets so that neighborhoods and continuity can be discussed even when no numerical measure of distance is supplied?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify open-set structure as sufficient for neighborhoods and continuity without requiring a metric.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not state that numerical distances are available."
  },
  {
    "id": "F078-application",
    "family": "F078",
    "target": 3587,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I have selected an ensemble and assigned statistical weights to its states. What object should I construct to normalize state probabilities and obtain thermodynamic information consistent with the exchanges and constraints that ensemble permits?",
    "rationale": "The target is the ensemble dependent state weight sum or integral used for probability normalization and thermodynamic information.",
    "qualification": "No particular ensemble or explicit formula is supplied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F078-boundary",
    "family": "F078",
    "target": 3587,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why must a sum over statistical state weights be tied to a chosen ensemble, rather than copied unchanged between descriptions with different permitted exchanges or constraints when normalizing probabilities and interpreting thermodynamic information?",
    "rationale": "The target is the ensemble dependent state weight sum or integral used for probability normalization and thermodynamic information.",
    "qualification": "No particular ensemble or explicit formula is supplied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F078-paraphrase",
    "family": "F078",
    "target": 3587,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What statistical mechanics quantity sums or integrates the weights assigned to possible states, thereby normalizing their probabilities and carrying thermodynamic information in a form determined by the selected ensemble's constraints and exchanges?",
    "rationale": "The target is the ensemble dependent state weight sum or integral used for probability normalization and thermodynamic information.",
    "qualification": "No particular ensemble or explicit formula is supplied."
  },
  {
    "id": "F079-application",
    "family": "F079",
    "target": 3588,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A student estimates average energy contributions for quadratic degrees of freedom in a classical system at equilibrium. What result supports the calculation, and what assumptions should be checked?",
    "rationale": "The queries retain the classical, equilibrium and quadratic assumptions and ask about their limits.",
    "qualification": "The result is not asserted for arbitrary modes or conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F079-boundary",
    "family": "F079",
    "target": 3588,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should an energy-sharing rule derived for quadratic degrees of freedom in classical equilibrium not be applied automatically to every mode in a quantum or nonequilibrium system?",
    "rationale": "The queries retain the classical, equilibrium and quadratic assumptions and ask about their limits.",
    "qualification": "The result is not asserted for arbitrary modes or conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F079-paraphrase",
    "family": "F079",
    "target": 3588,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which classical equilibrium result assigns an average energy contribution to each degree of freedom entering quadratically, and why is its scope limited when quantum behavior or nonequilibrium conditions matter?",
    "rationale": "The queries retain the classical, equilibrium and quadratic assumptions and ask about their limits.",
    "qualification": "The result is not asserted for arbitrary modes or conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F080-application",
    "family": "F080",
    "target": 3160,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A program offers tests to people without recognized symptoms to identify who should receive further evaluation. What concept describes the program and requires examining harms as well as the possibility of detecting a condition earlier?",
    "rationale": "The target is testing asymptomatic people for further assessment, with benefits distinguished from earlier detection alone.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not recommend a specific test or individual medical action."
  },
  {
    "id": "F080-boundary",
    "family": "F080",
    "target": 3160,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I evaluate testing offered before recognized signs or symptoms appear without assuming that earlier discovery always helps, especially when false results, overdiagnosis and subsequent procedures may cause harm?",
    "rationale": "The target is testing asymptomatic people for further assessment, with benefits distinguished from earlier detection alone.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not recommend a specific test or individual medical action."
  },
  {
    "id": "F080-paraphrase",
    "family": "F080",
    "target": 3160,
    "band": 4,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What preventive testing practice examines people who have no recognized indication of a target condition to find those needing further assessment, while considering incorrect results, overdiagnosis and harms from what happens afterward?",
    "rationale": "The target is testing asymptomatic people for further assessment, with benefits distinguished from earlier detection alone.",
    "qualification": "The queries do not recommend a specific test or individual medical action."
  },
  {
    "id": "F081-application",
    "family": "F081",
    "target": 4263,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A discussion group wants to examine arguments about divinity without first accepting a revealed text as authoritative. What approach permits that inquiry without automatically rejecting the possibility of divine intervention?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on reasoned theological inquiry and preserve its independence from a necessary revelatory authority.",
    "qualification": "Neither empirical exclusivity nor denial of divine intervention follows by definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F081-boundary",
    "family": "F081",
    "target": 4263,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does pursuing reasoned inquiry about the divine independently of a required revelatory starting point neither limit the inquiry to observation nor by itself exclude divine intervention?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on reasoned theological inquiry and preserve its independence from a necessary revelatory authority.",
    "qualification": "Neither empirical exclusivity nor denial of divine intervention follows by definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F081-paraphrase",
    "family": "F081",
    "target": 4263,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What form of inquiry develops reasoned arguments about the divine without requiring special revelation as its starting authority, while allowing sources of reasoning beyond empirical observation alone?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on reasoned theological inquiry and preserve its independence from a necessary revelatory authority.",
    "qualification": "Neither empirical exclusivity nor denial of divine intervention follows by definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F082-application",
    "family": "F082",
    "target": 4539,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am modeling repeated choices where each action earns a reward and changes the system's state probabilistically. What framework applies if the modeled current state and chosen action contain everything needed for the transition law?",
    "rationale": "The target combines states, actions, rewards and probabilistic transitions with the stated conditional independence from earlier history.",
    "qualification": "The history restriction concerns the modeled state and action, not an unexamined real system."
  },
  {
    "id": "F082-boundary",
    "family": "F082",
    "target": 4539,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I specify the history assumption in a model of sequential decisions so that, once the present state and action are given, earlier events do not independently alter the probability of the next state?",
    "rationale": "The target combines states, actions, rewards and probabilistic transitions with the stated conditional independence from earlier history.",
    "qualification": "The history restriction concerns the modeled state and action, not an unexamined real system."
  },
  {
    "id": "F082-paraphrase",
    "family": "F082",
    "target": 4539,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What sequential choice model represents current states, available actions, uncertain transitions and rewards, with the next state distribution determined by the modeled present state and action rather than additional earlier history?",
    "rationale": "The target combines states, actions, rewards and probabilistic transitions with the stated conditional independence from earlier history.",
    "qualification": "The history restriction concerns the modeled state and action, not an unexamined real system."
  },
  {
    "id": "F083-application",
    "family": "F083",
    "target": 4855,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Two allocated objects refer to one another after all external access is removed. Why could a memory manager based solely on live-reference totals leave both objects allocated?",
    "rationale": "The needs describe live-reference tallies, release at zero and the inability of pure counting to collect unreachable cycles.",
    "qualification": "The cycle limitation applies to pure counting without an additional reclamation mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F083-boundary",
    "family": "F083",
    "target": 4855,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why is releasing resources when their incoming-reference tally reaches zero insufficient to reclaim every unreachable object, particularly when a closed cycle keeps the members' individual tallies positive?",
    "rationale": "The needs describe live-reference tallies, release at zero and the inability of pure counting to collect unreachable cycles.",
    "qualification": "The cycle limitation applies to pure counting without an additional reclamation mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F083-paraphrase",
    "family": "F083",
    "target": 4855,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What resource-management technique maintains a tally of live pointers and commonly releases a resource when none remain, yet cannot by itself recover unreachable objects that still point to each other?",
    "rationale": "The needs describe live-reference tallies, release at zero and the inability of pure counting to collect unreachable cycles.",
    "qualification": "The cycle limitation applies to pure counting without an additional reclamation mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F084-application",
    "family": "F084",
    "target": 4455,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I want to study polynomial roots by examining symmetries of a field extension and the structure of the corresponding group. What theory provides this connection, and what must be checked before using its correspondence theorems?",
    "rationale": "The target connects field extension symmetries and group structure to polynomial root questions under specified theorem hypotheses.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not name the required hypotheses for a particular correspondence theorem."
  },
  {
    "id": "F084-boundary",
    "family": "F084",
    "target": 4455,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I use the connection between field extensions and symmetry groups without assuming that every inclusion of fields satisfies the same correspondence theorem, regardless of the hypotheses imposed on the extension?",
    "rationale": "The target connects field extension symmetries and group structure to polynomial root questions under specified theorem hypotheses.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not name the required hypotheses for a particular correspondence theorem."
  },
  {
    "id": "F084-paraphrase",
    "family": "F084",
    "target": 4455,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which mathematical subject studies extensions of fields through their symmetries and associated groups, using that group structure to investigate polynomial roots while requiring stated hypotheses for its correspondence results?",
    "rationale": "The target connects field extension symmetries and group structure to polynomial root questions under specified theorem hypotheses.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not name the required hypotheses for a particular correspondence theorem."
  },
  {
    "id": "F085-application",
    "family": "F085",
    "target": 5024,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A novel presents a gathering in which participants tell several substantial stories. How can the gathering's circumstances organize the work and shape the reasons and manner of those tellings?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify substantial inner stories organized by an outer narrative and distinguish their narrators.",
    "qualification": "The organizing role does not collapse the levels or identities of narration."
  },
  {
    "id": "F085-boundary",
    "family": "F085",
    "target": 5024,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should an enclosing story that organizes inner tales not be taken to make all their narrators identical, even when the outer situation influences how the tales are presented?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify substantial inner stories organized by an outer narrative and distinguish their narrators.",
    "qualification": "The organizing role does not collapse the levels or identities of narration."
  },
  {
    "id": "F085-paraphrase",
    "family": "F085",
    "target": 5024,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What literary arrangement uses an outer story to introduce and organize substantial inner stories, with the surrounding situation influencing their telling while allowing different people to narrate them?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify substantial inner stories organized by an outer narrative and distinguish their narrators.",
    "qualification": "The organizing role does not collapse the levels or identities of narration."
  },
  {
    "id": "F086-application",
    "family": "F086",
    "target": 4713,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "My convex objective has a point where a conventional gradient does not exist, but I want to continue an iterative search using a subgradient. What method fits, and what role does the step size rule play?",
    "rationale": "The target is iterative convex optimization with subgradients and explicitly conditional convergence.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies neither a particular step size schedule nor a convergence rate."
  },
  {
    "id": "F086-boundary",
    "family": "F086",
    "target": 4713,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why is the availability of a subgradient insufficient by itself to guarantee convergence of a convex minimization procedure, when both assumptions about the problem and the sequence of step sizes govern its behavior?",
    "rationale": "The target is iterative convex optimization with subgradients and explicitly conditional convergence.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies neither a particular step size schedule nor a convergence rate."
  },
  {
    "id": "F086-paraphrase",
    "family": "F086",
    "target": 4713,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which iterative approach minimizes a convex objective by using a generalized derivative when an ordinary gradient is unavailable, with convergence depending on the problem's conditions and the rule used to choose step lengths?",
    "rationale": "The target is iterative convex optimization with subgradients and explicitly conditional convergence.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies neither a particular step size schedule nor a convergence rate."
  },
  {
    "id": "F087-application",
    "family": "F087",
    "target": 5117,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A monetary authority changes interest rates and communicates its intended objectives to influence financial conditions. What framework describes these actions while recognizing variation in tools and uncertainty in their effects?",
    "rationale": "The queries join authority, instruments and objectives while retaining variation in mandates and uncertain transmission.",
    "qualification": "No specific mandate, instrument effect or outcome is guaranteed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F087-boundary",
    "family": "F087",
    "target": 5117,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should actions by a monetary authority be assessed in relation to its particular mandate and available instruments rather than assuming identical tools or certain transmission effects across all authorities?",
    "rationale": "The queries join authority, instruments and objectives while retaining variation in mandates and uncertain transmission.",
    "qualification": "No specific mandate, instrument effect or outcome is guaranteed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F087-paraphrase",
    "family": "F087",
    "target": 5117,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What category of actions involves a monetary authority using rates, asset transactions or communication to influence financial conditions in pursuit of objectives, with results depending on uncertain channels of transmission?",
    "rationale": "The queries join authority, instruments and objectives while retaining variation in mandates and uncertain transmission.",
    "qualification": "No specific mandate, instrument effect or outcome is guaranteed."
  },
  {
    "id": "F088-application",
    "family": "F088",
    "target": 4803,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I need a randomized procedure whose returned solution is always correct, although different runs may take different amounts of time or report failure. What category captures that requirement and its usual expectation about runtime?",
    "rationale": "The target combines guaranteed correctness of returned solutions with randomness in runtime or declared failure behavior.",
    "qualification": "The family does not replace the finite expectation condition with a fixed runtime bound."
  },
  {
    "id": "F088-boundary",
    "family": "F088",
    "target": 4803,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish a correctness guarantee for every returned solution from a guarantee of identical running time on every run, while also retaining the usual requirement that expected runtime be finite?",
    "rationale": "The target combines guaranteed correctness of returned solutions with randomness in runtime or declared failure behavior.",
    "qualification": "The family does not replace the finite expectation condition with a fixed runtime bound."
  },
  {
    "id": "F088-paraphrase",
    "family": "F088",
    "target": 4803,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What type of procedure uses randomness while never returning a wrong solution, allowing the time taken or an announced failure to vary, with the usual termination formulation requiring a finite expected running time?",
    "rationale": "The target combines guaranteed correctness of returned solutions with randomness in runtime or declared failure behavior.",
    "qualification": "The family does not replace the finite expectation condition with a fixed runtime bound."
  },
  {
    "id": "F089-application",
    "family": "F089",
    "target": 4458,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I have an additive abelian group and want scalars to come from a ring rather than a field. What structure captures the required distributive and multiplicative compatibility rules?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify ring scalar action on an additive abelian group and limit transfer of vector-space properties.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify which additional vector-space properties hold in a particular case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F089-boundary",
    "family": "F089",
    "target": 4458,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does replacing field-valued scalars with elements of a general ring prevent me from automatically carrying over familiar vector-space properties, even when addition and scalar multiplication remain compatible?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify ring scalar action on an additive abelian group and limit transfer of vector-space properties.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify which additional vector-space properties hold in a particular case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F089-paraphrase",
    "family": "F089",
    "target": 4458,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What algebraic structure combines a commutative additive group with multiplication by scalars from a specified ring, requiring distributive laws and compatibility with multiplication of those ring elements?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify ring scalar action on an additive abelian group and limit transfer of vector-space properties.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify which additional vector-space properties hold in a particular case."
  },
  {
    "id": "F090-application",
    "family": "F090",
    "target": 5107,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am trying to reconcile an economy's production, income and expenditure figures alongside its asset and liability records. What framework organizes these measures coherently while allowing for revisions and explicitly defined measurement boundaries?",
    "rationale": "The target coordinates economy wide production, income, expenditure and balance positions while separating accounting consistency from measurement quality.",
    "qualification": "No specific reporting standard, country or published estimate is asserted."
  },
  {
    "id": "F090-boundary",
    "family": "F090",
    "target": 5107,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does consistency among an economy's accounting identities not establish that every recorded figure is complete or precise, when the framework's measurement boundaries, later revisions and source data quality still affect interpretation?",
    "rationale": "The target coordinates economy wide production, income, expenditure and balance positions while separating accounting consistency from measurement quality.",
    "qualification": "No specific reporting standard, country or published estimate is asserted."
  },
  {
    "id": "F090-paraphrase",
    "family": "F090",
    "target": 5107,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What coordinated economic recording framework connects production, earnings and spending with asset and liability positions, using accounting equalities to keep records consistent while acknowledging measurement limits, revisions and differences in data quality?",
    "rationale": "The target coordinates economy wide production, income, expenditure and balance positions while separating accounting consistency from measurement quality.",
    "qualification": "No specific reporting standard, country or published estimate is asserted."
  },
  {
    "id": "F091-application",
    "family": "F091",
    "target": 4527,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "An analyst monitors a sequence and ends observation when a condition becomes detectable from data already seen. What property must the decision rule satisfy without consulting later observations?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on deciding occurrence from available information and preserve the possibility of an infinite time.",
    "qualification": "Admissibility does not require that termination occur in finite time."
  },
  {
    "id": "F091-boundary",
    "family": "F091",
    "target": 4527,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why is a rule that needs future observations to determine whether observation should already have ended excluded from a present-information decision criterion, even though an admissible decision time may be infinite?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on deciding occurrence from available information and preserve the possibility of an infinite time.",
    "qualification": "Admissibility does not require that termination occur in finite time."
  },
  {
    "id": "F091-paraphrase",
    "family": "F091",
    "target": 4527,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What kind of random decision time allows someone to determine whether the event has already occurred using only observations available by the present moment, even if it may never occur?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on deciding occurrence from available information and preserve the possibility of an infinite time.",
    "qualification": "Admissibility does not require that termination occur in finite time."
  },
  {
    "id": "F092-application",
    "family": "F092",
    "target": 5082,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "In a demand exercise, a household's income increases and its desired quantity of an item rises while other relevant conditions are fixed. What income response category describes the item for that household and range?",
    "rationale": "The target is the positive income response classification of demand under otherwise unchanged conditions.",
    "qualification": "The classification is consumer and income range dependent rather than an intrinsic quality judgment."
  },
  {
    "id": "F092-boundary",
    "family": "F092",
    "target": 5082,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I classify an item by rising demand as income increases without implying that the item is high quality, socially appropriate or classified identically for every consumer at every income level?",
    "rationale": "The target is the positive income response classification of demand under otherwise unchanged conditions.",
    "qualification": "The classification is consumer and income range dependent rather than an intrinsic quality judgment."
  },
  {
    "id": "F092-paraphrase",
    "family": "F092",
    "target": 5082,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What economic classification applies when a consumer wants more of an item as income rises with other relevant conditions unchanged, even though that response may differ between consumers or across different income ranges?",
    "rationale": "The target is the positive income response classification of demand under otherwise unchanged conditions.",
    "qualification": "The classification is consumer and income range dependent rather than an intrinsic quality judgment."
  },
  {
    "id": "F093-application",
    "family": "F093",
    "target": 4460,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I want to catalog rearrangements of a group's elements that preserve its operation and remain within that group. What transformations should I seek, and how are successive transformations combined?",
    "rationale": "The queries concern operation-preserving bijections of a group to itself and their combination by composition.",
    "qualification": "A bijective rearrangement alone does not ensure operation preservation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F093-boundary",
    "family": "F093",
    "target": 4460,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why is an arbitrary rearrangement of a group's elements insufficient to count as an internal algebraic symmetry unless it is bijective and also preserves the group's operation?",
    "rationale": "The queries concern operation-preserving bijections of a group to itself and their combination by composition.",
    "qualification": "A bijective rearrangement alone does not ensure operation preservation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F093-paraphrase",
    "family": "F093",
    "target": 4460,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What transformation bijectively rearranges a group's elements while respecting its operation, expressing a symmetry internal to the same algebraic structure rather than mapping it into a different one?",
    "rationale": "The queries concern operation-preserving bijections of a group to itself and their combination by composition.",
    "qualification": "A bijective rearrangement alone does not ensure operation preservation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F094-application",
    "family": "F094",
    "target": 4555,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I have a fixed amount of computation for a simulation estimate and want less sampling variability. What approach considers shared random numbers, antithetic draws or suitable reweighting when designing the estimator?",
    "rationale": "The target reduces simulation estimator sampling variance relative to computational effort using specified design techniques.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not guarantee that every listed technique helps every estimator."
  },
  {
    "id": "F094-boundary",
    "family": "F094",
    "target": 4555,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need to compare simulation estimator designs by how much sampling variability they achieve for the same computational effort. What concept focuses on that efficiency criterion and includes shared randomness or antithetic sampling?",
    "rationale": "The target reduces simulation estimator sampling variance relative to computational effort using specified design techniques.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not guarantee that every listed technique helps every estimator."
  },
  {
    "id": "F094-paraphrase",
    "family": "F094",
    "target": 4555,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What family of simulation techniques redesigns an estimator so that repeated estimates fluctuate less for a given computing budget, using approaches such as correlated randomness, paired opposite samples or appropriate changes of weights?",
    "rationale": "The target reduces simulation estimator sampling variance relative to computational effort using specified design techniques.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not guarantee that every listed technique helps every estimator."
  },
  {
    "id": "F095-application",
    "family": "F095",
    "target": 5150,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "In analyzing a transcript, I find short phrases that announce reformulations and soften a speaker's commitment. What category captures their role in structuring interaction as well as the spoken message?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on expressions that organize interaction and stance beyond sentence-level truth conditions.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not require that such expressions never affect factual interpretation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F095-boundary",
    "family": "F095",
    "target": 5150,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should an expression that manages transitions or signals a speaker's stance not be analyzed solely by its effect on a sentence's truth conditions, when its contribution may be interactional?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on expressions that organize interaction and stance beyond sentence-level truth conditions.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not require that such expressions never affect factual interpretation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F095-paraphrase",
    "family": "F095",
    "target": 5150,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What kind of expression organizes a conversation or signals how a speaker relates to an utterance, for example by introducing a transition, qualification or reformulation rather than only changing factual content?",
    "rationale": "The queries focus on expressions that organize interaction and stance beyond sentence-level truth conditions.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not require that such expressions never affect factual interpretation."
  },
  {
    "id": "F096-application",
    "family": "F096",
    "target": 4262,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am comparing two accounts of religious belief, one giving faith independence from reason and another granting faith priority while retaining some role for reasoning. What family of positions lets me discuss both?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns faith's independence or priority relative to reason and recognizes stronger and weaker versions.",
    "qualification": "Religious belief alone does not establish commitment to this family of positions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F096-boundary",
    "family": "F096",
    "target": 4262,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish a view that gives faith priority or independence in religious knowledge from the mere fact that someone holds a religious belief, without assuming that either necessarily rejects every value of reasoning?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns faith's independence or priority relative to reason and recognizes stronger and weaker versions.",
    "qualification": "Religious belief alone does not establish commitment to this family of positions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F096-paraphrase",
    "family": "F096",
    "target": 4262,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What family of religious epistemic positions gives faith independence from rational inquiry or priority over it in reaching religious truth, with versions differing in how much room they leave for reason?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns faith's independence or priority relative to reason and recognizes stronger and weaker versions.",
    "qualification": "Religious belief alone does not establish commitment to this family of positions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F097-application",
    "family": "F097",
    "target": 4537,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A modeler wants future-state probabilities to depend only on the currently recorded state. What condition must be checked, and why might changing which information the state contains matter?",
    "rationale": "The queries target conditional independence from the past given the present and make state representation explicit.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not claim unconditional independence between past and future."
  },
  {
    "id": "F097-boundary",
    "family": "F097",
    "target": 4537,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why can a process fail to have a present-only conditional description under one state representation yet satisfy it under another, rather than the property being independent of representation?",
    "rationale": "The queries target conditional independence from the past given the present and make state representation explicit.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not claim unconditional independence between past and future."
  },
  {
    "id": "F097-paraphrase",
    "family": "F097",
    "target": 4537,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What property holds when knowledge of the present state makes earlier observations irrelevant to the conditional distribution of future states, with the answer depending on how the state is defined?",
    "rationale": "The queries target conditional independence from the past given the present and make state representation explicit.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not claim unconditional independence between past and future."
  },
  {
    "id": "F098-application",
    "family": "F098",
    "target": 5001,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Two groups cannot complete a common project using either group's resources alone and must contribute together. What concept explains the project's cooperative potential even if they still disagree about who pays or makes decisions?",
    "rationale": "The target describes a goal requiring combined group contributions and permits continuing disagreement during cooperation.",
    "qualification": "Cooperation is a possible effect rather than a guaranteed resolution of conflict."
  },
  {
    "id": "F098-boundary",
    "family": "F098",
    "target": 5001,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe a shared objective that depends on several groups' combined efforts without claiming that working toward it eliminates their separate interests or settles conflicts about costs, authority and the objective's value?",
    "rationale": "The target describes a goal requiring combined group contributions and permits continuing disagreement during cooperation.",
    "qualification": "Cooperation is a possible effect rather than a guaranteed resolution of conflict."
  },
  {
    "id": "F098-paraphrase",
    "family": "F098",
    "target": 5001,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What kind of shared objective requires groups with otherwise separate interests to combine their work or resources, potentially encouraging cooperation while leaving disputes about authority, costs or the objective itself unresolved?",
    "rationale": "The target describes a goal requiring combined group contributions and permits continuing disagreement during cooperation.",
    "qualification": "Cooperation is a possible effect rather than a guaranteed resolution of conflict."
  },
  {
    "id": "F099-application",
    "family": "F099",
    "target": 4930,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "Two people respond differently to the same demanding condition because their exposure and available resources differ. What concept describes the eliciting condition while allowing for these differences in response?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe context-sensitive elicitation of stress without using variability to dismiss objective harm.",
    "qualification": "Individual variability does not negate harmful conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F099-boundary",
    "family": "F099",
    "target": 4930,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does recognizing that responses to stressful conditions vary with interpretation and resources not justify treating objectively harmful conditions as harmless for the people exposed to them?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe context-sensitive elicitation of stress without using variability to dismiss objective harm.",
    "qualification": "Individual variability does not negate harmful conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F099-paraphrase",
    "family": "F099",
    "target": 4930,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What term describes an event or condition that evokes a stress response in a person, with the effect shaped by the person's context, exposure, interpretation and available resources?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe context-sensitive elicitation of stress without using variability to dismiss objective harm.",
    "qualification": "Individual variability does not negate harmful conditions."
  },
  {
    "id": "F100-application",
    "family": "F100",
    "target": 4748,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I have represented a network using an adjacency matrix and want to study its graph properties through that matrix's eigenvalues and eigenvectors. What analytical approach describes this route from a matrix back to the graph?",
    "rationale": "The target studies graph properties through algebraic spectral information in associated matrices.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no particular graph property, theorem or equivalence between matrix choices."
  },
  {
    "id": "F100-boundary",
    "family": "F100",
    "target": 4748,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I am seeking an analysis of graph properties specifically through eigenvalues or characteristic polynomials of associated matrices. What approach includes both adjacency and Laplacian representations rather than restricting the description to one matrix?",
    "rationale": "The target studies graph properties through algebraic spectral information in associated matrices.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no particular graph property, theorem or equivalence between matrix choices."
  },
  {
    "id": "F100-paraphrase",
    "family": "F100",
    "target": 4748,
    "band": 5,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What mathematical approach investigates a network by examining eigenvalues, eigenvectors and characteristic polynomials of matrices associated with its graph, including representations based on adjacency or on the graph's Laplacian?",
    "rationale": "The target studies graph properties through algebraic spectral information in associated matrices.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no particular graph property, theorem or equivalence between matrix choices."
  },
  {
    "id": "F101-application",
    "family": "F101",
    "target": 5815,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A plant biologist follows dissolved sugars from tissues releasing them to tissues storing them. Which living vascular tissue performs this transfer, and how are the two tissue roles distinguished?",
    "rationale": "The questions identify living vascular transport of soluble organics between source and sink roles.",
    "qualification": "Sources need not be producing, and sinks need not be consuming immediately."
  },
  {
    "id": "F101-boundary",
    "family": "F101",
    "target": 5815,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How should the endpoints of sugar transport in living plant vascular tissue be described so that a source may release stored compounds and a sink may store rather than immediately consume them?",
    "rationale": "The questions identify living vascular transport of soluble organics between source and sink roles.",
    "qualification": "Sources need not be producing, and sinks need not be consuming immediately."
  },
  {
    "id": "F101-paraphrase",
    "family": "F101",
    "target": 5815,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which living transport tissue in vascular plants moves dissolved organic substances, particularly sugars, between regions that produce or release them and regions that consume or store them?",
    "rationale": "The questions identify living vascular transport of soluble organics between source and sink roles.",
    "qualification": "Sources need not be producing, and sinks need not be consuming immediately."
  },
  {
    "id": "F102-application",
    "family": "F102",
    "target": 5450,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am studying a DNA region whose bound proteins can increase transcription of a gene through contact with its promoter, despite considerable sequence distance between them. What regulatory element fits this description?",
    "rationale": "The target is a cis regulatory DNA region whose bound proteins can promote transcription, including through distant promoter interactions.",
    "qualification": "The definition permits distant interaction without claiming that every such region acts at a distance."
  },
  {
    "id": "F102-boundary",
    "family": "F102",
    "target": 5450,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I identify a regulatory DNA element that increases a target gene's transcription without assuming its promoter must be nearby along the sequence, while still treating the element as a region of DNA?",
    "rationale": "The target is a cis regulatory DNA region whose bound proteins can promote transcription, including through distant promoter interactions.",
    "qualification": "The definition permits distant interaction without claiming that every such region acts at a distance."
  },
  {
    "id": "F102-paraphrase",
    "family": "F102",
    "target": 5450,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What kind of regulatory DNA region can bind proteins that raise a target gene's transcription, including by interacting with a promoter located far away along the sequence rather than necessarily beside the region?",
    "rationale": "The target is a cis regulatory DNA region whose bound proteins can promote transcription, including through distant promoter interactions.",
    "qualification": "The definition permits distant interaction without claiming that every such region acts at a distance."
  },
  {
    "id": "F103-application",
    "family": "F103",
    "target": 5775,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A field team compares environmental measurements and community composition near habitat margins with those farther inside. What phenomenon should they consider when comparing fragments with different shapes and surrounding habitats?",
    "rationale": "The queries compare boundaries with interiors and retain the influence of boundary contrast and fragment geometry.",
    "qualification": "No universal direction or magnitude of change is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F103-boundary",
    "family": "F103",
    "target": 5775,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should changes near a habitat boundary not be assumed identical across fragments when the contrast with surrounding habitat and the geometry of each fragment can influence those changes?",
    "rationale": "The queries compare boundaries with interiors and retain the influence of boundary contrast and fragment geometry.",
    "qualification": "No universal direction or magnitude of change is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F103-paraphrase",
    "family": "F103",
    "target": 5775,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What ecological phenomenon describes differences in physical conditions and community membership near the border of a habitat compared with its interior, shaped by contrast across the border and fragment geometry?",
    "rationale": "The queries compare boundaries with interiors and retain the influence of boundary contrast and fragment geometry.",
    "qualification": "No universal direction or magnitude of change is specified."
  },
  {
    "id": "F104-application",
    "family": "F104",
    "target": 5849,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A pest population becomes less susceptible to a chemical control across successive generations, and the reduced susceptibility is inherited. What process should be considered when an earlier effective treatment no longer provides the same control?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns heritable population susceptibility changes selected across generations that can undermine pest control.",
    "qualification": "A treatment failure alone does not supply the heredity and selection evidence in the definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F104-boundary",
    "family": "F104",
    "target": 5849,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "I need to distinguish inherited loss of susceptibility selected over generations from simply observing that one treatment failed. What concept specifically requires a heritable change in the pest population rather than that isolated observation?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns heritable population susceptibility changes selected across generations that can undermine pest control.",
    "qualification": "A treatment failure alone does not supply the heredity and selection evidence in the definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F104-paraphrase",
    "family": "F104",
    "target": 5849,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What population change occurs when inherited reductions in susceptibility to a pest control chemical are selected over generations, potentially causing a treatment that once worked well to lose its effectiveness?",
    "rationale": "The target concerns heritable population susceptibility changes selected across generations that can undermine pest control.",
    "qualification": "A treatment failure alone does not supply the heredity and selection evidence in the definition."
  },
  {
    "id": "F105-application",
    "family": "F105",
    "target": 5675,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A physiology lesson needs to explain how organ activity and glandular function are coordinated without a person deliberately directing each response. What neural organization integrates the relevant reflexes and divisions?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe largely involuntary organ, muscle and gland regulation through integrated reflexes and interacting divisions.",
    "qualification": "The supplied description says largely, rather than entirely, outside conscious direction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F105-boundary",
    "family": "F105",
    "target": 5675,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe neural control of internal organs as largely outside conscious direction without claiming complete independence from all conscious influence or treating its interacting divisions as isolated systems?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe largely involuntary organ, muscle and gland regulation through integrated reflexes and interacting divisions.",
    "qualification": "The supplied description says largely, rather than entirely, outside conscious direction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F105-paraphrase",
    "family": "F105",
    "target": 5675,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which branch of neural regulation coordinates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands mainly without conscious direction, using integrated reflexes and divisions that interact with one another?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe largely involuntary organ, muscle and gland regulation through integrated reflexes and interacting divisions.",
    "qualification": "The supplied description says largely, rather than entirely, outside conscious direction."
  },
  {
    "id": "F106-application",
    "family": "F106",
    "target": 6248,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "For an initial spacecraft trajectory model, I want to divide the path into sections dominated by different bodies and treat each section as a two body problem. What approximation supports that construction?",
    "rationale": "The target substitutes successive dominant body two body segments for a multibody trajectory and treats their boundaries as modeling choices.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify a boundary rule or quantify approximation error."
  },
  {
    "id": "F106-boundary",
    "family": "F106",
    "target": 6248,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I explain the joins between successive two body trajectory segments without suggesting that gravitational forces physically jump there, when those boundaries were introduced to simplify a problem involving several gravitating bodies?",
    "rationale": "The target substitutes successive dominant body two body segments for a multibody trajectory and treats their boundaries as modeling choices.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify a boundary rule or quantify approximation error."
  },
  {
    "id": "F106-paraphrase",
    "family": "F106",
    "target": 6248,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "development",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What trajectory simplification represents motion influenced by several gravitating bodies as consecutive two body arcs, each governed by a different dominant body, with transitions chosen for modeling rather than representing abrupt physical changes in gravity?",
    "rationale": "The target substitutes successive dominant body two body segments for a multibody trajectory and treats their boundaries as modeling choices.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify a boundary rule or quantify approximation error."
  },
  {
    "id": "F107-application",
    "family": "F107",
    "target": 5659,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "In a membrane experiment, binding of a chemical messenger regulates a channel's conductance and changes ionic current. What channel class connects that recognition event to ion movement?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect chemical binding to regulation of channel opening or conductance and therefore ionic current.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify the messenger, ion type or detailed gating mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F107-boundary",
    "family": "F107",
    "target": 5659,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should describing a channel regulated by chemical binding allow for changes in conductance as well as opening, rather than treating the defining regulation solely as an all-or-nothing opening event?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect chemical binding to regulation of channel opening or conductance and therefore ionic current.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify the messenger, ion type or detailed gating mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F107-paraphrase",
    "family": "F107",
    "target": 5659,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What type of membrane channel links recognition of a bound chemical messenger to ionic current by changing whether the channel opens or how readily ions pass through it?",
    "rationale": "The queries connect chemical binding to regulation of channel opening or conductance and therefore ionic current.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not specify the messenger, ion type or detailed gating mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F108-application",
    "family": "F108",
    "target": 5679,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am describing communication in which a cell produces a small signaling protein and a responsive cell detects it through a receptor. What category fits a signal that helps coordinate immune activation or regulation?",
    "rationale": "The target is a small cellular signaling protein acting through receptors, with immune and other sources and activating or regulatory roles.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a particular protein, receptor or signaling pathway."
  },
  {
    "id": "F108-boundary",
    "family": "F108",
    "target": 5679,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe the small receptor acting protein signals involved in immune coordination without claiming that only immune cells produce them or that their functions are confined to activating responses?",
    "rationale": "The target is a small cellular signaling protein acting through receptors, with immune and other sources and activating or regulatory roles.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a particular protein, receptor or signaling pathway."
  },
  {
    "id": "F108-paraphrase",
    "family": "F108",
    "target": 5679,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What class of small proteins carries signals from immune or other cells to responsive cells through receptors, helping coordinate activities that include both activation of immune responses and their regulation?",
    "rationale": "The target is a small cellular signaling protein acting through receptors, with immune and other sources and activating or regulatory roles.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not identify a particular protein, receptor or signaling pathway."
  },
  {
    "id": "F109-application",
    "family": "F109",
    "target": 5445,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A genetics lesson asks how a linear chromosome's natural endpoint can be maintained without being mistaken for damaged DNA that needs repair. What DNA-and-protein structure explains that distinction?",
    "rationale": "The queries specify the terminal DNA-protein region and its roles in end preservation and discrimination from breaks.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies neither a detailed repair pathway nor broader claims about aging."
  },
  {
    "id": "F109-boundary",
    "family": "F109",
    "target": 5445,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should a normal linear chromosome endpoint be distinguished from a DNA break requiring repair, and what specialized end region helps maintain that distinction while preserving the chromosome end?",
    "rationale": "The queries specify the terminal DNA-protein region and its roles in end preservation and discrimination from breaks.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies neither a detailed repair pathway nor broader claims about aging."
  },
  {
    "id": "F109-paraphrase",
    "family": "F109",
    "target": 5445,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What specialized region made of DNA and proteins sits at the end of a linear chromosome, helping preserve that end and identify it as different from a break needing repair?",
    "rationale": "The queries specify the terminal DNA-protein region and its roles in end preservation and discrimination from breaks.",
    "qualification": "The definition supplies neither a detailed repair pathway nor broader claims about aging."
  },
  {
    "id": "F110-application",
    "family": "F110",
    "target": 5684,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am tracing how a cell processes antigen material and displays peptide fragments bound to MHC at its surface for T cell recognition. What process encompasses those preparation and display steps?",
    "rationale": "The target covers preparation and display for immune recognition, with peptide MHC display specified for classical T cell recognition.",
    "qualification": "The family does not generalize the classical case to every immune recognition pathway."
  },
  {
    "id": "F110-boundary",
    "family": "F110",
    "target": 5684,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe the general processing and display of material for immune recognition while marking surface peptide binding to MHC as the classical T cell case rather than equating every instance with that example?",
    "rationale": "The target covers preparation and display for immune recognition, with peptide MHC display specified for classical T cell recognition.",
    "qualification": "The family does not generalize the classical case to every immune recognition pathway."
  },
  {
    "id": "F110-paraphrase",
    "family": "F110",
    "target": 5684,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What immune process prepares and displays material for recognition, including the classical case in which peptide pieces are attached to MHC molecules on the outside of a cell for recognition by T cells?",
    "rationale": "The target covers preparation and display for immune recognition, with peptide MHC display specified for classical T cell recognition.",
    "qualification": "The family does not generalize the classical case to every immune recognition pathway."
  },
  {
    "id": "F111-application",
    "family": "F111",
    "target": 5263,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A municipality wants to address a public problem through regular structured meetings with community organizations and private actors. What approach describes this arrangement while leaving authority and responsibility to be specified?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe structured cross-institutional public problem-solving while retaining variation in authority and participation.",
    "qualification": "The broad arrangement does not imply equal power among participants."
  },
  {
    "id": "F111-boundary",
    "family": "F111",
    "target": 5263,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why does involving government and nonstate actors in structured public decision-making not by itself establish equal decision authority, identical participation rights or a uniform allocation of responsibility among them?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe structured cross-institutional public problem-solving while retaining variation in authority and participation.",
    "qualification": "The broad arrangement does not imply equal power among participants."
  },
  {
    "id": "F111-paraphrase",
    "family": "F111",
    "target": 5263,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What approach to public decisions brings government into structured interaction with community groups, businesses or other nonstate participants across institutional boundaries, with differing allocations of authority and responsibility?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe structured cross-institutional public problem-solving while retaining variation in authority and participation.",
    "qualification": "The broad arrangement does not imply equal power among participants."
  },
  {
    "id": "F112-application",
    "family": "F112",
    "target": 6091,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A manufacturer fills a shaped mold cavity and waits for the contents to solidify. What process describes this operation, including why matching the cavity's shape does not fully explain the final internal structure?",
    "rationale": "The target shapes material through mold filling and hardening while distinguishing geometric transfer from structure forming changes.",
    "qualification": "The definition covers solidification or curing without selecting a specific material."
  },
  {
    "id": "F112-boundary",
    "family": "F112",
    "target": 6091,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish the transfer of a mold cavity's shape from the thermal or chemical changes that determine structure and defects, when describing a process that forms a part by solidification or curing?",
    "rationale": "The target shapes material through mold filling and hardening while distinguishing geometric transfer from structure forming changes.",
    "qualification": "The definition covers solidification or curing without selecting a specific material."
  },
  {
    "id": "F112-paraphrase",
    "family": "F112",
    "target": 6091,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which shaping process places a substance inside a mold and lets it harden or cure, reproducing the cavity's geometry while the accompanying heat related or chemical changes influence its eventual structure and defects?",
    "rationale": "The target shapes material through mold filling and hardening while distinguishing geometric transfer from structure forming changes.",
    "qualification": "The definition covers solidification or curing without selecting a specific material."
  },
  {
    "id": "F113-application",
    "family": "F113",
    "target": 5618,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A physiology diagram needs the sensor that detects stretching in cardiovascular tissue and provides a signal used in circulatory reflexes. What receptor function should the diagram represent?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify stretch detection and vessel-deformation signaling as contributions to circulatory reflex regulation.",
    "qualification": "The receptor is a contributor to regulation, not the complete reflex mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F113-boundary",
    "family": "F113",
    "target": 5618,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How should a stretch-sensitive cardiovascular receptor's signaling role be distinguished from the entire reflex regulating circulation, given that detecting vessel deformation contributes to rather than constitutes that whole response?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify stretch detection and vessel-deformation signaling as contributions to circulatory reflex regulation.",
    "qualification": "The receptor is a contributor to regulation, not the complete reflex mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F113-paraphrase",
    "family": "F113",
    "target": 5618,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which sensory receptor in cardiovascular tissue responds to stretch, signals deformation of a vessel and supplies information that contributes to reflex control of the body's circulation?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify stretch detection and vessel-deformation signaling as contributions to circulatory reflex regulation.",
    "qualification": "The receptor is a contributor to regulation, not the complete reflex mechanism."
  },
  {
    "id": "F114-application",
    "family": "F114",
    "target": 6232,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I have rock samples retaining magnetization and want to investigate an earlier magnetic field or the samples' former orientation. What field addresses this evidence while examining whether acquisition or later changes affected the recorded signal?",
    "rationale": "The target studies past fields or orientations using preserved remanent magnetization subject to acquisition and alteration constraints.",
    "qualification": "Preservation alone does not establish that a magnetic record is unaltered."
  },
  {
    "id": "F114-boundary",
    "family": "F114",
    "target": 6232,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should a magnetic record preserved in rock be interpreted with attention to how the magnetization originated and changed, rather than taken as an unqualified direct record of the field or orientation of interest?",
    "rationale": "The target studies past fields or orientations using preserved remanent magnetization subject to acquisition and alteration constraints.",
    "qualification": "Preservation alone does not establish that a magnetic record is unaltered."
  },
  {
    "id": "F114-paraphrase",
    "family": "F114",
    "target": 6232,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What field reconstructs aspects of earlier magnetic conditions from magnetization retained in rocks or other materials, using that record to constrain field history or past orientation while considering how it was acquired and later altered?",
    "rationale": "The target studies past fields or orientations using preserved remanent magnetization subject to acquisition and alteration constraints.",
    "qualification": "Preservation alone does not establish that a magnetic record is unaltered."
  },
  {
    "id": "F115-application",
    "family": "F115",
    "target": 5711,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A laboratory compares measured biological effects across several exposure amounts. What relationship is it studying, and which details about timing, route and assay conditions must accompany the comparison?",
    "rationale": "The queries target exposure-amount versus response while preserving the specified measurement and exposure conditions.",
    "qualification": "No universal curve shape or effect direction is provided."
  },
  {
    "id": "F115-boundary",
    "family": "F115",
    "target": 5711,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should the relation between exposure amount and measured biological effect not be interpreted independently of exposure timing, delivery route and the population or assay in which it was measured?",
    "rationale": "The queries target exposure-amount versus response while preserving the specified measurement and exposure conditions.",
    "qualification": "No universal curve shape or effect direction is provided."
  },
  {
    "id": "F115-paraphrase",
    "family": "F115",
    "target": 5711,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What relation connects the amount of an exposure with the biological effect measured afterward, while requiring the timing, route and tested population or assay setting to be specified?",
    "rationale": "The queries target exposure-amount versus response while preserving the specified measurement and exposure conditions.",
    "qualification": "No universal curve shape or effect direction is provided."
  },
  {
    "id": "F116-application",
    "family": "F116",
    "target": 6108,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am comparing lubricants by how much their viscosity varies as temperature changes. What conventional dimensionless measure should I interpret when a higher reported value generally signifies less sensitivity under the comparison method?",
    "rationale": "The target is a conventional dimensionless measure of lubricant viscosity sensitivity to temperature.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives a general direction of interpretation rather than a universal conversion formula."
  },
  {
    "id": "F116-boundary",
    "family": "F116",
    "target": 6108,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I distinguish a lubricant's dimensionless temperature sensitivity rating from a direct measurement of viscosity, while recognizing that the meaning of a higher rating depends on the defined comparison procedure?",
    "rationale": "The target is a conventional dimensionless measure of lubricant viscosity sensitivity to temperature.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives a general direction of interpretation rather than a universal conversion formula."
  },
  {
    "id": "F116-paraphrase",
    "family": "F116",
    "target": 6108,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What dimensionless lubricant rating summarizes how strongly its resistance to flow varies with temperature, where a larger rating generally means lower temperature sensitivity according to a specified conventional comparison procedure?",
    "rationale": "The target is a conventional dimensionless measure of lubricant viscosity sensitivity to temperature.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives a general direction of interpretation rather than a universal conversion formula."
  },
  {
    "id": "F117-application",
    "family": "F117",
    "target": 5603,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A student is identifying the circulating cell responsible for carrying respiratory gases and releasing oxygen to tissues. What cell type fits this function and its typical abundance of hemoglobin?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify the cell by respiratory-gas transport, usual hemoglobin abundance and oxygen delivery through circulation.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no universal claim about cellular structure beyond the stated specialization."
  },
  {
    "id": "F117-boundary",
    "family": "F117",
    "target": 5603,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe a vertebrate blood cell by its specialization for respiratory-gas transport while preserving the qualification that abundant hemoglobin is typical rather than adding unsupported universal structural claims?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify the cell by respiratory-gas transport, usual hemoglobin abundance and oxygen delivery through circulation.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no universal claim about cellular structure beyond the stated specialization."
  },
  {
    "id": "F117-paraphrase",
    "family": "F117",
    "target": 5603,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "Which vertebrate blood cell is specialized for transporting respiratory gases, usually contains a large amount of hemoglobin and delivers oxygen to tissues as it moves through the circulation?",
    "rationale": "The queries identify the cell by respiratory-gas transport, usual hemoglobin abundance and oxygen delivery through circulation.",
    "qualification": "The definition gives no universal claim about cellular structure beyond the stated specialization."
  },
  {
    "id": "F118-application",
    "family": "F118",
    "target": 6084,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "A deformed material has become harder, and a manufacturer wants to restore ductility through a controlled thermal treatment. What process fits this aim while requiring attention to composition, heating history and subsequent operations?",
    "rationale": "The target is a controlled thermal treatment that changes structure and properties, often reducing deformation hardness or restoring ductility.",
    "qualification": "Softening and restored ductility are common aims rather than guaranteed outcomes in every material."
  },
  {
    "id": "F118-boundary",
    "family": "F118",
    "target": 6084,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should a heat treatment intended to reduce deformation related hardness not be assumed to produce the same result in every material, when composition, the temperature history and later processing influence the outcome?",
    "rationale": "The target is a controlled thermal treatment that changes structure and properties, often reducing deformation hardness or restoring ductility.",
    "qualification": "Softening and restored ductility are common aims rather than guaranteed outcomes in every material."
  },
  {
    "id": "F118-paraphrase",
    "family": "F118",
    "target": 6084,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What controlled heating treatment changes a material's internal structure and properties, often undoing hardness introduced by deformation or recovering ductility, with its outcome governed by composition, the temperature sequence and later processing?",
    "rationale": "The target is a controlled thermal treatment that changes structure and properties, often reducing deformation hardness or restoring ductility.",
    "qualification": "Softening and restored ductility are common aims rather than guaranteed outcomes in every material."
  },
  {
    "id": "F119-application",
    "family": "F119",
    "target": 6019,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "An engineer compares the rotating field's synchronous speed with a rotor's measured speed in an induction machine. What difference should be calculated, and why does it matter for producing torque?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe the field-rotor speed difference, its common normalization and its functional role in torque production.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a particular operating value or sign convention beyond the stated difference."
  },
  {
    "id": "F119-boundary",
    "family": "F119",
    "target": 6019,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "Why should the speed difference between an induction machine's rotating field and rotor not be dismissed as accidental mechanical sliding, when that difference participates in the machine's torque production?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe the field-rotor speed difference, its common normalization and its functional role in torque production.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a particular operating value or sign convention beyond the stated difference."
  },
  {
    "id": "F119-paraphrase",
    "family": "F119",
    "target": 6019,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "a",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What quantity measures how much an induction machine's rotor speed differs from the synchronous speed of its rotating field, sometimes expressing that difference relative to the synchronous speed?",
    "rationale": "The queries describe the field-rotor speed difference, its common normalization and its functional role in torque production.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a particular operating value or sign convention beyond the stated difference."
  },
  {
    "id": "F120-application",
    "family": "F120",
    "target": 5846,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "application",
    "text": "I am describing a collection of cultivated plants that includes several species and several genetically or visibly different forms within each. What concept captures the variation relevant to production, adaptation and later breeding work?",
    "rationale": "The target includes both among species and within species genetic and phenotypic variation in cultivated crops.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a diversity metric or guarantee a specific production benefit."
  },
  {
    "id": "F120-boundary",
    "family": "F120",
    "target": 5846,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "boundary",
    "text": "How can I describe variation in cultivated plants without reducing it to a count of species, since genetic and phenotypic differences within a species also matter for production, adaptation and future breeding?",
    "rationale": "The target includes both among species and within species genetic and phenotypic variation in cultivated crops.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a diversity metric or guarantee a specific production benefit."
  },
  {
    "id": "F120-paraphrase",
    "family": "F120",
    "target": 5846,
    "band": 6,
    "split": "test",
    "author": "b",
    "kind": "paraphrase",
    "text": "What concept covers differences both between cultivated plant species and among members of a species, including genetic and observable traits that matter for agricultural production, adaptation and the possibilities available to future breeders?",
    "rationale": "The target includes both among species and within species genetic and phenotypic variation in cultivated crops.",
    "qualification": "The definition does not prescribe a diversity metric or guarantee a specific production benefit."
  }
]